GNLD RD Geneve - UNIGE
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Transcript of GNLD RD Geneve - UNIGE
https://kahoot.it/
ByplacinganorderviathisWebsiteonthefirstdayofthefourthmonthoftheyear2010AnnoDomini,youagreetograntUsanontransferableoptiontoclaim,fornowandforevermore,yourimmortalsoul.ShouldWewishtoexercisethisoption,youagreetosurrenderyourimmortalsoul,andanyclaimyoumayhaveonit,within5(five)workingdaysofreceivingwrittennotificationfromgamestation.co.ukoroneofitsdulyauthorisedminions[…]
Thesigning-without-readingproblem
EurobarometerSpecial447ononlineplatforms,2016
• Thinkingaboutthetermsandconditionsononlineplatforms,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyoursituation?
Thesigning-without-readingproblem
Studyonconsumer’sattitudestowardonlineTermsandConditions(EuropeanCommission2016)
Thereading-without-understandingproblem
Theeffectsofthephenomenon
StudyonconsumersattitudestowardonlineTermsandConditions(EuropeanCommission2016)
Wedon’treadthetermsbecausewedon’tcareaboutourrights(e.g.privacyparadox)orbecausetheyaretoolong,tooopaque,andnon-negotiable?
ThebetterthequalityoftheTerms,themoreuserswillreadthem
Studyonconsumers’attitudestowardonlineTermsandConditions(EuropeanCommission2016)
WhytheTermsaresobad?
• UsuallycopiedandpastedfromtheUSversions
• Lawyerswhodraftthemwilltrytosavetheclientfromanypotentiallawsuit,liability,etc.
• Imbalanceofpower+masstransactions=nonnegotiation
• Socialengineering
Socialengineering:“Don’tmakemethink!”
Socialengineering:theonlineexperiencemustbedesignedinsuchawaythattheusergoeson“autopilot”mode.
Thefirstprincipleindesigningwebsitesisusability,whichhasbeendescribedwiththeworryingslogan“don’tmakemethink”(Krug2005)
TheInternetofPlatformsAnempiricalresearchonprivateorderingandconsumerprotectioninthesharingeconomy
GuidoNotoLaDiegaandRossanaDucatoGenevaInternetL@wResearchColloquium- 23June2017
Dr.RossanaDucatoUCLouvainandUSL-B
P.I.
ProfessorAlainStrowelUCLouvainandUSL-B
ProfessorSariDepreeuwUSL-B
Dr.GuidoNotoLaDiegaNorthumbriaUniversity
Externaladvisor
Supervisors
Theteam
Toreadornottoread
Whyconsumersdonotreadtheboilerplate?
• Where isthecontract?(Radin2013)• Consumerssufferfromvariousformsanddegreesofilliteracyandinnumeracy (Radin2013;Busch2016)• Lengthymandatorydisclosuresseemstobeineffectiveinacontextwhereconsumersderiveinformationfromicons,pictures,experiencefromotherpeers(OECD2016)• Theactivityofreadingisextremelytime-consuming andessentiallyuselesssinceitisimpossibletonegotiatewiththestrongestparty(Elshout,Elsenetal.2016)• Consumersdonotcareaboutcontracts(Ben-Shahar2009,PlautandBartlett2011)
Thesharingeconomy
...andtheIoP
• Communication,ADigitalSingleMarketStrategyforEurope(2015)• CommunicationonOnlinePlatformsandtheDigitalSingleMarket(2016)• CommunicationontheMid-TermReviewontheimplementationoftheDigitalSingleMarketStrategy(2017)
“alackoftransparency astohow[theplatforms]usetheinformationtheyacquire,theirstrongbargainingpowercomparedtothatoftheirclients,whichmaybereflectedintheirtermsandconditions”(Commission,2015)
THE“LEGALS”MAZE
• Platformsarefillingthegapsleftbehindbylegislationinaninconsistentway• Thelackoftransparencyandfairnessisepitomizedinthe“legals”
• theprivateorderingimposedbyplatformsthroughabundleofToS,privacypolicy,enduserlicenseagreements,normsofthecommunity,copyrightpolicy,usergeneratedcontentpolicy,nondiscriminationpolicy,promotiontermsandconditions,guidelinesforlawenforcement,guidelinesforthirdpartydatarequest, patentpurchaseprogram,unsolicitedideasubmissionspolicy,firearmsprohibitionpolicy,zerotolerancepolicy,serviceanimalpolicy,apppermissions,other…………
Theresearchhypothesis
• Consumersacceptthelegalswithoutreadingthem,notbecausetheydonotcareabouttheirrights,butbecausetheplatformsarenottransparent
• theopacityoflegals,coupledwithanintricatecorporatestructureandacomplexsupplychain,rendersimpossiblefortheconsumerstofind,readandunderstandthem
Anexample
• 50legals• 92,171words• Approximatereadingtime:10hoursand20minutes• 9permissionsrequiredfortheapp• Complexcompanystructure
• “AcceptingtheUserT&C,oneiscontractingwithfourcompanies,UberLondon,UberBritannia,UberB.V.,andUberNIR.TheyarecontrolledbyUberTechnologies,Inc.,whichdoesnotappearinthecontract.MostoftheT&C,however,referstoanon-existentcompanycalledUberUK,which<shallmeaneachofUberLondon,UberBritannia,andUberNIR>.Inalawsuit,whowouldbethedefendant?”(NotoLaDiega,2016)
TheAwarenessbydesignapproach
•Usingtechnology,law,andbehaviouralsciencestoempowertheuser
• B.awareapp:atoolformakingusersawareofrisks,rights,andobligations
• ThePoP (PlatformonPlatforms):atoolforsharingtheuser’sexperience
A“- bydesign”taxonomy
Privacyby
design
Ethicsby
design
NudgingPro-ethicaldesign
• Article25,GDPR• The7FoundationalPrinciples(Cavoukian)
• Toembedsocialvaluesthroughoutthedesignprocess(Friedman)
• Thaler andSunstein• Structuralnudging• Informationalnudging(Floridi)
thearchitectureshapesonlytheinformationabouttheactualoptionsavailable,relyingonhumanintelligenceandexplicitinterestsasthepragmaticmotivationforaction(Floridi)
B.awareapp
Law
BehavioralSciences
Technology
• Theappwillcheckthelegalsandalerttheconsumeraboutanypeculiarcondition• Inparticular,unenforceableandunfairterms
• Theappwillrate the“legalquality”oftheT&C,privacypolicy,etc.
• Theappwillbeuser-centered• Lackofempiricaldataonconsumers’preferences(Helberg,2013)
LABELLING
RATING
(BecherandUnger-Aviram,2010)
(Ben-Shahar,2009)
ThemethodologyAnempiricalandcomparativestudy
Objectoftheanalysis
Sectors
Countries
• Legaland• Nonlegalrepresentation
• Mobility• Housing• Food
• Belgium• France• Italy• UK
Thanksforyourattention!guido.notoladiega@[email protected]
