Gne ration of com mputers
-
Upload
selvakumar-selva -
Category
Education
-
view
81 -
download
4
Transcript of Gne ration of com mputers
MAHENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Paper Presentation of Generation of Computer
GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
GENERATION
The state of improvement in the development of a product
It is the stage of technological development or innovation
Every new generation has small and more advanced than previous one.
New discoveries are constantly being developed .
first
Computers Generation
Computer Generation
First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes Second Generation - 1956-1963: TransistorsThird Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated CircuitsFourth Generation - 1971-Present: MicroprocessorsFifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence
1940-1956
First Generation Computers
Vacuum tubes
First Generation ComputersVacuum tubes
Devices Used : Vacuum Tubes Period : 1940-1956 Size : Very Huge (Size of 3 room ) 3.5 KW of electricity per day Binary coded language used(‘0’s and ‘1’s) Input: Punch cards and paper tape Processing : Very Slow (microseconds ) Output: Printouts
Examples : UNIVAC ,EDVAC , EDSAC,ENIAC
Characteristics of First Generation Computers
Vacuum tube based on Technology
Supported Machine language only
Very costly
Generate lot of heat
Need of A.C
Slow Input/Output device
Huge size
.Non-portable
Consumed lot of electricity
1956-1963
Second Generation ComputerTransistor
Second Generation ComputerTransistor
Period: 1957-1963
Device Used : Transistors
Size: Smaller than first generation of computer
Input and Output: Punch Card
Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers
Faster than first generation computers
A.C. needed
Support machine and assembly languages(COBAL and FORTRAN)
Example: IBM 1620,IBM 7094,UNIVAC 1108
Characteristics of Second Generation Computer
Transistor based on technology Processing Speed :milliseconds Smaller in size Reliable and prone to hardware failure Portable Generate less amount of heat Easier to program
1964-1971
Third Generation ComputerIntegrated Circuits (IC’s)
Third Generation ComputerIC’S
Period : 1963 to 1975
Device Use : Integrated Circuits
Technology : ICs Incorporated many transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip
Size : Small as compared to 2nd generation computers
Processing : Faster then 2nd generation computers
Input: Keyboard
Output: Monitor
Example: IBM-360 series,IBM-370/168TDC-316
Characteristics of third generation computer
IC used
Consumed lesser electricity
Smaller size
Faster (nanoseconds)
Lesser maintenance
More reliable
Still costly
Generate less heat
A.C. needed
Support high-level language
1970’s – till date
Fourth Generation ComputerMicroprocessors
Fourth Generation ComputerMicroprocessors
Period : After 1972 to present
Size : Very small size
Devices Used : Silicon Chips
LSI and VLSI technology used
Processing : Faster
High level language, OOP (Object Oriented Programming) used
Semiconductor memory devices used
GUI’s and OS used
Example: Apple II,CRAY – 1 and Altair 8800
IC’s
Characteristics of Fourth Generation Computer
LSI and VLSI technology used
Very cheap
Portable and reliable
Use of PC's
Very small size
Pipeline processing
No A.C. needed
Concept of internet was introduced
Great developments in the fields of networks
Less maintenance
Present & beyond
Fifth GenerationArtificial Intelligence
Fifth Generation
Period : Present and Beyond
Devices Used : Superconducters
Technology used: SLSI
Size : Very small
Examples :
Robots
Speech Recognition
Vision Recognition
Characteristics of Artificial Intelligence
Less power consumption .
High performance,
lower cost and very compact.
Portable note book computers introduced .
Memory chips up to 1 GB.
Hard disk drives up to 180 GB
Optical disks up to 27 GB are available (still the capacity is increasing) .
Artificial intelligence includes:
Games Playingprogramming computers to play games such as chess and checkers.
Thankyou……..