Glycosuria

Suffix: -uria

What is Glycosuria?

GlycosuriaA condition where glucose is excreted in measurable amounts in the urine. Normally, the amount of glucose in the urine is so small it's undetectable. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste byproducts and other compounds out of the blood. Glucose is one substrate that is removed during filtering. The proximal renal tubules in the kidneys reabsorb this glucose and send it back into the body. The body uses glucose (sugar) as fuel for many functions, and the kidneys help to keep it circulating. Glucose is typically only released when the blood glucose level is abnormally high. The main reason glycosuria is usually detected is because the blood glucose levels are high enough that the renal tubules in the kidneys are not able to process or reabsorb all the excesses glucose, causing hyperglycemia. Extremely high blood glucose levels are usually caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas. This is a symptom of Type 2 diabetes, or diabetes mellitus.

Type-2 Diabetes & Glycosuria

Extremely high blood glucose levels are usually caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas. This is normally a symptom of Type 2 diabetes, or diabetes mellitus.

Renal Glycosuria

Glycosuria can also occur despite blood glucose levels being normal or even low. It can happen in patients that have renal tubules that should be able to reabsorb the excess glucose but don't. This disorder is known as Renal Glycosuria.

Renal Glycosuria

Renal GlycosuriaCause and Effects

When the proximal renal tubules stop reabsorbing filtered glucose, a condition called renal glycosuria is imminent. This is an inherited disorder also known as membrane transport disorder. It is a metamorphosis that affects certain membrane proteins which causes function abnormality. These mutations affect the kidneys and lead to glycosuria.

Rare Cases of GlycosuriaThere are also other rare circumstances that can

lead to glycosuria. Fanconi’s syndrome, severe anxiety, Lowe’s syndrome, cystinosis, Wilson’s disease, interstitial nephritis, heavy metal poisoning, severe dehydration, or ketosis can also cause glycosuria.

Pregnancy & GlycosuriaPregnant women may also experience glycosuria and should be monitored if they have a history of it, as it can be an early indicator of gestational diabetes.

Symptoms of Glycosuria Although there are usually a void of symptoms associated with glycosuria, the typical signs may include excessive urination, especially at night while sleeping, the feeling of excessive thirst, and ultimately dehydration. These are also some of the same symptoms that a person with type-2 diabetes would exhibit.

Polyuria Suffix: -uria

What is Polyuria?Polyuria: The excessive passage of urine (at least 2.5 liters per day for an adult) resulting in profuse urination and urinary frequency (the need to urinate frequently).

What Causes Polyuria? Polyuria is a classic sign

of diabetes mellitus that is under poor control or is not yet under treatment. Polyuria occurs in some other conditions such as:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus -- a genetic disease

Polycystic kidney disease -- another genetic disease

Sickle cell disease Pyelonephritis -- infection of kidneys Amyloidosis -- deposits of a

substance called amyloid in the kidney

Sjogren syndrome, and Myeloma.

What Causes Polyuria?

Other conditions that lead to Polyuria

In the absence of diabetes mellitus, the most common causes are excessive secretion of aldosterone due to adrenal cortical tumor, primary polydipsia (excessive fluid drinking), central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Polyuria may also be due to various chemical substances, such as diuretics, caffeine, and ethanol.