GLOSSARY OF PRINT TERMS

A

A-sizes: main series of finished printing trimmed sizes in the ISO international

paper size range.A0 - 841 x 1189mmA1 - 594 x 841mmA2 - 420 x 594mmA3 - 297 x 420mmA4 - 210 x 297mmA5 - 148 x 210mmA6 - 105 x 148mm

Acetates: clear overlay with black and/or colour type. Used for presenting covers

and concepts to client.

Additive Primaries: in reproduction, red, green and blue; at an equal share of

value they produce the sensation of white light.

Adhesive binding: (see also Perfect Binding) Type of threadless binding in

which the leaves of a book are held together at the binding edge by glue or syntheticadhesive (see also P.U.R. Binding).

Against the Grain: Folding paper at right angles to the grain direction of the

paper.

Artwork: text, graphic and illustrations arranged individually or in any combination

for subsequent printing. Very rare these days. Artwork is a bit of a misnomer as theyare computer-originated, and supplied as digitised data on a disk or other means ofelectronic data. It then goes to the Repro stage or reprographic colour separation touse its full title. This enables the separation to be printed in the four basic printingprocess colours (cyan, magenta, yellow and black).

Ascender: In typesetting, the part of a lower case letter which rises above the

main body, as in the letter "d".

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. This is a standard

coding system within the computer industry to convert keyboard input into digitalinformation. It covers all of the printable characters in normal use and controlcharacters such as carriage return and line feed. The full table contains 127 elements.

Author ’s Corrections: Corrections made by the author on proofs, that alter

the original copy. The cost of making such alterations is charged for, in contrast toprinter ’s errors or house corrections.

B

B sizes: ISO international sizes intended primarily for posters, wall charts and

similar items where difference in size of the larger sheets in the A series representstoo large a gap.

B0 – 1000 x 1414mmB1 – 707 x 1000mmB2 – 500 x 707mmB3 – 353 x 500mmB4 – 250 x 353mmB5 – 176 x 250mm

Backing Up: Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one side.

Binding Editions: detailed documents, supplied by client, which include

binding directions, cover information, ink-jet keys, postage or address information,inserts and wrap information, quantity and mailing dates.

Bimetallic: Plate in lithography, a plate used for long runs. The printing image

base is usually copper and the non-printing area is aluminium or stainless steel.

Bind-in Order Forms: (a.k.a. mail order blanks or MOB'S) binds into the

centre of the book or is part of the wrap cover.

Bit: In computers, the basic unit of digital information. It is a contraction of. BInary

digiT (BIT).

Bit Map: In computer imaging, the electronic representation of a page, indicating

the position of every possible spot from 0 to 100 and rest from other document.

Black and White: Originals or reproductions in single colour.

Blade coated mechanical: The base uncoated stock is covered in a wet

coating and the excess is removed by a thin flexible metal blade leaving a uniform thingloss coating on both sides of the paper. Generally off-white in colour.

Blanket: In offset printing, a rubber surfaced fabric that is clamped around a plate

cylinder.

Bleed: When the printed image extends beyond the trimmed area of a page.

Blind Embossing: A design, which gives a bas-relief effect, without ink.

Block: In binding, to impress or stamp a design upon the cover. The design can be

blocked in coloured inks, or metal foil.

Blowup: A photographic enlargement.

Blueprint/Blue-line: in web-offset lithography, a photoprint made from strippedup

negatives or positives used to proof check the position of an image on the pageand imposition generally. I'm not sure what it means either.

Bond Paper: A grade in writing or printing paper; usually used for letterheads or

business forms.

BPOP: Bulk Packed on Pallets - A method of packing finished printed products in

which they are not wrapped in parcels but stacked onto pallets, usually turned in equalquantities. Finished pallets are then wrapped in plastic film.

Broadsheet: Any sheet in its basic size (not folded or cut); also denotes a

newspaper size.

Bromide: A photographic paper used in graphic reproduction, phototypesetting on

which a photographic image is created.

Bulk: Relative thickness of a sheet or sheets, for example, a bulky paper and a thin

paper both of the same weight display different "bulk" or ' 'thickness''.

Bump Exposure: in the plateroom, an exposure in halftone especially with

contact screens, in which the screen is removed for a short time; this increaseshighlight contrast and drops out the dots in the whites.

C

Camera Ready: art or copy ready for reproduction.

Case: in bookbinding, the covers of a hardbound book.

CD-ROM: an acronym used for Compact Disc Read-Only-Memory. A CD-ROM

drive uses the CD format as a computer storage medium.

Cheating-the-Plate: Usually a fall back position when you’re not getting

anywhere on press. By either under exposing a new plate (making more dot andtherefore colour be there) or over exposing the plate (lessening the dot and thereforecolour a press) tr ying to get an acceptable result. Not ideal but has saved many onoccasion. More difficult with CTP.

CMYK: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key(black) subtractive primary colours - used as

the basic colours in the printing industry.

Coated Stock: paper having a surface coating which produces a smooth finish.

Cold colour: in printing, a colour with, a bluish cast.

Colour Correction: any method, such as masking, dot-etching or scanning,

used to improve colour rendition.

Colour Proofing: this term describes a wide range of techniques which have

been developed to reproduce full colour images from film or digital data available,prior to the actual print run; thus allowing the client, colour separation house andprinter to view the “proofed” result, prior to the actual print run.

Colour Separation: in photography, the process of separating colour originals

into the primary printing colour components, in negative or positive form.

Concertina fold: a method of alternate folding, so that when opened out the

finished product is folded in a zigzag fashion. Rather like a, er, concertina.

Contact Print: a photographic print made from a negative or positive in contact

with sensitised paper, film or printing plate.

Continuous Tone: a photographic image which contains gradient tones from

black to white

Contract Proof: a coloured, hard copy representation of the printed image,

made from the films, which will be used to make the final printing plates. The word“contract” comes from the fact that, when signed by the client, a contract is formed,which states that the final printed job should be a close match to the contract proof.

Contrast: The tonal gradation between the highlights, middle tone and shadows in

an original or reproduction.

Cromalin: an off-press electrostatic colour proof. DuPont trademark used as a

generic term, rather like Hoover for electrostatic proofs generally.

Crop: to eliminate portions of copy or art indicated on an original by cropmarks.

Crossover: when a photograph crosses gutter from one page to another.

CTP: Computer on to Plate. A fully digital way of producing Plates where digital files

are manipulated in to the dot formation needed to print from and then a Plate isproduced from this.

Curl: in paper, the distortion of a sheet due to differences in structure or coatings

from one side to the other or absorption of moisture on an offset press.

Cut-Off: in web offset printing, the cut or print length.

D

Daylight Studio: studio shot which uses outdoor light or natural light.

Deckle Edge: The untrimmed feathery edges of paper formed where the pulp

flows against the edge.

Demographic binding: a way of using client data to ink-jet variable data onto

a brochure/catalogue/magazine on the binding line.

Densitometer: a device for measuring the colour density at a specific location on

film or printed product, either by reflected or transmitted light.

Density: the degree of darkness of an image.

Descender: that part of a lower case letter which extends below the main body as

in the letter q

Desktop publishing: A generic title given to the introduction of personal

computers (PC) to typesetting, page composition and image handling. Apple Mac andQuark Express are to preferred hardware/software in the industry.

Die-Cutting: the process of using sharp steel rules to cut special shapes.

Diestamping: An intaglio process of printing in which the resultant impression

stands out in relief above the surface of the stamped material, either coloured (usinginks) or blind (that is, without colour): relief stamping.

Digital Colour Proofs: an off-press colour proof produced from digital data

without the need for separated films.

Direct Imaging: A term used with presses that need no plates, as the image to

be printed is in fact created within the press, usually by laser onto a sasitised

roller.Dithering: a technique of filling the gap between two pixels with another

Pixel having an average value of the two to minimise the difference or add detail tosmooth the result.

Dot: the individual element in both halftones and four colour process printing.

Dot Etching: In separations, chemically reducing halftone dots to vary the

amount of colour to be printed; dot etching on negatives increases colour, dot etchingon positives reduces colour.

Dot Gain: In printing, a defect in which dots print larger than they should, causing

darker tones and stronger colours.

Doubling: The appearance on a printed product of the non-coincidental images

obtained at one impression.

Dots Per Inch (dpi): a measure of resolution on the printed page.

Drawn-on Cover: a paper book cover which is attached to the sewn book by

gluing the spine.

Duotone: a two-colour halftone reproduction from a one-colour photograph.

Dummy: a sample of a proposed job made up with the actual materials and cut to

the correct size to show bulk, style of binding etc. Also a complete layout of a jobshowing position of type matter and illustrations, margins etc. Pain in the backside toevery printer known to mankind, and therefore getting them has a similar timescale tothat of a Humpback whale gestation period. Unless you use WebMart®. Next day toyou Sir/Madam!

Duplex Paper: a paper with a different colour or finish on each side

E

Electrostatic Proofs: Off press colour proofs produced from film and coloured

toner.

Elliptical Dot: in halftone photography, elongated dots which give improved

gradation of tones particularly in middle tones and vignettes.

Embossing: impressing an image in relief to attain a raised surface.

Emulsion Side: the side of film coated with silver halide emulsion.

F

First Proof: Refers to type proofs which are submitted to the client for approval.

Fit: A colloquial way of referring to the accurate position of one colour on top of

another on a printed sheet.

Flash Exposure: in photography, the supplementary exposure given to

strengthen the dots in the shadow areas of negatives.

Flexography: A relief process in which printing is done from rubber or plastic on

a web-fed press using liquid inks.

Flying Imprinter: a press furnished with a special unit which allows for one

plate to be changed on a press without stopping the machine. It saves time/waste andtherefore cost.

Fog: in photography, silver density in the non-image areas

Folio: the page number.

Form: in offset lithography, the assembly of pages and other images for printing.

Four-colour Process: Colour printing by means of three subtractive primary

colours (yellows, magenta, cyan) and black superimposed; the colours of the originalhaving been separated by a photographic or electronic process.

FOB: an acronym (Freight On Board) used to detail the location where an item is to

ship.

FPO: an acronym (For Position Only) used in mechanical presentation to identify the

crop specifications on a specific piece of composition.

G

Gathering: in binding, the assembling of folded signatures in proper sequence.

Ghosting: l ightening of film area; taking down of colour value by a percentage so

that type can be surprinted.

Grain: in papermaking, the direction in which most fibre’s lie. Tear any piece of

paper and it will have one direction where it tears in a straight line (the grain direction)and one where it doesn't (across the grain).

Gravure: process in which recesses on a printing cylinder are filled with ink and

the surplus removed by a blade. The paper contacts the cylinder and ‘ lifts’ the ink fromthe recesses before depositing it on the paper. Generally used for long-run printing,e.g. magazines and catalogues, because of the high cost of the cylinders.

Grey Balance: the dot values of CMYK that produce a neutral grey.

GSM: abbreviation of grams per square metre. A method of indicating the

substance of paper or board (whatever the size of the paper/board or number ofsheets in the package) on the basis of weight. If unsure about the weight, use a set ofpaper (or Demi to use the paper name) scales to accurately ascertain it.

Gut-feel: essential management tool for indepth analysis of a particular situation to

come up with a rational solution, usually confirmed in its efficiency by the passage oftime. In particular demand when it comes to press buying decisions in the UK.

Gutter: the blank space or inner margin from printing area to binding.

H

Halftone: the reproduction of continuous-tone artwork.

Hickeys: in offset lithography, spots or imperfection in the printing due to such

things as dirt on the press, dried ink skin, paper particles, etc.

Honda-Interface: Bedraggled individuals which make the pragmatic link the

client-side and supply-side demands. Deathdefying in their commitment to move fagpacket tranny from one side of London to the other for 32p per mile! Use FTP - it'seasier, cheaper and less likely to get damaged!

I

Impression: in printing, the pressure of a type plate or blanket as it comes in

contact with paper.

Imposition: Arrangement of pages in a sequence which will read consecutively

when printed sheet is folded.

In-house: internally handles the functions of an agency or service.

ISDN: Basically a telephone line which can transmit digital data. Slowly and with

little accountability.

J

Jog: to align sheets of paper into a compact pile.

K

Kerning: in typesetting, the space between two characters.

Keyline: in artwork, an outline drawing of finished art to indicate the exact shape,

position and size for such elements as halftones, line sketches, etc.

Kiss Impression: in printing, a very light impression, just enough to produce an

image on paper.

L

Lamination: a plastic film bonded by heat and pressure to a printed sheet for

protection.

Landscape: oblong loose or folded printed sheet, or book, having its long sides at

head and foot.

Laser: l ight implification by Simulated Emission of Radiation – a fine beam of light,

sometimes with considerable energy, used in imagesetting, colour scanning, copyscanning, platemaking, engraving and cutting and creasing form-making.

Layout: a rendering done in ink of the position and size of the art and type;

completed by Art Director upon the instructions of the client.

Leaders: in composition, rows of dashes or dots to guide the eye across the page;

used in tabular work, programs, tables of contents, etc.

Leading: in composition, the distance between lines of type, measured in points.

Limp Cover: a flexible book cover, as distinct from a stiff board cover.

Line Copy: copy suitable for reproduction without using a halftone screen.

Lithographic printing: A process in which the printing and non-printing

surfaces are on the same plane and the substrate makes contact with the wholesurface. The printing part of the surface is treated to receive and transmit ink to thepaper, usually via a blanket, the non-printing surface is treating to attract water andthus rejects ink from the ink roller, which touches the surface.

Long grain press: a press where the longest side of the finished product runs

parallel to the grain of the paper.

Loose Insert: A piece of paper or card laid between the leaves of a

brochure/magazine and not secured in anyway.

M

M: abbreviation for a quantity of 1,000 sheets of paper.

Makeready: in printing, all work done to set up a press for printing.

Manifest: a record of all outgoing merchandise.

Mask: in colour separation photography, an intermediate photographic negative or

positive used in colour correction.

Matt Finish: dull paper finish, without gloss or luster.

Mechanical: a term for a camera-ready paste-up of artwork. It includes type,

photos, line art, etc., all on one piece of artboard.

Media code: letter designated to identify each book and each version; client

supplies them and lists them in the binding edition.

Machine finished (MF): any finish obtained on a papermaking machine. It

can refer to either the finish on the sheet as it leaves the last drying cylinder of themachine, or the finish given to a sheet by calendering, but on machine.

Middle Tones: the tonal range between highlights and shadows of a photograph

or reproduction.

Moire: in colour process printing, the undesirable screen pattern caused by

incorrect screen angles overprinting halftones.

Mortise: white panel or box where 4 colours have been removed from film to hold

type.

Mottle: the spotty or uneven appearance of printing, mostly in solid areas.

Mylar: in offset preparation, a polyester film specially suited for stripping positives.

N

O

Offset: in printing, the process of using an intermediate blanket cylinder to transfer

an image from the image carrier to the substrate.

Original: the term applied to copy which is to be reproduced.

Overprinting: double printing, printing over an area the already has been

printed.

Overs: The quantity of unit production, for example, books and sheets, delivered to

the customer above the net amount ordered, usually charged at a run-on rate; also anallowance to cover wastage.

P

Pagination: The amount of pages to be produced. In computerised typesetting,

the process of performing page makeup automatically. In printing, the amount ofpages within the finished printed piece.

Pantone: Pantone, Pantone Matching System and PMS + are Pantone Inc’s

check-standard trademarks for colour standards, colour data, colour reproduction andcolour reproduction materials, and other colour related products and services, meetingits specifications, control and quality requirements.

Part Mechanical: A paper containing up to 50% mechanical pulp, the

remainder being chemical pulp.

PDF: Portable Document Format - The industry standard for saving files in an

acceptable format. Quick cheap and increasingly stable. Good news when combinedwith FTP.

Perfect Bound: A way of adhesive binding multi-section jobs. Individual

sections are collected together and the spine is ground off (typically 3mm). Glue isthen applied to the spine and a cover pulled on before the product is trimmed to size.

Perfecting Press: a printing press that prints both sides of the paper in one

pass through the press.

Pica: printer's unit of measurement used in typesetting; one pica equals

approximately 1/6 of an inch.

Pick-up Page: an exact pickup page is a page that is picked up intact from a

previous book, with no additional devices, no change in photos, crop marks, etc.

Piling: in printing, the building up or caking of ink on rollers, plate or blanket; not

also, the accumulation of paper dust or coating on the blanket of offset press.

Pin Register: the use of accurately positioned holes and special pins on copy,

film, plates and presses to insure proper register or fit of colours.

Pixel: in electronic imaging, a basic unit of digital imaging.

Plate Cylinder: the cylinder of a press on which the plate is mounted.

Portrait: an upright, oblong artwork or photograph where vertical dimension is

greater than the horizontal.

PostScript: a page description language (PDL) developed by Adobe, which

describes the contents and layout of a page. PostScript also serves as a programminglanguage whereby the PostScript code is executed by a PostScript RIP in the outputdevice in order to produce a printout or film containing the page.

Pre-Press: all procedures (and costs) associated with bringing a job to press,

without actually producing a copy.

Press Proofs: in colour reproduction, a proof of a colour subject made on a

printing press, in advance of the production run.

Primary Colours: see Additive Primaries.

Process Printing: the printing from a series of two or more halftone plates to

produce intermediate colours and shades.

Progressive Proofs (Progs): proofs made from the separate plates in

colour process work, showing the sequence of printing and the result after eachadditional colour has been applied.

Proof: a version of a document or colour illustration produced specifically for the

purpose of review prior to reproduction.

PUR Binding: same process as perfect binding, but use a synthetic adhesive

(PolyUrethane React) rather than conventional glue. Offers greater flexibility andlongevity of the finished product.

Q

Quality: the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear

on its ability to satisfy a given need or requirement; also describes as “ fitness forpurpose” or value for money as perceived by the customer.

R

Ragged Left: in typesetting, type that is justified on the right margin and ragged

on the left

Ragged Right: in typesetting, type that is justified on the left margin and ragged

on the right.

Ram Bundled: a way of presenting finished printed products comprising copies

strapped together very tightly with end-boards to make them more suitable formachine inserting.

Ream: five hundred sheets of paper.

Reel: term used for continuous roll of printing paper

Reel Width: side to side dimension for a reel of paper

Register: in printing, fitting of two or more printing images in exact alignment.

Register Marks: crosses or other targets applied to original copy prior to

photography; used for positioning films in register, or to register two or more colours inprocess printing.

RGB: red, green, blue additive primary colours. Have to be converted to CMYK at

the pre-press stage prior to printing 4 colour process.

Rotary Trimmed: a way of trimming on-press without the copy being stationary

of the time.

Right-Angle Fold/Quarter fold: in binding, two or more folds at 90

degrees to each other.

Rub off code: see media code

Run-Around: in composition, type set to fit around a picture or other design

element. Also what a customers feels when the supplier they use is in a productionmeeting. Use WebMart®. Someone will always be able to help!

S

Saddle stitch: in binding, to fasten a booklet by wiring it through the middle fold

of the sheets.

Safelight: in photography, the special darkroom lamp used for illumination without

fogging sensitised materials.

Scaling: determining the proper size of an image to fit an area.

Scanner: an electronic devise used in the making of colour and tone-corrected

separations of images.

Score: to impress or indent a mark with a string or rule in the paper, to make folding

easier.

Screened Print: in photography, a print with a halftone screen made from a

halftone negative or by diffusion transfer.

Sealer Varnish: A transparent coating that is applied on top of the printed

paper to ''seal'' the ink (to tr y and stop it rubbing). It makes the end product rubresistant.

Section: see Signature

Selective Binding: by demographically binding a printed product this data

triggers the appropriate sections from a range of available sections automatically toproduce a product unique to that data input (and therefore more relevant to the endrecipient).

Serif: the short cross-lines at the ends of the main strokes of letters in some type

faces.

Short grain press: a press where the shortest side of the finished product runs

parallel to the grain of the paper.

Shrink wrap: method of packing printed products by surrounding them with

plastic, then shrinking by heat.

Signature: in printing and binding, the name given to a printed sheet after it has

been folded. Also called a section.

Slurring: Image distortion caused by dragging on the printing machine.

Alternatively an alcohol induced client after the press pass has gone back over eighthours.

Soft Dot: in separations, a dot is called "soft" when the halation or fringe around

the dot is excessive; conversely, when the fringe is so slight as to be barely noticeableand the dot is very sharp, it is called hard.

Spine glued: A method of putting a thin line of glue into the spine of a section,

allowing it to be finished on press.

Spiral Binding: a book bound with wires in spiral form inserted through holes

punched along the binding.

Spot varnish: A way of highlighting an area of a page by selectively applying a

varnish to it.

SRA:SRA0 – 900 x 1280mmSRA1 – 640 x 900mmSRA2 – 450 x 640mmSRA3 – 320 x 450mmSRA4 – 225 x 320mm

Step-and-Repeat: in photomechanical, the procedure of multiple exposure of

an image by stepping it in position according to a predetermined layout or program.

Stock: paper or other material to be printed.

Stochastic screening: also known as FM (Frequency Modulated) screening.

With conventional halftone screening, the variable dot size formed, creates the opticalillusion of various tonal values; however, the dot centre pitch distance is constant. Inthe case of FM screening systems, the dots are randomly distributed to create thistonal change illusion. The greater the number of dots located within a specific area,the darker the resultant tone. The dots produced in this way are usually smaller thanconventional halftone dots, resulting in improved definition, although greater care andattention to detail is required in platemaking stage.

Stripping: in offset lithography, the positioning of negatives (or positives) on a flat

to compose a page or layout for platemaking.

Substrate: the piece of material printed.

Subtractive Primaries: yellow, magenta and cyan, the colours used for

process colour printing inks. See CMYK.

Surprint: in photomechanics, exposure from a second negative or flat

superimposed on an exposed image of a previous negative or flat.

Swatching/Swatchbook: a swatch is a small piece of material provided by

the client (or taken from the actual merchandise), used to match the transparency tothe actual colour of the merchandise.

T

Tack: in printing inks, the property of cohesion between particles; the separation

force ofink needed for proper transfer and trapping on a multicolour press.

Text: the copy of a page or book, as distinguished from the headings.

Tints: mechanical shading in line areas, normally available in 5% steps from 5% to

95%.

Tolerances: the specification of acceptable variations in register, density, dot

size, plate or paper thickness, concentration of chemicals and other printingparameters.

Tranny: abbreviation of transparency for people who cannot spell the correct word

or who are linguistically lazy.

Transparency: a photographic film that has been developed. 30+ year olds will

remember them best as the things ever, your Mum and Dad hold their entire record ofyour childhood on and possibly never to be seen again as the AGFA slide projectorbulb went in 1981 and they don’t make them any more. I ’m rambling now.

Trapping: in printing, the ability to print a wet ink film over previously printed ink.

Dry trapping is printing wet ink over dry ink. Wet trapping is printing wet ink overpreviously printed wet ink.

Trim Marks: in printing, marks placed on the copy to indicate the trimmed edge of

the paper.

U

Undercut: in printing presses, the difference between the radius of the cylinder

bearers and the cylinder body, to allow for plate (or blanket) and packing thickness.

-Up: in printing, two-up, three-up, etc., refer to material to be printed on a larger size

sheet to take advantage of full press capacity.

UV Varnish: a thin coating applied to a printed sheet for protection and

appearance dried immediately by UV light.

V

Varnishing: To apply oil, synthetic, spirit, cellulose or water varnish to printed

matter by hand or machine to enhance its appearance or increase its durability.

Vellum Finish: in papermaking, a toothy finish which is relatively absorbent for

fast ink penetration.

Vignette: an illustration in which the background fades gradually away until it

blends into the unprinted paper.

Viscosity: in printing inks, a broad term encompassing the properties of tack and

flow.

W

Warm Colour: in printing, a colour with a yellowish or reddish cast.

Web: a roll of paper used in web or rotary printing.

Web Offset: Same description as offset using a continuous web of paper.

Web Press: a press which prints on roll or web-fed paper. The fun side of

printing. And quite noisy (the presses opposed to us. Well both thinking about it)

Web proofs: See press proof

WebMart: The place where dreams come true (okay maybe not the dreams but

certainly the Best print at the Best Price) we also happen to be the UK's leadingWebOffset print management specialist so give us a call.

Widow: in composition, a single word in a line by itself, ending a paragraph or

starting a page.

Wire-0 Binding: a continuous double series of wire loops run through punched

slots along the binding side of a booklet.

With the Grain: folding or feeding paper into a press parallel to the grain of

paper.

Wood free: paper free of mechanical wood pulp.

Work and Tumble: to print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn it over from

gripper to back using the same side guide and plate to print the second side. Also, aWebMart®employee after passing in East Kilbride all night, but has to be in London by9.30am the next day. It has been done.

Work and Turn: to print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn it over from left

to right and print the second side using the same gripper and plate but opposite sideguide. Term only used in sheetfed litho, as web always Perfects. And is more fun.

XYZ