GMD Vulnerability Assessment · 2021. 1. 8. · PJM’s Corrective Action Plan. GMD Vulnerability...
Transcript of GMD Vulnerability Assessment · 2021. 1. 8. · PJM’s Corrective Action Plan. GMD Vulnerability...
PJM’s Corrective Action Plan
GMD Vulnerability Assessment
Emanuel Bernabeu, Ph.D.Director Applied Innovation & AnalyticsPJM Interconnection.
Space Weather Enterprise Forum – June 26, 2019
1
Agenda
2 GMD Impacts on Power Systems
1PJM
4 Conclusion & Final Remarks
3GMD Mitigation
2
PJM©20183
PJM as Part of the Eastern Interconnection
As of 2/2018
• 27% of generation in Eastern Interconnection• 28% of load in Eastern Interconnection• 20% of transmission assets in Eastern Interconnection
21% of U.S. GDP produced in PJM
Key StatisticsMember companies 1,040+Millions of people served 65Peak load in megawatts 165,492MW of generating capacity 178,563Miles of transmission lines 84,0422017 GWh of annual energy 773,522Generation sources 1,379Square miles of territory 243,417States served 13 + DC
GIC Impacts on the Power Grid
DC shift
B
Time
I
Imac+dc
Time
Hot-spots MVARs Harmonics
4
GIC
1.08
0.95
Voltage Contour
GIC Uniform Geoelectric Field
500 kV 230 kV 115 kV
5
NERC TPL-0071-in-100 year benchmark
Agenda
2 GMD Impacts on Power Systems
1PJM
4 Conclusion & Final Remarks
3GMD Mitigation
6
Corrective Action Plan
Equipment Hardening
Operating Procedures
Situational Awareness
7
Equipment Hardening
020406080
100120
0 2 4 10 20 40Stea
dy S
tate
Gra
dien
t [K]
GIC [Amps per phase]
yoke plates (non-magnetic)yoke plates (magnetic)
Order of magnitude difference in temperature rise
Immune to harmonics
8
Forecast – Situation Awareness
Negligible Impact
Unbounded
9
Operating Procedures
02468
0 3 6 9 11 14 17 20 23 26 28 31 34 37 40 43 45
GIC
[neu
tral
]
Time [Hrs]
GMD forecast, GIC, heat-map
Real-time GIC
Conservative Operations
Topology Control
Contingency Analysis
Operating Procedures
10
Agenda
2 GMD Impacts on Power Systems
1PJM
4 Conclusion & Final Remarks
3GMD Mitigation
11
Conclusions & Final Remarks
Interdependent Models
(ionosphere, ground, grid)
No Silver Bullet(Hardening & Operating
Procedures)
Situational Awareness
(Forecasts are used-and-useful)
12