GMO - Friend or Foe?
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Transcript of GMO - Friend or Foe?
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GMOsFriend or Foe?
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What is a GMO?
GMOs are more than crops and the companies that produce them.
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What is a GMO?
According to the World Health Organization, a GMO is defined as organisms in which the genetic
material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating or natural recombination.
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-genetically-modified-food/en/
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How are GMOs created?• DNA is like a universal language for life.• Genes are segments of DNA that contain the
blueprint for characteristics.
http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/basic_genetics.shtml
Organisms modified with this gene become red.
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How are GMOs created?Humanity has been responsible for conventional forms of genetic modification since the dawn of
agriculture.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/selection/corn/
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How are GMOs created?• Genes are limited to those of the predecessor.• Random mutations will occur.
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
Normal Fruit Fly Naturally mutated Fruit Fly
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How are GMOs created?
http://student.purduecal.edu/~trgomez/1250_webtext.htm
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Applications of GMOs• Medicine• Research• Agriculture
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Applications of GMOs• E. Coli bacteria was genetically engineered to
produce human insulin.• Research is ongoing on preventing peanut
allergies and tooth decay.
http://ca-biomed.org/pdf/media-kit/fact-sheets/FS-GMO.pdf
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Applications of GMOs• Golden Rice is a modified rice that provides
vitamin A.• Oranges were modified to resist the disease
Huanglongbing.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/vad/en/
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/09/140914-florida-orange-citrus-greening-gmo-environment-science/
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/early/2012/07/31/ajcn.111.030775.abstract
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Purported Risks of GMOs• Adverse health effects on animals and humans.• Negative environmental impact.
http://earthopensource.org/index.php/reports/gmo-myths-and-truths
http://www.responsibletechnology.org/
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Purported Risks of GMOsSeralini’s study showed Roundup Ready crops cause
tumors and organ failure in rats.
http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14
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Purported Risks of GMOsRosi-Marshall’s study showed adverse impact from
Bt corn on aquatic ecology.
http://www.pnas.org/content/104/41/16204
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ConsensusHowever, both studies were scrutinized for:• Inadequate design and analysis.• Ethics regarding the care of animals.
http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090902/full/461027a.html#B1
http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2986.htmhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11248-013-9692-9
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Consensus• Overwhelming evidence supporting danger of
pesticides and herbicides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis.
• No evidence concluding GMOs are inherently dangerous.
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Conclusion• Genetic Modification is a technology.• Hurting yourself with a tool doesn’t mean the tool
is bad.
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Thank you.