Gluco Neo Genesis
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Transcript of Gluco Neo Genesis
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GLUCONEOGENESISBiosynthesis of glucose 3 4 carbon noncarbohydrate precursorsEnzymes located in the cytosolGluconeogenic organsLiver Kidney cortexFates Catabolism by nervous tissue Utilization by skeletal muscles
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GLUCONEOGENESISSUBSTRATES GLUCOGENIC AMINO ACIDSLACTATEGLYCEROLPROPIONATE
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PRECURSORSGLUCOSEFructose 1,6 - bisphosphateDihydroxyacetone phosphateGlyceraldehyde 3 - phosphateGLYCEROLPYRUVATEGlycerol 3 - phosphatePhosphoenolpyruvateOxaloacetateALANINELACTATEOther amino acidsPROPIONATESUCCINYL-CoA
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CORI CYCLESKELETAL MUSCLELIVERBLOODGLUCOSE2 PYRUVATE2 LACTATEGLUCOSE2 PYRUVATE2 LACTATE6 ATP2ATP
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PYRUVATEOXALOACETATEPEPPYRUVATELACTATEOAA
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GLUCOSE - ALANINE CYCLESKELETAL MUSCLELIVERBLOODGLUCOSE2 PYRUVATE2 ALANINEGLUCOSE2 PYRUVATE2 ALANINE6 ATP2ATP2NH22NH2UREA
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2 OxaloacetateGlucose 6 - phosphateGLUCOSE2 PYRUVATEFructose 6 - phosphateFructose 1,6 - bisphosphatePhosphoenolpyruvateATPATPATPATP2GTP2ATP2ATP2NADH2NADH12H2OH2O3
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BYPASS REACTIONS PYRUVATE to PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATEPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASEGenerates OXALOACETATEMitochondrial matrixATP DependentBIOTIN dependentACETYL CoA positive allosteric activator
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BYPASS REACTIONS PYRUVATE to PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASEDecarboxylation and phosphorylationCytosolReversibleGTP Dependent
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PEP CARBOXYKINASECO2OXALOACETATEPHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE
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BYPASS REACTIONS FRUCTOSE 1,6 BISPHOSPHATE to FRUCTOSE 6 - PHOSPHATEFRUCTOSE 1,6 - BISPHOSPHATASELIVERKIDNEYSKELETAL MUSCLE
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BYPASS REACTIONS GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE to GLUCOSEGLUCOSE 6 - PHOSPHATASEIrreversibleHydrolysisEndoplasmic reticulum of the liverAbsent in the brain and skeletal muscleRequires Mg+
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SUMMARY of REACTIONS
REACTANTSPRODUCTSPyruvate + CO2 + ATP +H2OOxaloacetate + ADP + PiOxaloacetate + GTPPhosphoenolpyruvate + GDPPhosphoenolpyruvate2 phosphoglycerate2 phosphoglycerate3 - phosphoglycerate3 phosphoglycerate + ATP1,3 bisphosphoglycerate1,3 bisphosphoglycerate + NADHGlyceraldehyde 3 PO4Glyceraldehyde 3 PO4Dihydroxyacetone PO4G3-P + DHAPFructose 1,6 bisphosphateFructose 1,6 bisphosphateFructose 6 phosphateFructose 6 phosphateGlucose 6 phosphateGlucose 6 phosphateGLUCOSE
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a 14 glycosidic bonda (16)glycosidic bondGLYCOGEN
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GLYCOGEN SYNTHESISGLYCOGENESISPhosphorylation of glucose Requires activated glucose UDP Glucose UDP Glu pyrophosphorylaseGLYCOGENIN 332 amino acids Self-glucosylating enzyme Glycogen primer
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GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE ReactionOHOGLYCOGENINGLYCOGEN + 1O
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GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS UDP - GLUCOSE Glucose 1 - PO4GLUCOSE 6 PO4GLUCOSEATPADPUTPPPiGLYCOGEN(Glucose)n(Glucose)n +1HEXOKINASEUDP-Glc PYROPHOSPHORYLASEPHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASEGLYCOGEN SYNTHASE
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BRANCH Formation a 1, 6 glycosidic bond Branching enzyme amylo 1,4 1,6 transglycosylase Transfers terminal residues 6 -7 residues
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GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS
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GLYCOGEN DEGRADATIONGLYCOGENOLYSIS Phosphorolysis Requires inorganic phosphate a 1, 4 glycosidic bond Glucose 1 - phosphate
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GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASEHOGLYCOGENGLYCOGEN - 1HPO4
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DEBRANCHING ENZYME
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GLYCOGENOLYSISH2O
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GLYCOGEN METABOLISMGlycogen breakdown requires the interplay of GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE, OLIGOTRANSFERASE, and a 1, 6 GLUCOSIDASEGlycogen is synthesized by a different pathway involving GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE and a BRANCHING ENZYME.SYNTHESIS and DEGRADATION are RECIPROCALLY REGULATED.
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CARBOHYDRATES