GMS 9.2 Page 1

GMS User Manual v9.2 The Groundwater Modeling System

Aquaveo, LLC

GMS 9.2 Page 2

1. Learning GMS 28

Modules .......................................................................................................................................... 29

Numerical Models ........................................................................................................................... 29

Menu Bar ........................................................................................................................................ 30

Edit Window ................................................................................................................................... 31

Tool Palette ..................................................................................................................................... 31

Graphics Window ........................................................................................................................... 31

Project Explorer .............................................................................................................................. 31

Time Step Window ......................................................................................................................... 32

Status Bar ....................................................................................................................................... 32

Macros ............................................................................................................................................ 32

Static Tool Palette ........................................................................................................................... 32

Dynamic Tool Palette...................................................................................................................... 35

Mini-Grid Plot ................................................................................................................................ 35

Mini-Grid Toolbar .......................................................................................................................... 35

Module Palette ................................................................................................................................ 35

Current GMS tutorials are posted at www.aquaveo.com/gms-learning ............................................ 37

Previous Versions ........................................................................................................................... 37

2. Set Up ............................................................................... 37 AQUAVEO SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT ..................................................................... 38

License agreements for software used by Aquaveo software ........................................................... 38

FTGL LICENSE AGREEMENT ................................................................................................ 38

Password......................................................................................................................................... 39

Hardware Lock ............................................................................................................................... 39

Remote Desktop.............................................................................................................................. 41

Parallels Desktop for Mac ............................................................................................................... 41

OpenGL Graphics Dialogs .............................................................................................................. 41

Determining Graphics Card Manufacturer ....................................................................................... 42

Updating Laptop Graphics Card Drivers ......................................................................................... 42

Updating Desktop Graphics Card Drivers ....................................................................................... 42

Updating Windows Operating System ............................................................................................. 43

Updating XMS Software ................................................................................................................. 43

Known Graphics Issues ................................................................................................................... 43

Switch from Hardware to Software Rendering ................................................................................ 43

Contacting Support ......................................................................................................................... 44

External Links................................................................................................................................. 44

3. General Tools .................................................................. 44 3.1. The File Menu ............................................................... 44 3.2. The Edit Menu ............................................................... 46

These were taken out of the menu ................................................................................................... 48

Unit Conversion .............................................................................................................................. 49

General ........................................................................................................................................... 49

Model Executables .......................................................................................................................... 50

MODFLOW ................................................................................................................................... 51

Images / CAD ................................................................................................................................. 52

Printing ........................................................................................................................................... 52

Program Mode ................................................................................................................................ 52

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Available Modes ......................................................................................................................... 52

Caveats ....................................................................................................................................... 53

Map ................................................................................................................................................ 53

TINs ............................................................................................................................................... 53

Boreholes ........................................................................................................................................ 53

Scatter sets ...................................................................................................................................... 54

2D Mesh ......................................................................................................................................... 54

Graphics ......................................................................................................................................... 55

Related Topics ................................................................................................................................ 55

Properties ........................................................................................................................................ 56

Viewing / editing ............................................................................................................................ 56

Inactive values ................................................................................................................................ 57

Material set solutions ...................................................................................................................... 57

3.2.1. Coordinate Systems .................................................. 57 Horizontal System........................................................................................................................... 57

Horizontal Units .......................................................................................................................... 57

Ellipsoid...................................................................................................................................... 58

Vertical System ............................................................................................................................... 58

Vertical Units .............................................................................................................................. 58

External Links................................................................................................................................. 58

"Convert From" System .................................................................................................................. 59

"Convert To" System ...................................................................................................................... 59

Restrictions ..................................................................................................................................... 59

Project Projection ............................................................................................................................ 59

Local Projection .......................................................................................................................... 59

Reproject ........................................................................................................................................ 60

Reproject everything ................................................................................................................... 60

Reproject object .......................................................................................................................... 60

Single Point Reprojection ............................................................................................................ 60

Restrictions ................................................................................................................................. 61

Supported Projections ..................................................................................................................... 61

Coordinate Transformation Wizard ................................................................................................. 62

Step 1 - Choose the method of transformation ............................................................................. 62

Step 2 - Choose transformation options ....................................................................................... 62

See Also.......................................................................................................................................... 63

See Also.......................................................................................................................................... 64

3.3. The Display Menu ......................................................... 64 General vs. Grid Layers .................................................................................................................. 67

Contour Method .............................................................................................................................. 67

Line options .................................................................................................................................... 67

Data Range ..................................................................................................................................... 67

Contour Interval .............................................................................................................................. 68

Contour Labels ............................................................................................................................... 69

Specified Dataset ............................................................................................................................ 69

Grid Layer Contour Options ............................................................................................................ 70

Interpolation ................................................................................................................................ 70

Animation Options .......................................................................................................................... 70

Transient vs. Steady State Animation .......................................................................................... 70

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Dataset Animation....................................................................................................................... 71

Particle Tracking Animation ....................................................................................................... 71

Cross-section / Iso-surface Animation ......................................................................................... 71

Moving View .............................................................................................................................. 71

Flow Trace Animation ................................................................................................................ 72

CODEC .......................................................................................................................................... 72

Animation Playback ........................................................................................................................ 72

Legend ............................................................................................................................................ 72

Palette Method ................................................................................................................................ 73

User-Defined Palettes ..................................................................................................................... 73

Current Palette ................................................................................................................................ 73

Preview ........................................................................................................................................... 73

3.3.1. Display Options ......................................................... 74 Data Type Tabs ............................................................................................................................... 74

General Display Options ................................................................................................................. 75

Related Topics ................................................................................................................................ 76

Dimensions ..................................................................................................................................... 76

Vary Length and/or Color ............................................................................................................... 76

Display Every Nth Vector ............................................................................................................... 76

Color Specified Range .................................................................................................................... 77

2D vs. 3D Vectors ........................................................................................................................... 77

Toggles ........................................................................................................................................... 77

Slider .............................................................................................................................................. 77

Light Position ................................................................................................................................. 77

3.4. Other Tools ................................................................... 81 Annotation Objects ......................................................................................................................... 81

Screen vs World Space Layers ........................................................................................................ 82

Annotation Object Attributes .......................................................................................................... 82

Screen Space Images ....................................................................................................................... 83

Scale Bars ....................................................................................................................................... 83

North Arrows .................................................................................................................................. 84

Text ................................................................................................................................................ 84

Lines/Arrows .................................................................................................................................. 84

Ovals .............................................................................................................................................. 85

Rectangles ...................................................................................................................................... 85

Selection ......................................................................................................................................... 85

Viewing Annotations At Specific Time Intervals ............................................................................ 85

Delete Data ..................................................................................................................................... 86

CAD → Feature Objects ................................................................................................................. 86

CAD → TIN ................................................................................................................................... 86

Convert To CAD ............................................................................................................................. 86

Solid Cross Sections ....................................................................................................................... 87

Borehole Cross Sections ................................................................................................................. 87

3D Grid Cross Sections ................................................................................................................... 87

3D Mesh Cross Sections ................................................................................................................. 88

Cross Section Options ..................................................................................................................... 88

Convert Cross Section to Coverage ................................................................................................. 89

Coordinate Transformation ......................................................................................................... 90

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Limitations .................................................................................................................................. 90

Generating Datasets ........................................................................................................................ 91

Project Explorer .............................................................................................................................. 91

Active Dataset................................................................................................................................. 91

Dataset Info .................................................................................................................................... 92

Statistics...................................................................................................................................... 92

View/Edit Values ........................................................................................................................ 92

Active/Inactive Flags .................................................................................................................. 92

Date/Time Display ...................................................................................................................... 92

Datasets in the Project Explorer ...................................................................................................... 92

Datasets ...................................................................................................................................... 92

Solutions ..................................................................................................................................... 93

Folder ......................................................................................................................................... 93

At a glance ...................................................................................................................................... 93

Expression Field.......................................................................................................................... 94

List of Datasets ........................................................................................................................... 94

Result Name ............................................................................................................................... 94

Operators .................................................................................................................................... 94

Compute Button .......................................................................................................................... 97

Related Links .................................................................................................................................. 97

The XY Edit Fields ......................................................................................................................... 98

The XY Series Plot ......................................................................................................................... 98

Related Pages .................................................................................................................................. 98

4. Interpolation ..................................................................... 98 4.1. Introduction .................................................................. 98

Active Dataset............................................................................................................................... 100

Interpolation Methods ................................................................................................................... 100

Anisotropy .................................................................................................................................... 101

Vertical Anisotropy ................................................................................................................... 101

Assign default extrapolation value to hidden objects ..................................................................... 101

Truncation .................................................................................................................................... 101

4.2. Linear .......................................................................... 102 4.3. Inverse Distance Weighted ........................................ 103

3D Interpolation ............................................................................................................................ 104

3D Interpolation ............................................................................................................................ 105

Global Method .............................................................................................................................. 106

Local Method ................................................................................................................................ 107

Subset of Points ............................................................................................................................ 107

All Points ...................................................................................................................................... 107

Enclosing Triangle ........................................................................................................................ 107

4.4. Clough-Tocher ............................................................ 108 4.5. Natural Neighbor ........................................................ 109

Local Coordinates ......................................................................................................................... 110

Extrapolation ................................................................................................................................ 112

4.6. Kriging ......................................................................... 112

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Ordinary Kriging........................................................................................................................... 113

Simple Kriging ............................................................................................................................. 114

Universal Kriging ......................................................................................................................... 114

Kriging Method ............................................................................................................................ 115

Drift .............................................................................................................................................. 115

Search Options .............................................................................................................................. 115

Search Ellipsoid ............................................................................................................................ 115

Editing Variograms ....................................................................................................................... 116

2D vs. 3D ...................................................................................................................................... 116

Modeling Anisotropy .................................................................................................................... 116

Creating Experimental Variograms ............................................................................................... 117

Lags .......................................................................................................................................... 118

Creating Model Variograms .......................................................................................................... 120

Model Functions ....................................................................................................................... 120

Modeling Anisotropy .................................................................................................................... 122

Detecting Anisotropy ................................................................................................................ 122

Anisotropy Method ................................................................................................................... 123

Saving Variograms .................................................................................................................... 124

4.7. Jackknifing .................................................................. 124 5. Modules .......................................................................... 124 5.1. TIN Module .................................................................. 124

Manually Creating a TIN .............................................................................................................. 125

Creating a TIN from GMS Data .................................................................................................... 125

Copying a Current TIN ................................................................................................................. 126

Editing TIN Vertices ..................................................................................................................... 126

Creating New TIN Vertices ....................................................................................................... 126

Deleting TIN Vertices ............................................................................................................... 126

Editing TIN Vertex Coordinates ................................................................................................ 126

Snap Vertices to TIN ................................................................................................................. 127

Editing Triangles of a TIN ............................................................................................................ 127

Create Triangles ........................................................................................................................ 127

Deleting Triangles ..................................................................................................................... 127

Changing Triangle Density ........................................................................................................ 128

Subdivide TIN .......................................................................................................................... 128

Adding Breaklines..................................................................................................................... 128

TIN → 2D Scatter Points .............................................................................................................. 135

TIN → 2D Mesh ........................................................................................................................... 135

Fill Between TINs → 3D Mesh ..................................................................................................... 136

TIN Boundary → Polygons ........................................................................................................... 136

TIN Thiessen → Polygons ............................................................................................................ 136

Vertex Strings → Arcs .................................................................................................................. 136

Horizons → Solids ........................................................................................................................ 136

Horizons → 3D Mesh ................................................................................................................... 136

Cards used in the TIN file ............................................................................................................. 138

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 143

5.2. Boreholes Module ...................................................... 143 Types of Borehole Data ................................................................................................................ 143

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Stratigraphy .............................................................................................................................. 143

Sample Data .............................................................................................................................. 144

Auto Select ................................................................................................................................... 144

Borehole Editor ............................................................................................................................. 145

Importing Borehole Data ............................................................................................................... 151

Creation ........................................................................................................................................ 151

Display ......................................................................................................................................... 151

Soils → HGUs, HGUs → Soils ..................................................................................................... 151

Building Cross-Sections, Solids .................................................................................................... 151

Creation ........................................................................................................................................ 152

Automatic creation .................................................................................................................... 153

Manual creation ........................................................................................................................ 153

Editing .......................................................................................................................................... 153

Automatic editing ...................................................................................................................... 153

Manual editing .......................................................................................................................... 154

Borehole Cross Section Editor ...................................................................................................... 154

Tools ......................................................................................................................................... 154

Display Options ........................................................................................................................ 156

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 159

5.2.1. Horizons ................................................................... 159 Assigning Horizons to Boreholes .................................................................................................. 159

Automatic Assignment .............................................................................................................. 159

Manual Assignment .................................................................................................................. 159

Assigning Horizons to TINs .......................................................................................................... 160

Assigning Horizons to Rasters ...................................................................................................... 161

Modeling a Slope Failure .............................................................................................................. 161

Vertical Boundary Between Solids ................................................................................................ 162

Primary TINs ............................................................................................................................ 163

Solids ........................................................................................................................................ 163

Cross Sections from Solids ........................................................................................................ 163

Horizon → HUF Algorithm .......................................................................................................... 165

Step 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 166

Step 2 ............................................................................................................................................ 166

Step 3 ............................................................................................................................................ 166

Horizon → Solid Algorithm .......................................................................................................... 167

Horizon → 3D Mesh Algorithm .................................................................................................... 169

5.3. Solid Module ............................................................... 169 Cube ............................................................................................................................................. 171

Sphere ........................................................................................................................................... 171

Cylinder ........................................................................................................................................ 172

Prism ............................................................................................................................................ 172

1. Create a 2D Projection Mesh ..................................................................................................... 174

2. Create the Solids ....................................................................................................................... 175

3. Assign layer ranges to the Solids ............................................................................................... 175

4. Solids → Layered Mesh Command ........................................................................................... 175

Sample Mesh ................................................................................................................................ 175

Building the Solids ........................................................................................................................ 177

Material Properties ........................................................................................................................ 177

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Creating the Grid .......................................................................................................................... 177

Solids → MODFLOW Options ..................................................................................................... 177

Boundary Matching ...................................................................................................................... 178

Solids and Layer Ranges ........................................................................................................... 178

Solids → MODFLOW Command ............................................................................................. 179

Smoothing Tolerance ................................................................................................................ 180

Minimum Thickness.................................................................................................................. 180

Top Cell Bias ............................................................................................................................ 181

Grid Overlay ................................................................................................................................. 181

Minimum Thickness.................................................................................................................. 182

Grid Overlay with Keq .................................................................................................................. 182

Parameter Estimation ................................................................................................................ 183

Advanced ...................................................................................................................................... 184

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 184

5.4. 2D Mesh Module ......................................................... 184 Using an Automatic Meshing Technique ....................................................................................... 186

Manually Creating a 2D Mesh....................................................................................................... 186

Creating a 2D Mesh from GMS Data ............................................................................................ 186

Editing Nodes ............................................................................................................................... 186

Insert Node ............................................................................................................................... 187

Delete Node .............................................................................................................................. 187

Move Node ............................................................................................................................... 187

Editing Elements ........................................................................................................................... 187

Convert Between Linear and Quadratic ..................................................................................... 187

Merging Triangles ..................................................................................................................... 188

Splitting Quadrilaterals ............................................................................................................. 189

Refining Elements ..................................................................................................................... 189

Change Element Materials ........................................................................................................ 189

Boundary Triangles ................................................................................................................... 189

Breaklines ................................................................................................................................. 190

Default Z ...................................................................................................................................... 190

Insert Nodes into Triangulated Mesh ............................................................................................. 191

Check for Coincident Nodes ......................................................................................................... 191

Creating an Element ...................................................................................................................... 196

Mesh → 2D Scatter Points ............................................................................................................ 197

Mesh → TIN ................................................................................................................................. 197

Mesh → 3D Tets ........................................................................................................................... 197

How it works............................................................................................................................. 197

Mesh Type .................................................................................................................................... 201

None ......................................................................................................................................... 201

Adaptive Tessellation ................................................................................................................ 201

Patch ......................................................................................................................................... 201

Paving ....................................................................................................................................... 202

Polygon Type/Material.................................................................................................................. 203

Graphical Tools ............................................................................................................................ 203

Arc Options .................................................................................................................................. 203

Node Options ................................................................................................................................ 204

Convert To submenu ..................................................................................................................... 205

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Advanced submenu ....................................................................................................................... 205

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 206

5.5. 2D Grid Module ........................................................... 206 Creating 2D Grids ......................................................................................................................... 208

Create Grid ............................................................................................................................... 208

Map → 2D Grid ........................................................................................................................ 209

Editing 2D Grids ........................................................................................................................... 209

Inserting Rows and Columns ..................................................................................................... 209

Merging Rows and Columns ..................................................................................................... 209

Grid → 2D Scatter Points.............................................................................................................. 214

Grid → TIN .................................................................................................................................. 214

Grid → 2D Mesh .......................................................................................................................... 214

Contours → Arcs .......................................................................................................................... 214

Convert To submenu ..................................................................................................................... 215

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 215

5.6. 2D Scatter Point Module ............................................ 215 Creating Scatter Points .................................................................................................................. 216

Interactively Creating Scatter Points ............................................................................................. 217

Converting from Other Types ....................................................................................................... 217

Importing Tabular Scatter Point Data ............................................................................................ 217

Editing Scatter Points .................................................................................................................... 217

Deleting Scatter Points .................................................................................................................. 218

Gaussian Simulations .................................................................................................................... 221

Gaussian Simulation Options ........................................................................................................ 222

Running the Simulation................................................................................................................. 222

Viewing the Results ...................................................................................................................... 223

Tabular Scatter Point Input............................................................................................................ 224

Active/Inactive Flags Dialog ......................................................................................................... 224

Active Dataset............................................................................................................................... 224

Interpolation Method..................................................................................................................... 225

Log Interpolation .......................................................................................................................... 225

Anisotropy .................................................................................................................................... 225

Extrapolation ................................................................................................................................ 225

Truncation .................................................................................................................................... 226

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 228

5.7. 3D Mesh Module ......................................................... 228 Converting GMS data to a 3D Mesh.............................................................................................. 229

Grid → 3D Mesh ...................................................................................................................... 229

Scatter Points → Mesh Nodes ................................................................................................... 230

Automated Meshing ...................................................................................................................... 230

Fill Between TINs → 3D Mesh ................................................................................................. 230

Creating 3D Meshes From Solid Models ................................................................................... 232

Creating 3D Meshes From Mesh Nodes .................................................................................... 232

Editing Nodes ............................................................................................................................... 232

Refine Elements ............................................................................................................................ 233

Elements to Refine .................................................................................................................... 233

Refinement Method ................................................................................................................... 233

GMS 9.2 Page 10

Select background object .............................................................................................................. 244

Classify algorithm ......................................................................................................................... 244

Material set name .......................................................................................................................... 245

Defining Iso-values ....................................................................................................................... 245

Active Dataset ........................................................................................................................... 245

Iso-Values ................................................................................................................................. 245

Fill Between .............................................................................................................................. 246

Transparency............................................................................................................................. 247

Define as Cross-Section ................................................................................................................ 247

Interior Edge Removal .................................................................................................................. 247

Visible Region Only Option .......................................................................................................... 247

Iso-Surface Edges ......................................................................................................................... 247

Iso-Surface Faces .......................................................................................................................... 247

Specify Range ............................................................................................................................... 248

Isosurface Volumes ....................................................................................................................... 248

Mesh to 3D Scatter Points ............................................................................................................. 248

3D Mesh to 2D Mesh .................................................................................................................... 249

Map → 2D Mesh .......................................................................................................................... 249

Creating the 3D Elements ............................................................................................................. 250

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 251

5.8. 3D Grid Module ........................................................... 252 Creating 3D Grids ......................................................................................................................... 253

Create Grid ............................................................................................................................... 253

Map → 3D Grid ........................................................................................................................ 254

Editing 3D Grids ........................................................................................................................... 254

Select background object .............................................................................................................. 261

Classify algorithm ......................................................................................................................... 261

Material set name .......................................................................................................................... 262

Switching Modes .......................................................................................................................... 262

Mini-Grid Plot .............................................................................................................................. 262

True Layer Mode .......................................................................................................................... 262

Grid → 3D Scatter Points.............................................................................................................. 263

Grid → 3D Mesh .......................................................................................................................... 263

Grid → 2D Grid ............................................................................................................................ 263

MODFLOW Layers → 2D Scatter Points ..................................................................................... 263

3D Data → 2D Data ...................................................................................................................... 264

Exporting 2D grids ........................................................................................................................ 265

Exporting 3D grids ........................................................................................................................ 265

MODFLOW ................................................................................................................................. 266

MT3DMS/RT3D/SEAM3D .......................................................................................................... 266

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 270

5.9. 3D Scatter Point Module ............................................ 270 Scatter Points → Mesh Nodes ....................................................................................................... 273

Scatter Points → Obs. Pts. ............................................................................................................ 274

MODPATH Starting Locations ..................................................................................................... 274

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 276

5.10. Map Module ............................................................... 276

GMS 9.2 Page 11

Object Types ................................................................................................................................. 277

Points ........................................................................................................................................ 277

Arcs .......................................................................................................................................... 277

Nodes ........................................................................................................................................ 278

Vertices ..................................................................................................................................... 278

Arc Groups ............................................................................................................................... 279

Polygons ................................................................................................................................... 279

Coverages ..................................................................................................................................... 280

Conceptual Models ....................................................................................................................... 280

Feature Object Properties .............................................................................................................. 280

Converting Feature Objects ........................................................................................................... 281

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 283

Conceptual Model Properties ........................................................................................................ 283

Coverage Setup ............................................................................................................................. 290

3D grid layer option for obs. pts ................................................................................................ 290

Feature Object Attribute Table ...................................................................................................... 291

Map To Submenu.......................................................................................................................... 291

Displaying the Grid Frame ............................................................................................................ 291

Extrapolation ................................................................................................................................ 292

Interpolation ................................................................................................................................. 292

Integration .................................................................................................................................... 293

Time Units .................................................................................................................................... 293

Map to MODFLOW ..................................................................................................................... 293

Map to FEMWATER .................................................................................................................... 294

Map to MT3DMS ......................................................................................................................... 294

Arc → Cross Sections ................................................................................................................... 294

Map → TIN .................................................................................................................................. 295

Map to 2D Mesh ........................................................................................................................... 295

Map to 2D Grid ............................................................................................................................. 295

Map to 3D Grid ............................................................................................................................. 296

Refine Points ............................................................................................................................. 296

Map to 2D Scatter Points .............................................................................................................. 296

Map to 3D Scatter Points .............................................................................................................. 297

5.11. GIS Module ................................................................ 297 "Error initializing EMRL_LicCheckMod.dll" ................................................................................ 299

Add Shapefile Data ....................................................................................................................... 300

Add Data ...................................................................................................................................... 300

Export to Arc Hydro Groundwater ................................................................................................ 301

Import from Arc Hydro Groundwater ............................................................................................ 301

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 303

6. Models ............................................................................ 303 6.1 FEFLOW ....................................................................... 303

Import ........................................................................................................................................... 304

Export ........................................................................................................................................... 304

6.2. FEMWATER ................................................................. 304 Pre-Processing .............................................................................................................................. 305

Post-Processing ............................................................................................................................. 305

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External Links............................................................................................................................... 305

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 307

6.2.1. FEMWATER Pre-Processing .................................. 307 Basic Steps in Building a FEMWATER Model ............................................................................. 307

FEMWATER Direct Approach ..................................................................................................... 307

The Direct Approach ................................................................................................................. 308

FEMWATER Conceptual Model Approach .................................................................................. 308

Two Step Process ...................................................................................................................... 309

Build a 3D Finite Element Mesh ............................................................................................... 309

The Select Well Tool .................................................................................................................... 311

Nodal Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 311

Head ......................................................................................................................................... 311

Concentration ............................................................................................................................ 312

Face Boundary Conditions ........................................................................................................ 312

Point Properties ............................................................................................................................. 312

Arc Properties ............................................................................................................................... 313

Titles............................................................................................................................................. 315

Iteration Parameters ...................................................................................................................... 316

Particle Tracking Parameters ......................................................................................................... 316

Time Control Parameters .............................................................................................................. 317

Time Steps ................................................................................................................................ 317

Output Control .............................................................................................................................. 318

Printed Output File .................................................................................................................... 318

Dataset Files ............................................................................................................................. 318

Fluid Properties ............................................................................................................................. 318

Material Properties ........................................................................................................................ 319

Curve Generator ........................................................................................................................ 320

Cold Starts .................................................................................................................................... 320

Pressure Head ........................................................................................................................... 321

Concentration ............................................................................................................................ 321

Hot Start ....................................................................................................................................... 321

Initial Condition File Format ......................................................................................................... 322

Flow Files ..................................................................................................................................... 322

Geometry File Options .................................................................................................................. 323

6.2.2. FEMWATER Post-Processing ................................ 323 Particle Tracking ........................................................................................................................... 325

Flow / Flux ................................................................................................................................... 325

Restrictions ................................................................................................................................... 325

Display Options ............................................................................................................................ 326

6.3. MODAEM ..................................................................... 326 Linking MODAEM and MODFLOW ........................................................................................... 327

MODAEM Output File ................................................................................................................. 328

MODAEM Links .......................................................................................................................... 328

Preamble ....................................................................................................................................... 328

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ........................................................................................... 329

NO WARRANTY......................................................................................................................... 331

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ...................................................................... 332

GMS 9.2 Page 13

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 334

6.4. MODFLOW .................................................................. 334 MODFLOW Versions ................................................................................................................... 335

Pre-Processing .............................................................................................................................. 335

Post-Processing ............................................................................................................................. 336

MODFLOW Documentation ......................................................................................................... 336

Choosing MODFLOW-2000 or MODFLOW-2005 ....................................................................... 336

Changes in MODFLOW-2005 ...................................................................................................... 337

Set Up ........................................................................................................................................... 338

LGR Options ................................................................................................................................ 338

Parent and Child Grids .................................................................................................................. 339

Active Grid and MODFLOW .................................................................................................... 340

Ortho mode ............................................................................................................................... 340

Adjusting BCs Along the Boundary .............................................................................................. 340

Running Models Independently ..................................................................................................... 341

BFH Package ................................................................................................................................ 341

Restrictions ................................................................................................................................... 341

Obsolete Commands ..................................................................................................................... 344

Related Topics .............................................................................................................................. 345

6.4.1. MODFLOW Packages .............................................. 345 Global Options & Output .............................................................................................................. 345

Flow Packages .............................................................................................................................. 346

Solver Packages ............................................................................................................................ 347

Optional Packages ......................................................................................................................... 349

Other Files .................................................................................................................................... 352

Output Files .................................................................................................................................. 353

Data Required ............................................................................................................................... 353

Layer Data .................................................................................................................................... 354

Layer ........................................................................................................................................ 354

Layer Data Arrays ..................................................................................................................... 354

Layer Type ................................................................................................................................ 354

Interblock Transmissivity .......................................................................................................... 355

Anisotropy Factor ..................................................................................................................... 355

Head Assigned to Dry Cells .......................................................................................................... 355

Cell Rewetting Parameters ............................................................................................................ 355

Storage coefficients ....................................................................................................................... 355

Specifying Transient Head Values ................................................................................................ 356

Defining Time Variant Specified Head Boundaries ....................................................................... 356

Stress Period ................................................................................................................................. 357

Use Previous ................................................................................................................................. 357

Spreadsheet ................................................................................................................................... 357

Reset ............................................................................................................................................. 357

Stress Period ................................................................................................................................. 358

Use Previous ................................................................................................................................. 358

Spreadsheet ................................................................................................................................... 358

Display Cell IDs/IJK ..................................................................................................................... 358

Delete All ..................................................................................................................................... 359

Conceptual model ......................................................................................................................... 359

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Drain Return package dialog ......................................................................................................... 360

Evapotranspiration Segments ........................................................................................................ 360

Segmented line functions in GMS ................................................................................................. 362

EVT Package Dialog ..................................................................................................................... 363

Evapotranspiration Option......................................................................................................... 363

Multiplier .................................................................................................................................. 363

Stress Periods ............................................................................................................................ 364

2D Dataset → Array.................................................................................................................. 364

Array → 2D Dataset.................................................................................................................. 364

Constant → Array ..................................................................................................................... 364

Spreadsheet ............................................................................................................................... 364

Stress Period ................................................................................................................................. 365

Use Previous ................................................................................................................................. 365

Spreadsheet ................................................................................................................................... 365

Display Cell IDs/IJK ..................................................................................................................... 365

Delete All ..................................................................................................................................... 365

Headings ....................................................................................................................................... 366

Version ......................................................................................................................................... 366

Run Options .................................................................................................................................. 366

Forward Run ............................................................................................................................. 366

Sensitivity Analysis ................................................................................................................... 367

Parameter Estimation ................................................................................................................ 367

Stochastic Simulation ................................................................................................................ 367

Stochastic Inverse Model .......................................................................................................... 367

Model Type .................................................................................................................................. 367

No Flow Head ............................................................................................................................... 367

Stress Periods ................................................................................................................................ 368

Packages ....................................................................................................................................... 368

Units ............................................................................................................................................. 368

IBOUND ...................................................................................................................................... 368

Values ....................................................................................................................................... 368

Editing the IBOUND Array ....................................................................................................... 368

Starting Heads............................................................................................................................... 369

Top Elevation ............................................................................................................................... 369

Bottom Elevation .......................................................................................................................... 369

Confining Beds ............................................................................................................................. 369

Hydraulic Characteristic ................................................................................................................ 370

Defining Barriers .......................................................................................................................... 371

Using the Map Module .............................................................................................................. 371

Using the Toggle Barrier Command .......................................................................................... 371

HFB Package Dialog ..................................................................................................................... 371

Spreadsheet ............................................................................................................................... 371

Reset ......................................................................................................................................... 371

Layer ............................................................................................................................................ 372

Layer type ..................................................................................................................................... 372

Hydrogeologic Unit Properties ...................................................................................................... 372

Vertical hydraulic conductivity ..................................................................................................... 373

Head Assigned to Dry Cells .......................................................................................................... 373

Cell Re