Goal 1, unit 1
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Transcript of Goal 1, unit 1
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for
Biology Eighth Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
TAXONOMYTAXONOMY
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Grouping Species: The Basic Idea
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that names and
classifies species into groups of increasing breadth.
Domains, followed by kingdoms, are the broadest
units of classification.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
• In the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus published a system of taxonomy based on resemblances.
• The two-part scientific name: Genus species.
• The first letter of the genus is capitalized, and the entire species name is italicized
Ej: Panthera pardus
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Hierarchical Classification
• Linnaeus introduced a system for grouping species in increasingly broad categories.
• The taxonomic groups from broad to narrow are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
I always remember the order using: Kings Play Chess On Fat Guys' Stomachs. The first letter of each word corresponds to the first letter of each level of organization, making it easy to remember
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Taxonomy:
Hierarchical Organization:
DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies
Species:Pantherapardus
Genus: Panthera
Family: Felidae
Order: Carnivora
Class: Mammalia
Phylum: Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia
ArchaeaDomain: EukaryaBacteria
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Fig. 1-14Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
Ursus americanus(American black bear)
Ursus
Ursidae
Carnivora
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
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Three Domain System
Fungi
EUKARYA
Trypanosomes
Green algaeLand plants
Red algae
ForamsCiliates
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms
Animals
AmoebasCellular slime molds
Leishmania
Euglena
Green nonsulfur bacteria
Thermophiles
Halophiles
Methanobacterium
Sulfolobus
ARCHAEA
COMMONANCESTOR
OF ALLLIFE
BACTERIA
(Plastids, includingchloroplasts)
Greensulfur bacteria
(Mitochondrion)
Cyanobacteria
ChlamydiaSpirochetes
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Fig. 1-15(a) DOMAIN BACTERIA
(b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA
(c) DOMAIN EUKARYA
Protists
Kingdom Fungi
KingdomPlantae
Kingdom Animalia
Procaryoticcells
Eucaryoticcells
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Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having– No nucleus– DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid– No membrane-bound organelles– Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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Fig. 6-6
Fimbriae
Nucleoid
Ribosomes
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Flagella
Bacterialchromosome
(a) A typical rod-shaped bacterium
(b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM)
0.5 µm
PROCARYOTIC CELL
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• Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having– DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a
membranous nuclear envelope– Membrane-bound organelles– Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma
membrane and nucleus
Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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EUCARYOTIC CELL
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• Domain Bacteria are what you generally think of when you think of bacteria - such as E. coli and salmonella. The prefix 'eu' means 'true,' so these are true bacteria.
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Fig. 1-15a
(a) DOMAIN BACTERIA
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• Domain Archaebacteria are known as ancient bacteria. The prefix 'archae' means 'ancient,' making this one easy to remember. They are prokaryotic and unicellular.
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Fig. 1-15b
(b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA
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• Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotic organisms.
• The domain Eukarya includes three multicellular kingdoms:
– Plantae
– Fungi
– Animalia
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• Other eukaryotic organisms were formerly grouped into a kingdom called Protista, though these are now often grouped into many separate kingdoms
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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Fig. 1-15c
(c) DOMAIN EUKARYA
Protists
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
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Fig. 1-15d
Protists
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Fig. 1-15e
Kingdom Fungi
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Fig. 1-15f
Kingdom Plantae
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Fig. 1-15g
Kingdom Animalia
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ACTIVITY IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
• Describe in your own words the concept of taxonomy.
• Describe hierarchical organization in Taxonomy.
• Name the three principal domains in nature, and give an example of each of them.
• Name the three kingdoms that belong to the Eucarya domain.
• Explain the differences between the Eucaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell.