Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart...
-
Upload
louise-harvey -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart...
![Page 1: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence
Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence
Endangered Language Preservation and the Future
of Smart Machines
Simon D. LevyComputer Science DepartmentWashington & Lee University
Lexington, VA 24450http://www.cs.wlu.edu/~levy
Endangered Language Preservation and the Future
of Smart Machines
Simon D. LevyComputer Science DepartmentWashington & Lee University
Lexington, VA 24450http://www.cs.wlu.edu/~levy
![Page 2: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biodiversity and Pharmacology
![Page 3: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biodiversity and Pharmacology
![Page 4: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biodiversity and Pharmacology
![Page 5: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Biodiversity and Pharmacology
• Greatest plant biodiversity is in rainforests: 170,000 of the world's 250,000 known plant species.
• “We are trying to do biology knowing perhaps only a tenth, or one hundredth, of our species” – – Terry Gosliner, National Geographic
![Page 6: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Biodiversity and Pharmacology
• Among top 10 most ecologically diverse countries on earth
• Third highest deforestation rate (1.1%) in South America (http://www.mongabay.com)
![Page 7: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Biodiversity and Pharmacology
![Page 8: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Language: A Window on the Mind
• Affects how we think about the world
• Amazing variety of ways of saying the “same thing”
• Counter-intuitive constraints not derivable (?) from more general principles
![Page 9: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fallacies & Pitfalls
• “Eskimo has over 100
words for snow.”
•“Primitive” languages
•Turing equivalence vs. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
![Page 10: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Example: Transitive vs. Ergative Languages
• English:
He saw herShe saw him
• Basque (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative-absolutive_language):
Gizona etorri da."The man has arrived.“
Gizonak mutila ikusi du. "The man saw the boy."
![Page 11: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example: “Gender”
• English:
(1) Masculine
(2) Feminine
• Dyirbal (Dixon 1979):
(1) Animate objects, men
(2) Women, water, fire, violence
(3) Edible fruit and vegetables
(4) Miscellaneous
![Page 12: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example: Counting
Quantity !Kung Warlmanpa
1
r|e'e jinta
2
tsã jirrama
3
n!eni
4
![Page 13: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example: Counting
Quantity !Kung Warlmanpa Spanish English French
1
r|e'e jinta uno / pimero one / first un / premier
2
tsã jirrama dos / segundo two / second deux / deuxième
3
n!eni tres / tercero three / third trois / troisième
4
cuatro / cuarto four / fourth
quatre / quatrième
![Page 14: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Languages Are Also Disappearing
• “Of the more than 6,000 languages currently being spoken, fewer than half are likely to survive the [21st] century”
– Douglas Whalen, Endangered Language Fund
• Appears to correlate with biodiversity (Lisa Manne, Ecology & Evolutionary Research 2003)
![Page 15: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What Does This Have to Do with AI?
• AI is programs.
• Different programming languages express the same thing in different ways.• These differences constrain our ability to think about and solve
problems.
![Page 16: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What Does This Have to Do with AI?
public static int factorial(int n) {
// Java version
if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
return n * factorial(n-1);
}
![Page 17: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What Does This Have to Do with AI?
factorial(0, 1). % Prolog version
factorial(N, F) :-
N1 is N-1,
factorial(N1, F1),
F is N * F1.
![Page 18: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Classical AI View
• Artificial flying machines don’t work like natural flying machines (birds, bats), so why should artificial minds work like brains?
![Page 19: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
So Where are the Artificial Minds?
• To make machines that think, we need [pace Minsky] to understand how the human brain/mind works.
![Page 20: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Bigger Picture
• We can’t (just yet) directly study how the brain works.
![Page 21: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Bigger Picture
We can use phenomena like language to broaden our view of how the mind works (what would an “ergative programming language” look like?)
![Page 22: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Bigger Picture
The languages most likely to give us these insights are the ones that are most endangered.
![Page 23: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Let’s (Not) Get Carried Away…
![Page 24: Glossodiversity and Artificial Intelligence Endangered Language Preservation and the Future of Smart Machines Simon D. Levy Computer Science Department.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e715503460f94b6f116/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Links
• Endangered Language Fund: http://sapir.ling.yale.edu/~elf
• International Clearing House for Endangered Languages: http://www.tooyoo.l.utokyo.ac.jp/ichel/ichel.html