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Glossary

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Term Definition

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<PREV. The <PREV. (previous) button takes the search backwards one step, removes the last query change.

3-Jaw Gear Puller Tool used to remove gears without puller holes.

AAPS Ambient Air Pressure Sensor

AATS Ambient Air Temperature Sensor

A-Bank See Left-Bank

Abrasive Cleaning Material Material that use abrasives to remove debris.

Abrasive Particles Abrasive particles are particles that can cause damage to an engines` parts through abrasion, like dust and dirt.

Abrasive Wear A type of wear that occurs when solid, fine or course particles such as dirt or debris are rolled or slid under pressure across the surface of a part, or when a part`s hard surface rubs across the surface of another part.

Absolute Pressure Total or true pressure. Gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure.

Absolute Pressure Sensor Pressure sensor whose reading includes atmospheric pressure. See also Absolute Sensor.

Absolute Sensor Sensor that includes the atmospheric pressure in its reading. This sensor provides a reading of approximately 14.7psi at sea level when reading atmospheric pressure.

AC Alternating Electric Current

Accelerator Interlock The Accelerator Interlock feature forces the engine to idle whenever the engine is not running in Power Take-Off (or Remote Power Take-Off) mode.

Accelerator Limp Home Feature that provides the ability to continue equipment operation after an accelerator failure occurs.

Accelerator Options The Accelerator Options feature allows the user to enable or disable the Primary accelerator pedal or lever and the remote Accelerator Pedal or lever.

Accelerator Pedal/Lever Position Sensors

The hall-effect throttle uses two sensors to monitor the position of the throttle pedal or lever. Each of the two hall-effect throttle sensors provides a different signal to the ECM. If the primary signal is lost the ECM will use the secondary throttle signal to continue engine operation.

Accelerator Position Sensor Sensor used to determine the relative position of the accelerator pedal.

Accelerator Type Parameter display that indicates the type of accelerator installed on the vehicle.

Account Codes Used to identify the type of claim being submitted for approval.

Accumulator The fuel storage area located in each injector to eliminate pressure pulsations and improve stability.

Acrylonitrile A colorless, flammable, poisonous, carcinogenic liquid, C3H3N, used for the production of polymers and copolymers, as rubbers, fibers, and clear plastics for beverage containers

Active Aftertreatment System Active systems contain functional actuators of various types that must be controlled electronically in order for the system to provide the required level of emission reduction. This system utilizes the continuous injection of a chemical upstream of the catalyst to reduce NOx emissions.

Active Faults A fault that is currently out of range or that was out of range the last time the engine was operated

Active Regeneration A form of regeneration that is used when the soot is collected in the DPF faster than it can be oxidized and is controlled by the engine`s ECM. The engine control system commands aftertreatment fuel injection to increase the exhaust temperatures.

Actuator A hydraulic, pneumatic (vacuum), electric, thermal, magnetic, or mechanical device that is responsible for controlling a mechanism or system.

Actuator Control Valve The Actuator Control Valve controls the air pressure to the turbocharger actuator.

Actuator Rail Common fuel passage in the IFSM that supplies fuel to the four fuel actuators.

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Term Definition

Add Attachment Link Selecting the add attachment link will open a file entry area. You can browse to find a file that you want to attach, and then save it with the diagnostic session.

Add Note Link Selecting the add note link will open up a text box to enter a new note.

Additive Package A mix of supplemental lubricant additives carried by the base oil to protect engine parts from wear, corrosion, and deposits.

Adhesive Wear Localized bonding between contacting surfaces that leads to material transfer from one surface to the other or loss of material from either surface.

Adjustable Idler Gear Type of idler gear where the position of the gear relative to the other gears is adjustable. This adjustment is used to control gear lash.

Adjustable Low Idle Speed The Adjustable Low Idle Speed feature can reduce the amount of fuel burned or decrease cab noise and vibration.

Adjustable Parameters Criteria in the vehicle operating system that can be adjusted or enabled and disabled (turned ON or OFF) with the INSITE service tool.

Adjustments Password ECM password used to make changes to the adjustable parameters.

Administrative Procedure Common methods used for filing a claim under a Cummins program.

Adobe Acrobat Reader Software Software used to view PDF documents. http://www.adobe.com/

Advanced Injection Timing Injection that occurs earlier in the compression stroke when compared to base timing. With advanced timing the start of injection occurs at a crank angle degrees before top dead center (BTDC).

Advanced Timing Injection or ignition that occurs earlier in the compression stroke when compared to base timing. With advanced timing the start of injection or ignition occurs at a crank angle before top dead center (BTDC).

Aft Back end of a vessel.

Aftercooler A heat exchanger that reduces the temperature of the air entering the cylinders.

Aftertreatment A method of controlling exhaust emissions with the use of a catalyst or, filter installed in the exhaust system.

Aftertreatment Catalyst or (DOC) Type of passive Aftertreatment System that is a simple flow-through system containing a catalyst that converts hydrocarbons (HCs) and NOx to NO2 and water (H2O).

Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit The Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit is used to properly and precisely meter a mixture of catalyst reagent (DEF) and air into the exhaust stream immediately upstream of the catalyst.

Aftertreatment DEF Nozzle The Aftertreatment DEF Nozzle sprays the DEF solution into the exhaust stream.

Aftertreatment DEF Solution Tank The Aftertreatment DEF Solution Tank is the container that stores the DEF prior to injection into the exhaust system.

Aftertreatment DEF Tank Heater The Aftertreatment DEF Tank Heater uses coolant to heat the DEF solution in the Aftertreatment DEF Solution Tank.

Aftertreatment DEF Tank Quality/Temperature/Level Sensor

See Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Quality/Temperature/Level Sensor

Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature/Level Sensor


Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Dosing Unit

The Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Dosing Unit is used to properly and precisely meter catalyst reagent (diesel exhaust fluid) into the exhaust stream immediately upstream of the catalyst.

Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Dosing Valve

The Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Dosing Valve sprays the diesel exhaust fluid solution into the exhaust stream.

Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank

The Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank is the container that stores the diesel exhaust fluid prior to injection into the exhaust system.

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Term Definition

Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Quality/Temperature/Level Sensor

The Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Quality/Temperature/Level Sensor mounted in the diesel exhaust fluid tank is used to communicate to the ECM the diesel exhaust fluid properties, temperature and level of the fluid in the tank.

Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Temperature/Level Sensor


Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Differential Pressure Sensor

The Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter Differential Pressure Sensor is used to read the differential and outlet pressure of the diesel particulate filter.

Aftertreatment Inline Air Filter The SCR system requires that an inline air filter be installed between the OEM air supply and the SCR system’s air supply solenoid to prevent damage or contamination of the SCR system air injection or control components.

Aftertreatment Intake (Inlet) NOx Sensor

Sensor used to monitor NOx levels entering the aftertreatment selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.

Aftertreatment Interface Connection

The Aftertreatment Interface Connection is a SCR 14-pin or 24-pin Connector.

Aftertreatment Monitor Unit Electronic system that performs the monitoring and diagnostic function for the Aftertreatment System and signals dash-mounted warning lamps

Aftertreatment Outlet NOx Sensor Sensor used to monitor NOx levels leaving the aftertreatment selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.

Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst The Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst contains an element constructed of a cordierite monolith substrate that is used in the reduction of nitrogen oxides produced by the engine, the aftertreatment SCR catalyst element also works to reduce particulate emissions from the engine.

Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst Intake Temperature Sensor

Temperature sensor used to measure the temperature of the exhaust as it enters the catalyst.

Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst Outlet Temperature Sensor

Temperature sensor used to measure the temperature of the exhaust as it exits the catalyst.

Aftertreatment SCR Intermediate NH3 Sensor

The Aftertreatment SCR Intermediate NH3 Sensor monitors the real time conversion of NH3, ammonia, in the exhaust.

Aftertreatment Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst

The Aftertreatment Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst contains an element constructed of a cordierite monolith substrate that is used in the reduction of nitrogen oxides produced by the engine, the aftertreatment selective catalytic reduction catalyst element also works to reduce particulate emissions from the engine.

Aftertreatment Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst Intermediate Temperature Sensor

See Aftertreatment SCR Intermediate NH3 Sensor

Aftertreatment Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst Outlet Temperature Sensor

See Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst Outlet Temperature Sensor

Aftertreatment Systems Exhaust system components used to reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines.

Aftertreatment Temperature Sensors

The Aftertreatment Temperature Sensors are required to ensure that the entire catalyst has warmed to the correct operating temperature for the dosing to begin.

Agricultural Application Engines installed in mobile equipment designed for and used in farming non-highway use; does not include equipment used for logging.

Ahead A vessel moving in a forward motion is moving ahead.

Air Regulator Used to transport the Urea into the exhaust stream.

Air Solenoid Used to transport the Urea into the exhaust stream.

Air System Any part of the engine that delivers air from one part of the engine to another.

Air/Fuel Ratio Quantitative relation between the air and fuel to be delivered for combustion.

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Air/Oil Filter Separator The Air/oil filter separator prevents damage or contamination of the SCR systems air components.

Air-to-Air Aftercooling The process of passing fresh intake air that has been heated by turbocharging through a cooler. The intake air transfers heat to ambient air flowing over the cooler.

Algorithm Software stored in the ECM that is used to establish a step-by-step procedure to determine a value based on inputs from engine sensors. This value is used to provide output to various devices on the engine.

All Speed Governor (Formerly known as: Variable Speed Governor) Electronic governor type that provides aggressive speed holding capability. Small changes in pedal position result in large gains in torque. This governor type attempts to hold engine speed constant for a given accelerator position, with varying engine loads.

Alloying Elements Elements added to base materials (e.g. iron, steel) to modify the properties of these base materials (i.e. improve strength, wear resistance).

Alternate Droop Feature that determines the droop characteristics when the engine is operating at the optional droop settings.

Alternate Droop Switch Type Adjustable parameter that indicates to the ECM whether the alternate droop switch is a one, two or three position switch.

Alternate Idle Speed Adjustable parameter that sets a second idle speed.

Alternate Torque See Alternate Torque Curve

Alternate Torque Curve Feature that allows the operator to switch between the 100% torque curve and an alternate torque curve using an OEM installed switch.

Alternating Current The electrons flow first in one direction in the circuit and then in the opposite direction at regular time intervals.

Alternator A power source that supplies electrical force necessary to cause electrical current flow in a circuit.

Altitude Derate Feature that automatically derates the engine fueling based on the barometric pressure.

ALT-Tab Keyboard key combination used in Windows to switch between open windows or programs.

Aluminum Oxide Particles Particles use in some cleaning materials that are harder than engine components.

Ambient Air Pressure Sensor The Ambient Air Pressure Sensor allows the ECM to determine the atmospheric pressure.

Ambient Air Temperature Outside air temperature.

Ambulance An automotive application in emergency response vehicles; generally municipally owned, and operated by hospitals or other organizations; a non-fire department operated piece of equipment.

Amidships Middle of a vessel.

Ammeter A tool used to measure current flow in a circuit.

AMOX Brick Ammonia reduction slip catalyst brick.

Ampere The unit of measure for current flow.

Amplitude Amount of displacement from a resting point.

Anchor Windlass Winch used to lower and raise the anchor and chain aboard the vessel.

Annealing Heating and cooling process used to relieve cooling stress or stresses induced by cold working and to soften the steel so as to improve its formability or machinability.

Anti-drainback Valve Installed between the lift pump and the gear pump this valve opens when the gear pump begins to draw fuel. When the gear pump stops this valve closes, holding fuel in the line and helping to keep the system primed.

Anti-Wear Agents Lubricant additives that form protective films on the microscopic peaks and projections inherent to metal surfaces, thereby reducing friction and microscopic welding.

Applied Stress A pushing, pulling, or twisting load placed on a component by an external source.

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ARB Air Resources Board

ART GAPS An acronym to aid in remembering the types of SRTs A - Administrative SRTs R - Repair SRTs T - Troubleshooting SRTs G - Groups A - Accessibility Codes P - Procedures S – Sometimes Steps (on Troubleshooting SRTs)

Articulated Piston Two piece piston assembly consisting of a crown and a skirt. The piston assembly is typically held together using the piston pin.

Asbestos A fibrous mineral, either amphibole or chrysotile, formerly used for making incombustible or fireproof articles

Ash The minute amount of particulate matter that is left after oxidation.

Asphaltines A component of asphalt that are generally insoluble and are present to some extent in all diesel fuels

Assembly Diagram A type of diagram that shows the physical relationship of components for the purpose of manufacture or repair without including electrical information related to the function or troubleshooting of the system.

Astern A vessel moving in reverse motion is moving astern.

Atmosphere a) The blanket of air surrounding the earth b) A unit of pressure equal to 14.7 lbs. per square inch at sea level, and less at higher elevations

Atom The building blocks that create all matter. Atoms are made up of three basic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Atomization See atomize

Atomize To reduce to minute particles or to a fine spray.

Attachment Table The attachments table displays any attachments in the diagnostic session.

Authorized Repair Locations Repair locations authorized by Cummins to perform repairs on Cummins engines or parts.

Automatic Boost Power Feature that allows engine operation in a higher torque curve than is typically used.

Automotive Application Engines marketed by Cummins as automotive models which provide main propulsion for vehicles licensed for on-highway use; also includes all single and dual engine applications in cranes, excavators and drills used for on-highway propulsion.

Automotive Governor Electronic governor type that attempts to maintain a constant engine torque for a given accelerator position. This type of governor requires more operator interaction, but provides improved “feel”. This type of governor is also referred to as a “Min/Max” Governor.

Auxiliary Governor Control The auxiliary governor control is an application-specific feature that allows the engine to be governed by either an auxiliary speed or pressure signal.

Back / Forward Buttons Web browser navigation buttons.

Backbone The communications harness used for J1939 communication. See also Main Bus

Backlash The amount a shaft is allowed to move in a rotational direction or the clearance between the teeth of two gears in mesh.

Ballast The ballast system on a vessel is made of material that is used to provide stability to a vessel or structure.

Ballizing Creates compressive residual stress in critical holes by passing an oversized ball through the hole.

Bar A unit of pressure equal to 14.5 psi.

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Barometric (Air) Pressure Sensor Sensor that tells the ECM the outside air pressure. See Ambient Air Pressure Sensor.

Base Oil Either a mineral or synthetic product that serves as a transport medium for the additive package.

Basic Password The INSITE password that provides read-only functionality

Battery A common source of Direct Current voltage. Stores electricity.

B-Bank See Right-Bank

Beach Marks Small ridge of permanent deformation in the material caused by loading that exceeds the material`s strength. The material must be relatively ductile to permit deformation and the more pronounced appearance of beach marks.

Bead Blasting Bead blasting is the process of removing surface deposits by applying fine glass beads at a low pressure.

Bearing Housing The center section of a Turbocharger.

Bearing Stop Device installed to provide a physical stop for installation of a bearing. On some engines the bearing stop mounted on the rear face of the flywheel, prevents the clutch pilot bearing from being pushed through the bore and into the cavity in the rear of the crankshaft.

Before-In-Service The period of time before the Cummins engine warranty start date.

Bellows Stainless steel bellows connections in the exhaust system that allow for thermal expansion.

Bending Load A combination of tensile and compressive loading. In bending, the concave surface is stressed in the compressive direction, while the convex surface is stressed in the tensile direction.

Beyond-Factory Charges (BFCs) Import duties and shipping charges for parts shipments sent to locations outside the United States and Canada.

bHp Brake Horsepower

Billable Rate The hourly rate that is maintained by Cummins for their repair locations.

Block Heater An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system and used to provide for easier starting in cold weather. Also called a coolant heater.

Block Stiffener (Plate) Device mounted to the bottom of the engine block to provide additional strength and rigidity to the block casting. This plate is typically mounted using shoulder bolts to provide optimum stiffening capability.

Blowout Occurs when the ratio of air to water around the propeller gets so high that the propeller is no longer grabbing water, but is trying to propel itself through air (or a relative vacuum).

BMEP Brake Mean Effective Pressure

BMS Business Management System

Bollard Deck attachment used in tying up the vessel to a dock or other structure.

Bookmark Saved website address for quick access. See also Bookmark Link. See also favorite.

Bookmark Link Saved website address for quick access. See also favorite.

Boost Pressure The output pressure of the turbocharger.

Boost Pressure Sensor Senses the amount of pressure created by the turbocharger or supercharger. See also Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) Sensor.

Bore The interior diameter of a cylinder.

Bosch VE The Bosch VE distributor-type fuel injection pump can be found on industrial and 1991 low horsepower automotive B series ratings.

Bosch® Fuel Injection Pump Dataplate

The Bosch® fuel injection pump dataplate displays information about the fuel injection pump.

Bow The bow of the vessel is the forward part of the hull or the point that is most forward when the vessel is underway.

Brake Horsepower The amount of power available for useful work

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Brake Mean Effective Pressure An engineering term for the average effective pressure of the four strokes of a cylinder`s cycle. High bmep means high cylinder pressure and more power/efficiency per cylinder.

Brass A metal alloy of zinc and copper.

Breakout Cable Service tool used to check circuit voltage with electrical components connected to the ECM. See Breakout Harness.

Breakout Harness Service tool used to check circuit voltage with electrical components connected to the ECM.

Breakpoint 1 Speed Parameter that sets the engine speed, in RPM, that activates the high speed governor during normal operating conditions. See also Breakpoint Speed.

Breakpoint Speed Adjustable parameter that sets the engine speed that activates droop.

Brittle The property of metal that resists permanent deformation under applied load.

Browser Window A window is an area on the screen that displays information for a specific program. This often includes the user interface as well as the program content.

BTDC Before Top Dead Center

Bulkwark A wall-like structure that is installed instead of piping or chains to keep personnel and equipment from going overboard.

Burr A protruding, ragged edge raised on the surface of metal.

Bushing Replacer The handle used to remove the cross shaft bushing from the bearing housing.

Butadiene A colorless, flammable gas, C4H6, soluble in alcohol but not in water, usually derived from butane or butene: used chiefly in the manufacture of rubber and paint, and in organic synthesis

Butt Splice Connector Used to repair damaged wires. The butt splice uses a soft collar and an insulating sleeve to make the connection between the new wire section and the existing wiring harness.

Bypass Valve (Lift Pump) A valve in the back of the IFSM that allows a small amount of fuel to bypass most of the fuel delivery system. This bypass path provides a quick and effective means of purging air from the fuel system.

CAC See also Charge Air Cooler. Air-to-air cooler mounted in front of the engine radiator used to lower the temperature of the intake air after it has passed through the turbocharger.

Calibration Match Feature that ensures that the primary and secondary ECM`s have been programmed with the same calibration prior to allowing the engine to start.

Campaign Designed to locate a specific group of engines or service parts after they have been sold by Cummins. Once located, prescribed repairs or modifications are performed during a specified period of time or specified amount of operation.

Camshaft Drive Chain The camshaft drive chain drives the camshaft and requires two drive sprockets.

Camshaft Position Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on the position of machined surfaces in the camshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the camshaft position.

Camshaft Rear Cover Plate Plate mounted to the rear of the cylinder head containing a thrust surface to control the movement of the camshaft toward the rear of the engine.

Camshaft Retainer Plate Plate mounted to the front of the cylinder head containing a thrust surface to control the forward movement of the camshaft.

Camshaft Speed/Position Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on the position of protrusions on the camshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the camshaft position.

Camshaft Sprocket A sprocket that sits on the camshaft nose and transfers the movement of the chain to the camshaft.

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Term Definition

Camshaft Sprocket Housing The camshaft sprocket housing is a cast aluminum component that sits on the rear faces of both the cylinder head and the cylinder block, and the top face of the flywheel housing.

Camshaft Sprocket Housing Cover The sprocket housing cover sits on the sprocket housing, and seals the components inside.

Camshaft Tone Wheel The rotation of the tone wheel teeth allows the engine speed sensor and the engine camshaft position sensor to measure engine speed and position.

CAN 2.0 B Datalink An industry standard high speed, 500K baud, datalink used to carry information between the MCM 700 and the SSM 558s.

CAP Customized Assurance Plans.

CAP Cummins Accumulator Pumping System

Capacitor A device for storing electrical energy for a short amount of time.

CARB California Air Resources Board

Catalyst A substance or device that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions, such as at a lower temperature, than otherwise possible without being part of the reaction itself.

Catalyst Can Container in the Aftertreatment System that houses the catalyst.

Cavitation Holes or pits on the surface of metal caused by the implosion of tiny bubbles in the engine coolant. See also Cavitation Corrosion

Cavitation Corrosion Involves the damage of material associated with the change of fluid pressure due to collapsing bubbles in a liquid as they contact a solid surface. Often referred to as cavitation pitting or cavitation erosion, it is a combination of corrosion and erosive wear.

CCC See Cummins Compact Catalyst

CCD Capacitive coil driver. See also Ignition Module

CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory

CELECT CELECT is the name of a Cummins` heavy duty full authority fuel control injection system.

CELECT Plus CELECT Plus is the name of a Cummins` heavy duty full authority fuel control injection system.

CENSE An on-engine system that monitors the output of various sensors.

Centinel Cummins advanced oil management system. This computer controlled system mixes used oil with the fuel for combustion and replaces it with an equal amount of new oil. This increases oil drain intervals and stabilizes the oil additive package levels. See also Centinel System.

Centinel Operational Test The Centinel Operational Test is used to help isolate and troubleshoot Centinel problems.

Centinel System The Centinel System is an electronically controlled continuous oil replacement system that burns oil with the fuel during combustion as an additional energy source.

Centinel System Oil Burn Type Petroleum based or synthetic blend oil setting for the Centinel system used to determine the oil burn rate.

CES Cummins Emissions Solutions

CFM Cubic Feet per Minute

Chain Drive System Chain Drive System that transfer the movement from the crankshaft to the camshaft by use of a chain drive system situated on the rear side of the engine.

Chain Guides Plastic chain guides that sit on either side of the chain, to provide smooth operation.

Chain Tensioner The chain tensioner sits in a bore on the camshaft sprocket housing, and pushes the mobile chain guide towards the chain.

Charge Air The combination of recirculated exhaust gases and fresh intake air used for combustion.

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Charge Air Cooler Air-to-air cooler mounted in front of the engine radiator used to lower the temperature of the intake air after it has passed through the turbocharger.

Charge Air Cooling The process of passing fresh intake air that has been heated by turbocharging through a cooler. The intake air transfers heat to air or coolant flowing over the cooler.

Check Box A box displayed on the computer screen that corresponds to a specific option. After clicking the box an X, or a checkmark, displays to indicate that option has been selected. Clicking a second time removes the X, or checkmark, and deselects the option.

Check Engine Lamp The Check Engine Lamp indicates engine conditions which require prompt operator attention and flashes diagnostic fault codes.

Check Valve A valve installed in a passage that permits flow in one direction only.

Checkbox The graphic box used in a Windows based computer program that provides operator input. A “checked” box indicates an active selection and a blank box indicates an inactive selection. You can select multiple check boxes in a list.

Chemical Inertness Little or no ability to chemically react

Chemical Process The residual stress system within a part can be created, altered, or removed by etching or other chemical processes.

Chines A corner or knuckle in the hull form, continuous over a significant length of the vessel.

Chrysotile A fibrous variety of serpentine asbestos

Circuit Breaker A circuit protection device. Excess current will cause the circuit breaker to trip, the circuit is opened, and current can no longer flow.

CIT Sensor See Turbocharger Compressor Intake Temperature Sensor

Cleat Deck attachment used in tying up the vessel to a dock or other structure.

Click and Drag The technique where a Windows compatible pointing device is used to grab item on screen and move it to some other location. When the cursor is over the object to be moved, the mouse button is clicked to grab it. The button is held down while the object is

Closed Circuit A complete path through which current can flow.

Closed Loop Fuel control system based on the output of the gas mass flow sensor and exhaust gas oxygen sensor.

Closed Nozzle Injector Type of injector where the fuel is metered into a separate chamber from the cup at the bottom of the injector. With this style injector, increasing fuel pressure in this chamber lifts the needle in the injector allowing fuel to flow into the injector cup.

CLS Coolant Level Sensor

CM2150 A Cummins electronic control module.


CM2180A A Cummins electronic control module.









CM558 The sub system control module used to control the ignition timing and air/fuel ratio, formerly called the SSM558.

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CM700 The master control module for the engine, formerly called the MCM700







CNG See Compressed Natural Gas

Coil Pack Unit that amplifies the ICM signal to fire the spark plugs.

Coil-on-Plug COP. Amplifies the ICM signal to fire the spark plugs and is mounted directly on the spark plug for more efficient energy transfer.

Collar Valve Rotating valve on the water filter head used to seal off coolant flow when changing the water filter.

Combination Sensors Sensors that contain both pressure and temperature sensors in one housing.

Common Rail Rail used to store the high pressure to the injectors.

Common Rail Fuel System A gear driven pump creates the high injection pressures which are then stored in a common fuel rail. Fuel from the rail is injected when the ECM activates a solenoid at the injection nozzle.

Compact Pump-Step Time Control Fuel System

The Compact Pump-Step Time Control Fuel System controls injection timing and fueling using a simple, efficient design, with high injection pressures.

Component A part of an engine or parts of a Cummins assembly.

Component Unique ID Number In order for each lever control station and inboard joystick to communicate with the throttle control processor module, each device must have a unique handle identifier.

Compound Gears Gears that contain two different sized gears to provide the desired gear ratio to the driven component.

Compressed Natural Gas Methane gas stored at high pressure.

Compression Applied load that tries to squeeze the part, making it shorter and wider.

Compression Brake See Engine Brake

Compression Nuts Nuts located on the high pressure lines that when loosened and pulled back expose the vent cavity.

Compression Ratio The ratio of cylinder volume with the piston at bottom dead center and the cylinder volume with the piston at top dead center.

Compressive Loading A load that tries to shorten and widen a part.

Compressor The portion of the turbocharger that is driven by the turbine.

Compressor Housing The intake side of the Turbocharger.

Concept Gear Scissor style gear that consists of two gears combined into one assembly. The two gears are spring loaded to spread the gear teeth apart and reduce gear lash. When properly adjusted, these gears help to reduce engine noise.

Conductor Provides a path for the electrons to move between the power source and the load.

ConeStaC™ Filter An optional centrifuge that provides additional oil system bypass filtration assembly.

Consumables Materials used with a Cummins engine to maintain proper lubrication, air or cooling; including lubricating oil, antifreeze and filter elements.

Contact Stress Fatigue Fatigue that results from pitting that occurs when the contacting surface of one part either rolls or rolls and slides under pressure across the surface of another part.

Contamination The process of making unfit for use by the introduction of unwholesome or undesirable elements.

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Continue Link Selecting a continue link for a diagnostic session will make the given diagnostic session your active diagnostic session. You will be able to proceed in the diagnostic session executing searches, updating solution status and adding notes.

Continuous Base Power Generation

Applicable for an engine that supplies utility power at a constant 100% load for an unlimited number of hours per year.

Continuous Rating Engines that are intended for powering commercial boats; intended for engines with continuous use in applications requiring uninterrupted service at full power.

Control Rack Actuator Electronic device that controls the position of the fuel pump control rack through a mechanical connection.

Control-F Keyboard key combination used in Windows programs to open the find command.

Controller Area Network The controller area network connects the throttle control processor module, thruster interface module, lever control stations, and inboard joysticks.

Conventional Flow The apparent movement of the positive charges from the positive battery post to the negative battery post.

Conversion Tables Formulas for converting one form of measurement to another form. (i.e. Metric to English conversion). See Troubleshooting and Repair manual section V.

Coolant Heater(s) An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system and used to provide for easier starting in cold weather. Also called a block heater.

Coolant Level Sensor The Coolant Level Sensor allows the ECM to determine the coolant level.

Coolant Pressure Sensor The input from the Coolant Pressure Sensor is used to evaluate water pump and cooling system efficiency.

Coolant Replacer Service Tool The coolant replacer service tool may be used for draining, filling and de-aerating the cooling system. The tool can also be utilized for pressure testing of the coolant system and as a coolant dam when needed.

Coolant Temperature Sensor The Coolant Temperature Sensor allows the ECM to determine the coolant temperature.

Coolant Water Control Unit Thermostat housing

COP Coil-on-plug assembly

Copolymerization To subject to or undergo a change analogous to polymerization but with a union of two or more different monomers

Corrosion The undesirable deterioration of a metal part due to a destructive electrochemical or chemical reaction with its environment.

Corrosion Inhibitors An additive in the coolant and lubricating oil that is designed to coat the surface of components to prevent corrosion.

Counterbore Ledge Machined ledge in the cylinder block used as the mid-stop for the cylinder liner.

Coverage Effective Date The date the coverage was put into effect at Cummins Inc. Engines put into service on or after this date (but before the coverage end date) will have this warranty.

Coverage End Date The date the coverage was changed by Cummins.

Covered Failures Any failure due to a defect in Cummins material or factory workmanship for which Cummins has some payment responsibility on the engine repair program.

CPL Control Parts List

CPS Coolant Pressure Sensor

Crankcase Breather Device used to allow excess pressure in the engine crankcase to exit the engine. Crankcase pressure is typically a result of combustion gas flowing past the piston rings (blowby).

Crankcase Depression Regulator Valve

The crankcase depression regulator valve maintains crankcase pressure. Pressure must be regulated to prevent oil consumption through the intake air system, and to prevent oil leaks due to excessive buildup of pressure. The valve regulates the amount of blow-by gases, that are to be re-burned, that enter into the intake air system.

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Crankcase Pressure Sensor The Crankcase Pressure Sensor allows the ECM to monitor pressure within the crankcase.

Crankpin The cylindrical piece to which a connecting rod is attached

Crankshaft Gear A straight-cut gear, that sits on the rear crank nose beside the crankshaft palm, and transfers the movement of the crankshaft to the idler gear.

Crankshaft Position Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the engine speed and or crankshaft position.

Crankshaft Speed Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the engine speed and or crankshaft position.

Crankshaft Tone Wheel Located on the crankshaft. The rotating tone wheel teeth allow the engine speed sensor to measure engine speed.

Crash Truck Trucks employed to respond to fires, hazardous material releases, rescue and other emergency-type situations.

Crevice Corrosion A form of localized corrosion primarily occurring in areas where little or no fluid flow occurs.

CREW An acronym to aid in remembering customer interaction C - Calm R - Reassure E - Empathize W - Work It Out

Crossflow Cylinder Head Cylinder head design where the intake air flows into the cylinder, and the exhaust gas flows from the cylinder from opposite sides of the engine.

Crosshead A device that allows one rocker arm to open two valves.

CTRL-F See Control-F

CTS Coolant Temperature Sensor

Cubic Feet per Minute Rate of volumetric flow. Moves one cubic foot of air in one minute’s time.

Cummins Accumulator Pumping System

The Cummins accumulator pumping system or CAPS was introduced in 1996 and was developed to provide the high injection pressures needed for Cummins ISC and ISL CM554 engines to meet emissions and other performance requirements.

Cummins Compact Catalyst The Cummins Compact Catalyst is a diesel oxidation catalyst, but is packaged differently than traditional diesel oxidation catalysts and is entirely passive in operation.

Cummins Inboard Joystick The Cummins inboard joystick is used to control the bow thruster, the optional stern thruster, and both vessel engines.

Cummins Inboard Joystick ID Each Cummins inboard joystick has an individual joystick ID. These ID`s can be used to identify up to four different joysticks installed on the vessel.

CUMPAS A multi-functional, PC based system which allows dealers to communicate with their Cummins distributor.

Cup When the trailing edge of the blade is formed or cast with an edge curl (away from the boat).

Current The measure of the number of electrons passing a point in a circuit.

Cursor A symbol that is used to point to some item on the computer screen.

Customized Assurance Plans One of several engine repair programs which cover specific failures for an extended period after the expiration of the base warranty.

CVC Cummins Virtual College

Cycle One complete disturbance or shake.

Cylinder Balancing The ability of the ECM to adjust fueling for a cylinder based on the increase in crankshaft speed resulting from the power stroke of the previous cylinder in the firing order.

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Term Definition

Cylinder Cutout Test Using INSITE, the Cylinder Cutout Test is used to cutout selected engine cylinders to help aid in troubleshooting cylinder misfires.

Cylinder Liner Protrusion The distance from the top of the cylinder liner flange to the top deck of the cylinder block.

Cylinder Performance Test Test in INSITE to check for failed injectors

Cylinder Performance Testing The ability of the ECM to adjust fueling for a cylinder based on the increase in crankshaft speed resulting from the power stroke of the previous cylinder in the firing order. The contribution each cylinder makes to overall engine power is displayed in INSITE as a percentage.

Damper Ring A seal band located near the top of the injector which seals oil at the top of the rocker cover.

Data Monitor Logger Screen used to monitor selected parameters in the INSITE service tool.

Datalink 1) The electrical connection that allows an external electronic device, such as INSITE, to be connected to the ECM. This connection is used for communication and data transfer.2) Communication system that allows a vehicle control ECM to communicate with other devices.

Datalink Protocol The SAE communication standard used to allow the transfer of information between the ECM and other electronic devices.

Datalogger The electronic feature that provides the ability to record monitored information.

Dataplate Identifying information for an engine, vehicle or aftertreatment system.

Dataplate - Electronic The information contained on the engine dataplate that is stored electronically in the ECM.

Date Code A numeric, symbolic, or alphabetic code that represents a date.

DC See Direct Current. See also Date Code.

DCA See Diesel Coolant Additive

DCA4 See Diesel Coolant Additive.

Deadrise The angle at which the bottom of the hull angles upward from the keel.

Deaerating Cooling System Cooling system utilized on many Cummins engines that aids in purging air from the cooling system during initial coolant fill and during operation. This system also provides a positive flow of coolant at the water pump during all engine operating conditions.

De-aeration The removal, bleeding or purging of air

De-aeration System See Deaerating Cooling System

Dealer A repair center under contract to a Cummins distributor.

Deceleration Throttle Device used to allow the operator to slow down the engine by pressing a deceleration throttle for applications where the engine`s primary accelerator input is at a fixed position.

Decomposition Reactor The decomposition reactor has an integrated diesel exhaust fluid diffuser and will be supplied with the Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Valve already mounted on the reactor flange. The tube is designed so that the ammonia in the injected diesel exhaust fluid can decompose and be adequately mixed with the exhaust stream before it reaches the front face of the Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst.

Decomposition Tube The Decomposition Tube has an integrated diesel exhaust fluid diffuser and will be supplied with the aftertreatment diesel exhaust fluid dosing valve already mounted on the reactor flange. The tube is designed so that the ammonia in the injected diesel exhaust fluid can decompose and be adequately mixed with the exhaust stream before it reaches the front face of the aftertreatment selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

Dedicated Oil Fill Boss Mounting location for Oil Dip Stick.

Dedicated Pinout Pinout structure with one signal mapped to one specific component.

Dedicated PWM Output Feature that allows the OEM to create a pulse width modulated signal whose duty cycle is selected by the calibration.

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Term Definition

DEF See Diesel Exhaust Fluid

Delivery Valve The high pressure fuel line connection to the fuel pump used to maintain fuel volume and pressure in the line.

Delphi DP210 The Delphi DP210 distributor-type fuel injection pump can be found on industrial tier2/stage II certified B series applications.

Dermal Of or pertaining to the skin

Detergent Lubricant additive that controls rust, corrosion, and resinous build-up.

Deutsch connectors Multipin electrical connectors that are sealed against the elements.

Deviation Outcome different from the specification.

Diagnostic Lamp The light used to alert the operator of certain faults in the system. This light will flash, indicating stored fault code information.

Diagnostic Lamps See Diagnostic Lamp

Diagnostic Session A diagnostic session provides a way to record and track the diagnostic and repair work for a given engine repair.

Diagnostic Session Action Buttons The diagnostic session action buttons implement specific actions for the current active diagnostic session. These buttons include the following: Details, Close and Exit.

Diagnostic Session Details The diagnostic session details screen provides information about a specific diagnostic session. Notes and attachments left by previous users are visible here as well as a historical record of searches made by previous users.

Diagnostic Session ESCALATE Button

The diagnostic session ESCALATE button is used to escalate a diagnostic session in EDS. The diagnostic session will be marked as escalated to help Cummins support engineers identify difficult engine problems.

Diagnostic Session History Table The diagnostic session history table shows the history of all actions taken in this diagnostic session.

Diagnostic Session ID The diagnostic session ID can be used by any other EDS users to search for and view a diagnostic session.

Diagnostic Session List The diagnostic session list will display all diagnostic sessions for the given engine serial number, listed in chronological order with the most recent first.

Diagnostic Session Note The diagnostic session notes can be used to record and save any notes related to the diagnosis and repair of an engine.

Diagnostic Session Status Area The diagnostic session status area is the area at the top of the page that shows information about the current diagnostic session.

Diagnostic Session Work List The diagnostic session work list screen provides an overview of the recent diagnostic sessions of a technical service workgroup. Users can view individual diagnostic sessions or, if the user has permission, can continue diagnosis/repair work of a diagnostic session.

Diagonal A diagonal movement is when a vessel moves both in the ahead or astern direction, while simultaneously moving in the port or starboard direction. From one corner across to another.

Dial Calipers An instrument for measuring thicknesses and internal or external diameters inaccessible to a scale.

Diaphragm A dividing membrane or partition.

Diesel A liquid fuel used in internal combustion engines. Diesel fueled engines usually use the heat of compression to ignite the fuel instead of a spark plug.

Diesel Coolant Additive The DCA additive provides protection to the cylinder liners by preventing the formation of air bubbles in the coolant on the surface of the cylinder liners.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid The name given to the fluid when urea is mixed with water to a 32.5% solution. The composition of this solution is defined in ISO standard ISO 22241-1. The diesel exhaust fluid solution is a clear liquid with a weak ammonia odor.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Line Heater Relay

The line heater relay enables line heating for all three diesel exhaust fluid lines and stays on when the key is on.

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Term Definition

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Line Heaters Diesel Exhaust Fluid Line Heaters heat the lines that carry diesel exhaust fluid to and from various locations in the selective catalytic reduction system.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Lines Diesel Exhaust Fluid Lines carry diesel exhaust fluid to and from various locations in the selective catalytic reduction system.

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Type of passive aftertreatment system that is a simple flow-through system containing a catalyst that converts hydrocarbons (HCs) and NOx to NO2 and water (H2O).

Diffuser Plate The plate located between the compressor housing and bearing housing on the turbocharger. This plate houses the oil slinger.

Digital Multimeter One tool combining the capabilities of a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter in one piece of test equipment.

Diode An electrical one way check-valve. A rectifier.

Direct Air Flow Filter The Direct Air Flow Filter is an air filter element used in marine applications to filter out particulates from the air entering the engine.

Direct Current The flow of electrons is in one direction from a source, through the circuit, and back to the source.

Direct Current Motor Mounting Flange

The mounting flange provides support for the direct current motor and is a key component for securing the drive leg.

Disable Turning a programmable feature OFF.

Dispersant Lubricant additive that suspends oil in soluble material in the lubricant to minimize sludge formation, particulate-related abrasive wear, viscosity increase, and oxidation-related formation.

Displacement Hull Type of hull with rounded and tapered sterns. Often has Wine Glass Profile, Vertical Bow, Deep Draft and a Large Keel.

Displacement, Fluid The weight or volume of a fluid displaced by a floating body, used especially as a measurement of the weight or bulk of ships.

Displacement, Mechanical The volume marked out by a piston as it travels from the top of its stroke to the bottom. For a multicylinder engine the total engine displacement is the displacement of one cylinder multiplied by the number of cylinders in the engine.

Distributor An engine sales and service location under contract to Cummins, Inc.

Distributor Original Equipment Manufacturers

Direct customers of Cummins distributors.

Distributor Pump A gear driven pump that creates the high pressure for injection and a distributor that directs fuel to the injector nozzles.

DOC See Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Docked The positioning of a window in a fixed location on the computer screen

DOEMs See Direct Customers of Cummins Distributors.

Dongle A protection device that plugs into a computer port. The device helps to prevent the duplication of software.

Dosing Control Unit The dosing control unit is an electrical device in the SCR system that meters and pumps the required dosage to the urea injection nozzle as directed by the ECM.

Dosing Systems System for the injection of a chemical reagent upstream of the catalyst.

Double-Click A technique where a mouse button is pressed twice in rapid succession.

Dowel Ring Locating ring mounted so that it protrudes from the surface of one of two mating components. This protrusion then fits into a bore in the mating component to locates the position of the components relative to one another. Dowel rings are typically used for components such as: cylinder head, rod cap, main cap, or flywheel housing.

Down rigger A trolling rig that consists of a weighted cable attached below the boat to a fishing line, used to troll live bait at or near the floor of a body of water and eliminating the need for a weight on the fishing line.

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Term Definition

DPF See Diesel Particulate Filter

Draft The depth of the ship below the waterline, measured vertically to the lowest part of the hull, propellers, or other reference point. When measured to the lowest projecting portion of the vessel, it is called the extreme draft, when measured at the bow it is called the forward draft, and when measured from the stern, it is called the after draft. The average between the forward draft and the after draft is called the mean draft, and when the vessel is fully loaded it is called the load draft.

Drag The retarding force exerted on a moving body by a fluid medium such as air or water.

Drive Chain A roller type steel chain with 82 links, and it takes the movement of the idler sprocket and transfers it to the camshaft sprocket.

Drive Coupling The drive coupling connects the electric motor output shaft to the drive leg.

Drive Leg The drive leg is a lubed and sealed unit that transfers the rotational energy from the electric motor to the propeller.

Droop The percentage of speed reduction which occurs when the load on an engine is changed from zero to full load. Droop % = [(Maximum No-Load Speed – Breakpoint Speed) / Breakpoint Speed] X 100

Drop Down Box A user entry box from which the desired response can be selected from a predetermined list.

DSID See Diagnostic Session ID

Dual Outputs Based on Sensed Parameters

Dual outputs based on sensed parameters provides up to two independent switched outputs for OEM use.

Ductile The property of metal that allows it to permanently deform prior to fracture.

Ductile Iron A form of cast iron achieved when magnesium is used to promote the formation of graphite or carbon in the tiny spheres rather than flakes. The process produces a machinable cast iron that has greatly improved strength, improved ductility and toughness.

Ductility The ability of a material to deform plastically (or permanently) prior to eventual fracture.

Duty Cycle The amount of on time as compared with the total amount of time for a PWM signal.

Duty Cycle Map Average of fuel rate over customer’s duty cycle represents fuel consumption for a specific marine customer.

Duty Cycle Monitor The Duty Cycle Monitor under Advanced ECM Data, tracks the time the engine spends in 50 different operating regions.

Dynamic Balance The propeller is placed upon an electronic balancing machine and rotated at a specified RPM. The machine will remove material and respin to confirm dynamic balance.

Dynamometer An instrument for measuring force or power.

ECI See Electronically Controlled Injection

ECM See Electronic Control Module

ECM Cooling Plate See Electronic Control Module Cooling Plate

ECM Image See Electronic Control Module Image

ECM Passwords See Electronic Control Module Passwords

ECM Power Connector See Electronic Control Module Power Connector

ECM Template See Electronic Control Module Template

ECS See Electronic Control System

ECU See Electronic Control Unit, another name for an ECM

ECVA See Electronic Fuel Control Valve Assembly

Edge Molded Gasket Style of gasket using a steel shim with a seal material attached to its edge.

Edit Box A user entry box in which the desired response can be entered directly in the box.

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Term Definition

EDS See Expert Diagnostic System

EDS Screen Header See Expert Diagnostic System Screen Header

EFC Actuator Override Test See Electronic Fuel Control Actuator Override Test

EFC Valve See Electronic Fuel Control Valve Assembly

EGR See Exhaust Gas Recirculation

EGR Connection Tubes See Exhaust Gas Recirculation Connection tubes

EGR Cooler See also Exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooler. Component mounted in the exhaust flow path, after the EGR valve that uses engine coolant to reduce the temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas.

EGR Crossover Tube See also Exhaust Gas Recirculation Crossover Tube. Tube that carries the EGR gases from the EGR Cooler across to the intake side of the engine.

EGR Differential Pressure Sensor The EGR Differential Pressure Sensor measures the difference in pressure between two points in the exhaust gas flow path. The ECM uses this input to calculate the mass flow of the recirculated exhaust gas into the intake system.

EGR Differential Pressure Sensor Tubes

Tubes that carry the exhaust gas to the EGR Differential Pressure Sensor.

EGR Mixer A device that is used to combine the fresh intake air and the EGR gases to produce the charge air for combustion.

EGR Orifice Pressure Sensor The EGR Orifice Pressure Sensor, on heavy duty engines, input is used with the intake manifold pressure sensor to improve EGR flow reading accuracy.

EGR Temperature Sensor The EGR Temperature Sensor is used in conjunction with the EGR Differential Pressure Sensor by the ECM to calculate the volume of re-circulated gases that enter the intake manifold from the EGR valve.

EGR Valve A valve controlled by the ECM, which adjusts to control the amount of exhaust gas moving from the exhaust manifold into the intake manifold.

EGR Valve Motor Motor controlled by the ECM that is used to open and close the EGR Valve.

EGR Valve Position Sensor Sensor that measures the position of the EGR valve.

EGTS Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor

EHAB Valve Device used to control the fuel supply in and out of the Bosch RP39 fuel pump.

Elasticity The property of being able to return immediately to the original size and shape after being stretched or squeezed.

Electric Fuel Lift Pump Override Test

The Electric Fuel Lift Pump Override Test can be used to check the operation of the Electric Lift pump by cycling it off and on without the engine running.

Electric Lift Pump An electric pump controlled by the ECM through a relay. Each time the key is turned on the ECM turns on this pump for a set period of time to insure easy starting and shorter cranking time.

Electrical Inputs Inputs are electrical devices, typically sensors and switches, that provide signals used to determine operating conditions or desired operation.

Electrical Outputs Output devices control fuel flow, engine timing, and the operation of components such as the electronic fan clutch.

Electrolysis When two different metals are physically or electrically connected and submerged in seawater, they become a battery, and start a process called electrolysis.

Electromagnetic Interference Any disturbance in an electrical circuit due to electromagnetic pollution.

Electron A basic particle of an atom. Electrons have a negative charge or polarity. The electrons orbit around the nucleus in layers.

Electron Current Flow Electron movement flowing from the negative terminal of the source, through the conductors to the load, and back to the positive terminal.

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Term Definition

Electronic Control Module A computer portion of the electronic control system that is responsible for engine control, diagnostics, and user features. This component receives signals from engine sensors and OEM switches. It contains software based control algorithms and diagnostic algorithms. These algorithms process the input signals and transmit signals to the appropriate output devices.

Electronic Control Module Cooling Plate

Plate mounted under the ECM and uses air low or fuel flow to protect the ECM from heat produced by the engine.

Electronic Control Module Dataplate

The electronic control module (ECM) dataplate displays information about the ECM.

Electronic Control Module Image A recording of all of the settings and readings from an ECM at a specific moment in time.

Electronic Control Module Passwords

The security passwords used to protect data and settings stored in an ECM

Electronic Control Module Power Connector

The ECM Power Connector is a 4-pin power connector on the ECM.

Electronic Control Module Template

A recording of all of the settings for a particular ECM. This template can then be transferred to another ECM to configure it in the same way.

Electronic Control System T and R Manual

Manual that contains helpful information to help troubleshoot electronic engines equipped with an ECM.

Electronic Control System Troubleshooting and Repair Manual

Manual that contains helpful information to help troubleshoot electronic engines equipped with an ECM.

Electronic Fan Clutch Device that allows the ECM to control the operation of the cooling fan.

Electronic Fuel Control Actuator Override Test

The Electronic Fuel Control (EFC) Actuator Override Test can be used to validate the electronic fuel control (EFC) Actuator operation by allowing the user to open and close the actuator.

Electronic Fuel Control Valve Assembly

This assembly contains fuel passages, sensors, a shutoff valve, and actuators to control the flow of timing and metering fuel to the engine. The part of the QUANTUM fuel system that provides the mounting for the fuel actuators and shutoff solenoid.

Electronic Throttle and Shift System

The electronic throttle and shift systems permit gear and throttle control.

Electronic Throttle Shift Power Harness

An electronic throttle shift power harness, which is an OEM component, connects the power source to the throttle control processor module.

Electronically Controlled Injection The first Cummins electronic system that was not an add-on to the PT fuel pump.

Eliminator Self-cleaning oil filter assembly that provides the maximum filtration, the least amount of filter maintenance, and the lowest cost of operation of all of the oil filter options.

Eliminator™ Filtration A filtration option that uses an engine mounted oil filter which cleans itself as it cleans the engine oil.

Emergency Shutdown Switch used to remove all electrical power from the engine in order to shutdown the engine quickly in case of an emergency.

EMI See Electromagnetic Interference

Emissions The various chemical compounds released into the atmosphere after combustion has taken place.

Empathy Empathy is the ability to see the situation from the viewpoint of the customer. Empathy is not sympathy.

Enable Turning a programmable feature ON.

End Play The amount a shaft can travel in a fore and aft direction.

Engine Brake An optional component that enhances the engines ability to slow the vehicle in coasting situations. It works by opening the exhaust valve when the piston is at the top of the compression stroke. Any energy stored in the compressed air is released into the exhaust system and not returned to the piston on its next downward stroke. See also Intebrake.

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Term Definition

Engine Camshaft Position Sensor The Engine Camshaft Position Sensor is used by the ECM to determine engine position by reading special machining on the camshaft gear. The ECM uses this sensors input for controlling the electronic fuel systems timing. This sensor can act as a backup signal to the ECM should the engine speed sensor fail.

Engine Camshaft Speed Sensor The Engine Camshaft Speed Sensor is used by the ECM to determine engine position by reading special machining on the camshaft gear. The ECM uses this sensors input for controlling the electronic fuel systems timing. This sensor can act as a backup signal to the ECM should the engine speed sensor fail.

Engine Connector The Engine Connector is a 60 pin engine harness connector on the ECM.

Engine Coolant Level Sensor The Engine Coolant Level Sensor is mounted in the cooling systems top tank. The sensor indicates low coolant level and is used for engine protection.

Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor

The Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor allows the ECM to determine the coolant temperature.

Engine Crankshaft Position Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the engine speed and crankshaft position.

Engine Crankshaft Speed Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the engine speed and crankshaft position.

Engine Data Area The engine data area includes a data entry field for the engine serial number and pull down data entry fields for other engine characteristics.

Engine Dataplate A plate located on the front gear cover containing information about the engine.

Engine Derate A torque reducing feature intended to minimize or prevent engine damage due to a system not functioning properly.

Engine Family Search Search option in QuickServe Online

Engine Governor Type See Accelerator Type

Engine Heaters Electrical resistance heaters installed in the engine`s cooling system. These heaters turn on when the engine is off and keep the coolant and engine temperature above a set minimum. This enables the engine to start quickly with little or no warm-up.

Engine Hour Offset Adjustable parameter that increases the total engine operating time stored in the ECM. This is typically used when a new ECM is installed on an engine.

Engine Intake Throttle Actuator The Engine Intake Throttle Actuator helps control the engine emissions though better control of the intake air.

Engine Knock See also Pre-Ignition. Sound created by the detonation or abnormal combustion in an engine cylinder that is developed from the uncontrolled collision of multiple flame fronts.

Engine Oil Pressure Sensor The Engine Oil Pressure Sensor indicates the pressure of the oil as an input to the engine protection system.

Engine Oil Pressure Switch The Engine Oil Pressure Sensor indicates the pressure of the oil as an input to the engine protection system.

Engine Oil Temperature Sensor This sensor is used by the ECM to monitor the lubricating oil temperature.

Engine Position Sensor Measures the position of the engine by the use of a variable reluctance sensor or a Hall Effect sensor. See also Camshaft Position Sensor.

Engine Protection Programmable feature that, when enabled, allows the electronic control system to derate or shutdown the engine when specific critical operating criteria are met in order to prevent engine damage.

Engine Protection Restart Feature that prevents the engine from being restarted if it has been shut down because of an engine protection fault.

Engine Protection Shutdown Programmable feature that, when enabled, causes the ECM to shut the engine down to prevent damage when specific critical operating criteria are met.

Engine Protection Witness Test Test in INSITE that allows an operator to simulate engine sensor values that result in an engine protection fault and/or shutdown.

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Term Definition

Engine RPM Crankshaft speed stated in revolutions per minute (RPM).

Engine Serial Number Update Button

The engine serial number update button is used to update the repair history for a specific engine.

Engine Speed Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the engine speed and crankshaft position.

Engine Speed Startup Limiting Feature that limits the engine speed and torque until the oil pressure reaches a specified threshold.

Engine Speed/Position Sensors Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on the position of machined surfaces in the camshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the camshaft position.

Engine Warm-Up Protection Feature that limits the engine speed and torque immediately after startup until the ECM detects sufficient oil pressure.

Environ An industrial hygiene firm

Environmental Protection Agency A federal agency with the responsibility for regulating exhaust emissions, among many other things pertaining to the environment.

EOBD Euro On-Board Diagnostics

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPF Engine Protection Fault

EPS See Engine Position Sensor

Erosive Wear One form of abrasive wear that occurs when solid particles of dirt and debris are carried in a transporting medium across a surface thereby wearing it away.

ESN Engine Serial Number

ESP Electronic Smart Power

ESS See Engine Speed Sensor

Ether Injection Regulated cold start aid.

EU European Union

EURO3 and EURO4 European emission standards.

Evaporator LPG system component that transforms the liquid fuel into a gaseous form via heating the fuel.

Exhaust Catalyst Assembly Type of passive aftertreatment system that uses a diesel oxidation catalyst section plus a soot filter section that traps the particulate matter or soot.

Exhaust Catalyst Element Often referred to as a brick, the Exhaust Catalyst Element is used in the aftertreatment process.

Exhaust Emissions The various chemical compounds released into the atmosphere after combustion has taken place.

Exhaust Gas Pressure Sensor The exhaust gas pressure sensor measures exhaust gas pressure in the exhaust manifold. This information is used by the ECM for EGR valve operation.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation The process of taking a portion of the exhaust gas, cooling it, combining it with fresh air, and returning it to the combustion chamber for the purpose of reducing NOx emissions.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Connection Tubes

Stainless steel tubes used to move the EGR gases from the EGR Valve to the EGR Cooler and also from the EGR Cooler to the EGR Mixer.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure Sensor

The Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure Sensor measures the exhaust gas pressure drop across the exhaust gas recirculation differential pressure orifice. This pressure drop is used to calculate the amount of exhaust gas recirculation flow into the intake manifold.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Orifice Pressure Sensor

The Exhaust Gas Recirculation Orifice Pressure Sensor, on heavy duty engines, input is used with the intake manifold pressure sensor to improve exhaust gas recirculation flow reading accuracy.

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Term Definition

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature Sensor

The Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature Sensor is used in conjunction with the exhaust gas recirculation differential pressure sensor by the ECM to calculate the volume of re-circulated gases that enter the intake manifold from the exhaust gas recirculation valve.

Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Signal Converter

Converts the Resistance Value of the Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors into a Voltage Signal.

Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors The Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors measure the temperature of the exhaust before and after the catalyst.

Exhaust Gas Treatment Monitor Unit

Electronic system that performs the monitoring and diagnostic function for the Aftertreatment system and signals dash-mounted warning lamps

Expert Diagnostic System Cummins Expert Diagnostic System is a web based troubleshooting tool that is designed for diagnosing problems with Cummins engines. URL: http://cummins.kaidara.net/cummins

Expert Diagnostic System Screen Header

The Expert Diagnostic System (EDS) screen header is a common header that appears above all of the EDS screens. There are several links in this header to do common actions such as logout or report an issue with EDS.

Extended Coverage A CAP that provides additional coverage beyond the base engine warranty coverage. This coverage begins at the base warranty start date and expires at the term selected by the customer and agreed to by Cummins Inc.

Extended Major Components Warranty

Provides additional coverage beyond the base engine warranty for specific engines and parts for a limited time period.

FAE Full Authority Engine

Fail Codes Six letter codes used to identify the component that has failed and the nature of the failure.

Fan Control A feature that allows the ECM to turn the fan on or off in response to certain inputs.

Fan Control Switch The Fan Control Switch is used on engines featuring an electronically controlled fan. Engines featuring mechanically driven fans will not feature this switch.

Fan Override Test The Fan Override Test allows the fan to be engaged for an adjustable amount of time.

Fatigue The result of cyclic stress of a level less than the metal`s ultimate strength.

Fatigue Failure The result of a great number of cycles of stress.

Fatigue Strength The combination of the number of cycles and level of stress a metal can withstand over a repeated application.

Fatigue Test An evaluation of a metal`s fatigue strength.

Fault Code A digital code representing a specific type of control system failure or abnormality.

Fault Trees Fault trees, available on QuickServe Online, INSITE and the service literature, provide a guide to troubleshooting the engine.

FCD Pistons Ferrous Cast Ductile iron (FCD) pistons.

Feature Control Switches The Feature Control Switches include the Cruise Control, Alternate Speed, and Alternate Torque Switches provided to the operator.

Features and Parameters Screen used to view the ECM`s programmed features and parameters in the INSITE service tool.

Feedback/Help Link The feedback/help link is a link in the EDS screen header. The feedback/help link provides access to the Cummins application support team.

Field Campaign A list of proactive repair instructions to be followed on a specific group of engines.

Filter Efficiency A measurement of the filter’s retention efficiency. The measurement is typically the number of particles retained by a filter, compared to number of particles present in the fuel that will pass through the filter.

Filter Module The filter module on most Cummins Engines contains a mounting location for the lube oil filter, the volute of the coolant pump, mounting for the water inlet and the oil cooler.

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Term Definition

Filtration The process of fluid passing through a filter media in order to extract unwanted particles from the fluid.

Final Fracture The final stage of a fatigue fracture where the last application of the load exceeding the ultimate strength of the material is in effect a final, single load fracture.

Fire Ring Component providing a seal to the top of the combustion chamber. On some engines this ring is part of the head gasket. On other engines this ring may be a separate component from the gasket.

Fire Truck Trucks employed to respond to fires, hazardous material releases, rescue and other emergency-type situations.

Firing Order The order in which the cylinders, beginning with No. 1 cylinder, deliver their power strokes.

FIS Fault Information System

Fish Eye An internal flake in a metal that can cause crack initiation.

Fix-As-Fail A repair to an engine or part only when the engine or part has failed.

Fixed Resistor A resistor that does not have the ability to have its resistance value changed.

Flame Plate A coolant passage in the cylinder head that puts coolant in close proximity to the combustion chamber. This provides for a more nearly uniform combustion chamber temperature and better combustion.

Fleetguard Manufacturer of quality filtration and diesel engine related products. (Customer Assistance Center 1-800-223-4583)

Flex Section Non-rigid mounting system designed to allow some movement between components.

Fluted Mixer The fluted style mixer mixes the recirculated exhaust gas and fresh air with a minimal amount of pressure drop.

Fluted Style Mixer A style of EGR mixer, that combines the EGR gas and fresh intake air with a minimal amount of pressure drop.

FMI Fault Mode Indicator

Foam Inhibitors Lubricant additives that restrict the formation of foam by causing air bubbles in the oil to separate.

Forcastle A superstructure fitted at the extreme forward end of the upper deck.

FPCM See Fuel Pump Control Module

FPPA See Fuel Pump Pressurizing Assembly.

FPPS See Fuel Pump Pressure Sensor

Fracture Any failure that results in a break, or separation of a part into two or more pieces.

Fracture Split Manufacturing technique where the connecting rod and rod cap are manufactured as a unit and then mechanically split apart.

Framatome Connector Electrical connector used for some sensors on Cummins engines. These connectors provide positive engagement with a double locking system.

Free Text Search Tab Select the free text search tab to reset the diagnostic search; this is the same as selecting the reset search control button.

Freeboard The distance from the waterline to the upper surface of the freeboard deck at side.

Frequency The number of vibratory motions that are heard or felt per unit of time, usually one second. It is referred to as cycles per second (CPS) or Hertz (Hz)

Frequency Accelerator Feature that converts a filtered accelerator frequency input into a requested accelerator percentage to the ECM.

Frequency Throttle Feature that converts a filtered accelerator frequency input into a requested accelerator percentage to the ECM.

Fretting Wear Wear caused by small-amplitude, vibration-like movement between the contacting surfaces of two parts that are assembled under extremely close tolerances.

FRPS See Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor

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Term Definition

FSOV See Fuel Shutoff Valve

FTPS See Fuel Timing Pressure Sensor

FTS See Fuel Temperature Sensor

Fuel Block Connection that supplies the fuel inlet to the engine and return fitting for fuel flow back to the fuel tank.

Fuel Connector The connection that provides a fuel path between the high pressure fuel lines and the injectors.

Fuel Consumption Monitor The Fuel Consumption Monitor is an industrial feature that monitors fuel usage over the life of the engine.

Fuel Control Valve The Fuel Control Valve is used to shut off the fuel flow to the fuel rail.

Fuel Control Valve (Air Bleed) The Fuel Control Valve after the actuator sends fuel to the return manifold through the air bleed line.

Fuel Cooler A heat exchanger that reduces the temperature of the fuel.

Fuel Delivery Pressure Sensor The signal from the Fuel Delivery Pressure Sensor is used by the ECM to determine the fuel outlet, or supply, from the fuel pump.

Fuel Flow Limiter The flow limiter (check ball, seat, and spring) is used to prevent large volumes of fuel from entering the cylinder, thus providing engine protection.

Fuel Line Vent Cavity The outer wall or cavity of the high pressure fuel lines that captures fuel leaks.

Fuel Manifold Connection that supplies fuel routing to various components.

Fuel Pump Actuator The fuel pump actuator controls fuel to the high pressure pumping plungers as directed by the software calibration.

Fuel Pump Control Module An electronic module mounted on the Bosch VP44 fuel pump. This module controls the opening of the metering control valve.

Fuel Pump IMV Fuel Pump Inlet Metering Valve

Fuel Pump Pressurizing Assembly The Fuel Pump Pressurizing Assembly controls the amount of fuel delivered to high pressure pumping chambers.

Fuel Rail Pressure Relief Valve The high pressure fuel rail and other high pressure components are protected from pressure spikes by a high pressure relief valve mounted on the fuel rail.

Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Monitors pressure in the fuel rail. Also known as an Accumulator Pressure Sensor.

Fuel Shut-Off Actuator The Fuel Shut-Off Actuator is used by the ECM to shut off fuel to the fuel injection pump.

Fuel Shut-Off Valve Valve used to shut off fuel to pumps, injectors, or the entire engine.

Fuel System Leakage Test The Fuel System Leakage Test is a manual test that will increase fuel rail pressure to the same level used at rated power.

Fuel Temperature Sensor The input from the Fuel Temperature Sensor is used for fueling calculations and the engine protection system.

Fuel Timing Pressure Sensor Sensor that monitors fuel timing pressure.

Fuel Transfer Block Metal housing that connects to the external fuel lines. On the right side of the engine the fuel passes from the ECVA to the Fuel Transfer Block. On the left side of the engine the fuel is received from drillings in the engine block to the Fuel Transfer Block.

Fuel Transfer Connector Block Component that connects the Fuel Transfer Head Deck Block to the Fuel Manifold

Fuel Transfer Head Deck Block Component that attaches to the top deck of the engine block to provide fuel connections from the block to the fuel manifold.

Full Floating Piston Pin A piston pin that is assembled together with the rod and piston at room temperature.

Fuse A circuit protection device. The protective element in the fuse melts. When the metal melts, the circuit is opened, and current can no longer flow.

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Term Definition

Fusible Link A circuit protection device. Works by melting a specific portion of its wiring when current exceeds a certain amperage level, the circuit is opened, and current can no longer flow.

Gallery Cooling The process of cooling a component through the use of cast passages that allow the flow of a cooling material such as lubricating oil.

Galvanic Corrosion Occurs when two dissimilar metals are electrically coupled in an electrolyte such as an oxygen-containing gas or a liquid such as water.

Gauge Number Wire diameters are measured using the American Wire Gauge. Each diameter of wire is assigned a gauge number. The larger the gauge number, the smaller the wire.

Gauge Pressure Pressure reading adjusted for atmospheric pressure so that the gauge will read 0 when just the atmospheric pressure is acting on it.

Gauge Pressure Sensor Pressure sensor that reads relative pressure that does not include atmospheric pressure in the reading.

Gauge Sensor Sensor that does not include the atmospheric pressure in its reading. This sensor provides a reading of 0 when it is reading atmospheric pressure.

GCS Generator-Drive Control System

Gear Pump The gear pump provides fuel to the high pressure pump.

General Corrosion Characterized by a general deterioration of the surface that proceeds without any appreciable localized attack. Rust is a common example.

Generator A power source that supplies electrical force necessary to cause electrical current flow in a circuit.

Gerotor Pump Located at the rear of the high pressure pump. Supplies fuel at approximately 5-7 Bar through the ECM cooling plate, stage 2 filter, and onto the high pressure pump.

Gigabyte One billion bytes.

Glow Plugs Electrical resistance heaters installed in the prechambers to assist in cold starting.

Government Contract Sales A program offered by Cummins Inc. which provides reimbursement to the United States military on the sale of engines and parts.

Governor A device that controls the speed of the engine. Governors typically control the idle and the top speed.

Governor Type The Engine Governor Type feature allows the user to select the desired type of governor that will control the engine, Automotive or Variable Speed.

Gray Iron A form of cast iron achieved through a slow cooling process producing an iron containing carbon flakes throughout the casting. The iron is very machinable but has low tensile strength and ductility. The fracture surface appears gray in color.

Grid Heater An electric resistance heater mounted in the intake air system to heat the air for easier starting at low temperatures.

Grinding Wear One form of abrasive wear that occurs when particles become imbedded in the surface of the part itself.

Ground An electrical reference point, such as the engine block, used to make electrical measurements with a multimeter.

Ground Loops Electrical circuit created between two grounding points.

Hall-Effect Sensor An electrical sensor that uses a change in conductance to indicate proximity to metal, and is used to determine motion or speed. From this signal, the ECM calculates engine speed and position.

Hardness A property of metal that allows it to resist permanent change of shape.

Hardness Test An evaluation of the resistance of metal to indentation or abrasion.

HD Heavy Duty

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Term Definition

Heat Exchanger A component that is built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another, without the mediums touching, joining, or mixing with each other.

Heat of Compression The heat generated by the compression of air or an air/fuel mixture in the cylinders of the engine.

Heat Treatment A method of producing desired properties in steel by controlling the heating and cooling process.

Heavy Duty Engines ISL, QSL, L10, QSM, M11, ISM, ISX, QSX and N series engines.

Helical Having the form and section of a spiral.

Helm Where a vessel is steered or directed.

Hertz The unit of measure for frequency. One cycle per second equals one Hertz.

HEST High Exhaust System Temperature

HHP High Horse Power

High Horsepower Engines V and K series engines.

High Idle Wide open accelerator pedal, no load.

High Output Rating Engines that are used in variable load applications where full power is limited to one hour out of every eight hours of operation. In addition, reduced power operations must be at or below 200 RPM of the maximum rated RPM for the vehicle.

High Pressure Common Rail Fuel system in which a common rail contains the high pressure delivered from the pump to the injectors.

High Pressure Fuel Lines The high-pressure fuel lines are used to connect the fuel rail to the individual fuel connectors.

High Pressure Fuel Rail The High Pressure Fuel Rail acts as an accumulator for pressurized fuel. The rail is made of laser welded forged steel.

High Pressure Injection - Time Pressure

Designates the style fuel system where time is variable and pressure in the actuator rail is held constant.

High Pressure Lines Located after the high pressure pump and typically carry fuel pressure up to 23,000 psi.

High Pressure Pump A pump that delivers fluids, such as fuel, at approximately 600 Bar or more.

HMI Human Machine Interface

Holset Turbocharger manufacturing company.

Holset HX83 Turbocharger used on the QSK19 CM850 MCRS engine. Utilizes a turbocharger overspeed sensor for better performance and overspeed protection.

Holset HY40V Turbocharger Wastegated Turbocharger used on the ISL CM850 engines.

Horsepower A unit of power equal to approximately 750 Watts, or 0.75 kilowatts.

Hot Keys (list of all hot keys) Keyboard commands that launch specified routines within INSITE. Ctrl-O = Open, Ctrl-S = Save, Ctrl-P = Print, Alt-Enter = Properties, Ctrl-X = Cut, Ctrl-C = Copy, Ctrl-V = Paste, Delete = Clear, Ctrl-A = Select All, Ctrl-F = Find, F3 = Find Next, F5 = Refresh, Ctrl-E = Connect to ECM, Shift+F1 = What`s This

Hover The technique of allowing the cursor to remain over a particular item for a short period of time without depressing either mouse button.

HPCR High Pressure Common Rail

HPI-TP See High Pressure Injection - Time Pressure

HT 100 Turbochargers Low pressure turbochargers used in conjunction with the HX83 HP Turbochargers on two stage turbocharging engines.

Hull The frame or body of a ship, exclusive of masts, engines, or superstructure.

Human Machine Interface A touchscreen device that functions as a user interface for the genset.

Humidity The amount of water in the air.

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Term Definition

HX27W Wastegated Turbocharger Wastegated Turbocharger used on the European four cylinder ISB CM800 engines.

HX35W Wastegated Turbocharger Wastegated Turbocharger used on all six cylinder ISB CM800 engines.

HX40 Wastegated Turbocharger Wastegated Turbocharger used on the ISC CM554 and ISL CM554 engines.

HX-55 Wastegated Turbocharger Turbocharger used on the ISM CM570 engine.

HX83 HP Turbochargers High pressure turbochargers used on QSK50 single stage turbocharging engines.

HY30W Wastegated Turbocharger Wastegated Turbocharger used on the US four cylinder ISB CM800 engines.

HY35W Wastegated Turbocharger Wastegated Turbocharger used on the ISC CM850 engines.

Hydrocarbon A chemical compound composed of only hydrogen and carbon in various ratios.

Hydrodynamic Lubrication A form of lubrication in which the shape and relative motion of the sliding surfaces of a part cause the formation of a lubricant film that has sufficient pressure to separated the surfaces.

Hydrolyze The process of converting urea into ammonia molecules.

Hydromechanical System using hydraulics, or fluid flow, and mechanical action to control motion of a component.

IAT Sensor Intake Air Temperature Sensor

ICM Ignition control module. This module receives inputs from the ECM to control the ignition process.

Icons A small picture displayed on a computer screen that represents a routine or function.

ID Bit Positive and negative connections at pins 47 and 48 in the engine harness connectors that allow the ECM to identify whether it is operating as a primary or secondary ECM.

Idle Shutdown The idle shutdown feature reduces the amount of fuel burned and increases engine life by shutting down the engine after a period of engine idling with no driver activity.

Idle Validation Circuit in the accelerator pedal that is used to confirm that the pedal position is either at idle or off-idle.

Idle Validation Switch Part of the accelerator pedal assembly that provides the idle and off-idle signal to the ECM.

Idler Gear Gear used to transfer motion from a drive gear to a driven gear. Idler gears are typically mounted on a stationary shaft.

Idler Pulley Pulley used to provide a change of direction to a drive belt.

Idler Sprocket A sprocket that sits on the idler shaft and transfers the movement of the idler gear to the drive chain.

IFSM See Integrated Fuel System Module

Ignition Module Formerly called the Capacitive Coil Driver this module receives the reference and fire signals from the ECM and determines when to fire each spark plug.

Ignition Timing The number of crank angle degrees BTDC when the start of injection occurs.

IMP Sensor Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor. See also Boost Pressure Sensor.

Impact Test An evaluation of metal to resist fracture when it is irregularly shaped.

Impeller A rotating device used to force air in a desired direction.

IMT Sensor Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor

Inactive Fault A fault that was out of range at one time but is currently within range

Inclusions Undesirable particles retained in finished metal (sometimes called non-metallic inclusions).

Indium A malleable silvery metallic element

Industrial Accelerator Default Feature that determines the default accelerator values to be used when certain accelerator system errors become active. The intent of this feature is to allow continued engine operation at sufficient power to maintain accessory loading.

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Term Definition

Industrial Equipment Any engine marketed by Cummins for which no other specific warranty certificate is provided; including all models used in crane, drill and excavator applications not used for on-highway propulsion.

Information Management System (IMS)

A software tool used by Cummins Inc. and is designed to store and communicate information vital to the operation of Cummins Inc.

Ingestion To take, as food, into the body

Inhalation An act or instance of breathing

Initiation Repeated applications of stress at a sufficient level cause irreversible damage to the component in the form of sub-microscopic cracks.

Injector Chatter Test Injector test used to ensure free movement of the needle in the injector.

Injector Check Valve Leak Test Test in INSITE to check for failed injectors

Injector Drain Line Each injector has a drain line that leads to a common injector drain manifold.

Injector Flow Limiter Uses a ball-type check valve to prevent excess fuel flow in the case of a malfunctioning injector.

Injector Leakage Test Injector test used to determine if the injector needle is seating properly.

Injector Metering Rail Pressure Sensor

The input from the Injector Metering Rail Pressure sensor is used by the ECMs to ensure that the rail actuator is providing the fuel flow needed for the engine operating conditions.

Injector Pop Test Injector test used to determine the injector opening pressure.

Injector Sealing Ring The ring that seals the injector in the bore to prevent combustion gases from leaking past the injector.

Injector Spray Pattern Test Injector test used to determine if all of the holes in the injector nozzle are open and functioning properly.

Injector Supply Lines (High Pressure)

The high-pressure fuel lines are used to connect the fuel rail to the individual fuel connectors.

Inlet Mixer The EGR Mixer

INLINE 5 SAE J1939 protocol communications tool used to connect the ECM to a PC.

INLINE 5 Adapter SAE J1939 protocol communications tool used to connect the ECM to a PC.

INLINE Adapter SAE J1939 protocol communications tool used to connect the ECM to a PC.

Inline Air Filter The Inline Air filter separator prevents damage or contamination of the SCR systems air components.

INLINE I Datalink adapter that has J1587 protocol communications used to connect the ECM to a PC.

INLINE II Datalink adapter that has J1587, J1708, and J1939 protocol communications used to connect the ECM to a PC.

Inputs Electrical devices, such as sensors and switches, that provide signals that indicate engine operating conditions and switches that provide operator input to determine desired operation.

INSITE The PC based electronic service tool used to diagnose and calibrate Cummins electronic engines.

Insulation Used to prevent the flow of electricity, such as the coating on an electrical wire. Examples of good insulators include: plastic, rubber, glass. May refer to heating / cooling properties such as the insulation found in heat shields.

Intake Air Grid Heaters Electronic heater installed on the engine to increase the intake air temperature during cold startup conditions.

Intake Air Heater An electric resistance heater mounted in the intake air system to heat the air for easier starting at low temperatures.

Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor Senses intake manifold pressure for the ECM.

Intake Manifold Pressure/Temperature Sensor

This sensor is used by the ECM to determine intake manifold pressure, or boost, produced by the turbocharger and to determine the temperature of intake air for fueling control.

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Term Definition

Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor

The input from the Intake Manifold Temperature Sensors is required by the engine protection system, starting, as well as for fuel metering and injection timing.

Intake Manifold Temperature/Pressure Sensor

This sensor is used by the ECM to determine intake manifold pressure, or boost, produced by the turbocharger and to determine the temperature of intake air for fueling control.

Intebrake An optional component that enhances the engines ability to slow the vehicle in coasting situations. It works by opening the exhaust valve when the piston is at the top of the compression stroke. Any energy stored in the compressed air is released into the exhaust system and not returned to the piston on its next downward stroke. See also Engine Brake.

Integrated Fuel System Module Fuel system assembly used to house the fuel pump, actuators, dampers, pressure regulators, fuel rails, fuel filter, and various other components.

Interact System The Interact System is Cummins automotive/on-highway full-authority electronic engine control system.

Intercooler Component used to lower the air temperature between two turbochargers connected in series.

Intermediate Speed Control Feature that controls the engine speed to one of the specific setpoints within an operating range.

Intermediate Speed Control - Engine Speed Set Points

Up to three adjustable parameters that determine the engine speed at which the ECM will attempt to hold the engine when operating under ISC mode of operation using the ISC switches.

Intermittent Rating Engines with intermittent use in variable load applications where full power is limited to two hours out of every eight hours of operation. These engines must also have 200 RPM or below of the maximum rated RPM for reduced power operations.

ISC See Intermediate Speed Control

ISC Maximum Speed The upper engine speed limit for all Intermediate Speed Control operation.

ISO International Organization for Standardizations

ISO 18/16/13 A three number coding system that corresponds to the numbers of particles of a size greater than 4, 6 and 14 microns per milliliter respectively.

ISO 4406 The reference number given to the standards for diesel fuel cleanliness.

Isochronous Governing Governor that holds engine speed constant within the capability of the engine.

IVS See Idle Validation Switch

J1587 An SAE software communications standard

J1587 Datalink The original datalink used as the cab interface and diagnostic tools connection used to link the ECM with the INSITE service tool.

J1587 Node Any device sending signals over the J1587 communications datalink.

J1708 An SAE hardware communications standard

J1939 An SAE hardware and software communications standard

J1939 Backbone ECM J1939 Datalink connection in which service tools and other J1939 devices communicate with the ECM. This bus can be extended 150 feet with minimal outside interference to communication data. The Main Bus is constructed with a twisted pair of wires with shielding. It is terminated with a 120 ohm resistor at each end.

J1939 Datalink The new, faster communication standard that allows cab interface service tools and some other vehicle controllers, such as transmission shifting, braking system, and traction control systems, to communicate with the ECM.

J1939 Engine Network The J1939 is the dedicated datalink used for data transfer between the ECMs.

J1939 Node Any device sending signals over the J1939 communications datalink.

Jacket-Water Aftercooling The process of passing fresh intake air that has been heated by turbocharging through a cooler. The intake air then transfers the heat to engine coolant flowing through the cooler.

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Term Definition

Jackscrews A tool or machine operated by a screw used to apply pressure for a short distance.

Jiggle Pin Jiggle Pins mounted in the thermostats upper seal, allow the cooling system to purge air as the system is filled.

J-Jet Style of piston cooling nozzle used on higher horsepower engines.

J-Jet Cooling Nozzles J-Jet Cooling Nozzles are used to deliver lubrication to the pistons.

J-Jet Piston Cooling Nozzles J-Jet Piston Cooling Nozzles are used to deliver lubrication to the pistons

JSA Job Safety Assessment

Keystone Profile Angled top and bottom surface of the piston ring and ring groove.

Keyswitch Battery Power Circuit that provides power to a component only when the keyswitch is in the ON position.

kilopascal A unit of pressure equal to approximately 0.145 psi

Kilowatt One thousand watts.

Knock When conditions in the cylinder are such that the combustion flame in the cylinder goes supersonic it creates an engine noise. This noise is called knock.

Knorr Bremse Single-Cylinder Air Compressor

The air compressor used on ISBe4 engines.

kPa Kilopascal

kW kilowatt

Lambda The ratio of the actual air/fuel mixture to the ideal (stoichiometric) mixture. A Lambda greater than one indicates a lean mixture.

Language Link The language link is a link in the EDS screen header. The language link allows you to switch the language that EDS is displayed in.

Lash The distance between the crosshead and the rocker arm.

Latched Switch Switch that maintains its toggled position when released.

Lateral Movement When a vessel moves to the port or starboard direction without moving ahead or astern, it is moving in a lateral or side to side movement.

Lean Mixture An air fuel mixture with an excess of air. A lean mixture will have oxygen present in the exhaust gas. An excessively lean mixture will cause a misfire.

LED See Light Emitting Diode

Left Bank The side of the engine on the left when viewing the engine from the rear.

Left Hand Threads Reversed fastener threads that require turning the fastener clockwise to loosen and counter clockwise to tighten.

Left-Bank The left side of a high horsepower gas engine when it is viewed from the flywheel end. (Formerly referred to as the A-Bank)

Left-Click A technique where the left mouse button is pressed and released.

Lift Pump Component used to prime the fuel system. See also Electric Priming Pump.

Light Emitting Diode A device that emits light when charged, usually in the form of a red glow.

Light Ship Tonnage Weight of a ship with no fuel, persons, cargo, and water on board

Limitations A term used to describe the boundary beyond where the Cummins program or warranty ceases to exist.

Limited Prime Power Generation An engine with a limited number of hours in a non-variable load application. It is intended for use where power outages are contracted, and may be operated parallel with the public utility up to 750 hours per year.

Limp Home Feature that allows the engine to be operated in the event of an accelerator position sensor fault.

Limp Home Condition This condition is intended to allow enough fuel pressure in the system to continue to operate the vehicle at restricted power.

Linear Vibration Movement of an object in a line back and forth.

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Term Definition

Liner Protrusion The amount the cylinder liner protrudes above the engine block.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Mainly consisting of propane and has approximately an octane rating of 110.

Lite Password The INSITE password that provides functionality to modify all of the features and parameters but not to calibrate an ECM

Liter Metric unit of measurement for liquid volume. One liter equals 0.264179 U.S. Gallons.

LNG Liquefied Natural Gas

Load Converts the energy of the moving electrons to a more useful form.

Loaded Water Line Length The distance measured from the point where the forward edge of the bow meets the water’s surface to where the edge of the stern meets the water’s surface. This distance is measured when the vessel is loaded to its normal capacity.

Loctite An adhesive resin that hardens in the absence of air.

Logout Link The logout link is a link in the EDS screen header. The logout link is used to log out of EDS.

LOM lube oil module

Lookup Link The lookup links loads the Engine Model, ECM Type and Engine Application for the ESN that you have entered.

Low Idle Adjustment Switch Programmable feature that allows the engine idle speed to be increased or decreased using an OEM supplied toggle switch.

Low Idle Droop Adjustable parameter that sets the percentage of idle droop.

Low Idle Shutdown Feature that shuts down the engine when the programmed idle time is exceeded.

Low Idle Speed Adjustable parameter that sets the default engine idle speed.

Low Idle Speed Adjustment Switch The Low Idle Speed Adjustment Switch feature allows the low idle engine speed to be adjusted by a cab mounted switch.

Low Swirl Port Port located in the Cylinder Head that creates a low swirl affect on the intake air into the cylinder head.

LPG See Liquefied petroleum gas.

LTA Low Temperature Aftercooling. Cooling system that provides for coolant flow through the aftercooler separate from the engine cooling system. This provides for lower coolant temperature resulting in lower intake air temperatures.

Lube Oil Module A unit attached to the flywheel end of the engine that houses the oil cooler and the oil filters.

Lubrication System Any components that provide lubrication to the engine or engine parts.

Lubrite A magnesium phosphate coating applied through a chemical process to a wear surface to improve initial lubrication and reduce scuffing wear. It has a dark gray to black surface and a textured look.

Lucas CAV DPA The Lucas CAV DPA distributor-type fuel injection pump can be found on marine and industrial B series applications.

Lucas CAV DPS The Lucas CAV DPS distributor-type fuel injection pump can be found on European and U.K. B series automotive ratings.

Magnetic Pickup Speed sensing device utilizing a target passing through a magnetic field to generate a signal that is sent to the ECM.

Main Bus See also Backbone. ECM J1939 Datalink connection in which service tools and other J1939 devices communicate with the ECM. This bus can be extended 131 feet with minimal outside interference to communication data. The Main Bus is constructed with twisted pair wires, shielding, and is terminated with a 120 ohm resistor at each end.

Main Deck The main platform corresponding to a floor in a building. On this crew boat, the main deck is the cargo deck.

Main Position Sensor/Primary Located in the block and measures crankshaft speed.

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Term Definition

Main Search Screen The main search screen is the primary screen from which you will execute diagnostic searches in EDS.

Maintenance Monitor Programmable feature that, when enabled, allows the ECM to calculate a maintenance interval based on hours of operation, or fuel used.

Maintenance Monitor Interval Adjustable parameter that modifies the maintenance interval when the automatic mode of maintenance interval calculation is used.

Maintenance Monitor User Hours Adjustable parameter that specifies the desired amount of time that the engine should be in operation before the next maintenance interval.

Maintenance Monitor Warning Percent

Adjustable parameter that sets the amount of the maintenance monitor interval that has elapsed when the operator is notified.

Maintenance Monitor Warning While Running

Programmable feature that, when enabled, allows the ECM to flash the engine protection lamp to notify the operator that the maintenance interval has been reached while the engine is running.

Makeup Tank Remote mounted tank to provide makeup oil for the Centinel system.

Malleable Iron A form of cast iron achieved through a heat treatment process.

Manometer A device used to measure pressure or pressure differences.

Manual Bleed Valve Valve on the upper radiator pipe used to purge air from the cooling system during filling.

Marine Rating Includes continuous, high output, intermittent and medium continuous.

Master Disconnect Device used to remove battery power from the engine.

Master Password ECM password used to perform the functions of the Adjustments and Reset passwords as well as change the passwords.

Master Repair Manual Manual that contains information on optional components or optional equipment such as air compressors, fan hubs, and hydraulic pumps.

Maximize The enlarging of a specified window to fill all of the available space on the computer screen.

mB The abbreviation for milliBar. One milliBar equals .001 Bar

MCM 700 See CM700

MCRS Modular Common Rail Fuel System.

MCRS Injector The electronically actuated injectors used on modular common rail engines.

MDAC Microsoft Data Access Components

MDV See Mechanical Dump Valve

Mechanical Dump Valve Pressure relief valve designed to prevent excess rail pressure.

Mechanical Process Imparting residual stress through mechanical means, such as shot peening, ballizing, or surface rolling.

Medium Continuous Rating Engines intended for powering commercial boats; engines in continuous use in variable load applications where full power is limited to six hours out of every twelve hours of operation.

Menu Bar The list of functions and routines that are available in a program.

Mesothelioma A malignant tumor of the covering of the lung or the lining of the pleural and abdominal cavities, often associated with exposure to asbestos

Metallurgical Process A process of creating residual stress based on the physical reaction of metal when heated and cooled. Case hardening is a common metallurgical process.

Methane Chemical compound composed of one part carbon and four parts hydrogen. It`s chemical formula is CH4.

Methane Index Approximately the percentage of methane in a quantity of natural gas. Methane index is important because the percentage of methane affects the octane rating of the gas.

Metric Conversions See table in Troubleshooting and Repair manual

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Term Definition

Micron µm A unit of linear measure in the metric system used to measure distance from one point to another. It is used like the inch, foot, centimeter and millimeter to measure length, width or diameter of objects. The actual word micron is another term for micrometer. Micron or micrometer means 1 millionth of a meter.

Micron Rating A generalized way of quantifying the ability of the filter`s media to remove contaminants of a particular size

Micro-organisms Creatures that live in the water and feed on the hydrocarbons in the fuel.

Microprocessor The portion of the ECM that reads input signals and determines output signals/commands.

Midrange Engines A, B and C series engines.

Mid-stop Liner Style of cylinder liner where a ledge toward the middle of the liner seats on a shoulder in the block. This seat establishes the amount of liner protrusion above the surface of the engine block.

MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp

MilliAmp Unit of measurement of the strength of an electrical current equal to one thousandth of an amp.

MIN/MAX Governor See Automotive Governor

Minimize The hiding of a specified window to keep it active but not display on the computer screen.

Momentary Switch Switch that maintains an off position in its released state.

Momentary Two Position Switch A momentary two position switch that maintains a center, or OFF, position when released is used as an input to the system.

Monomer A molecule of low molecular weight capable of reacting with identical or different molecules of low molecular weight to form a polymer.

Monotherm Piston A one piece piston manufactured from forged steel

Mouse The most common Windows compatible pointing device.

MPEG A standard for compressing video

MR Mid Range. See also midrange engines.

Multiduct Engine component that provides passages for intake air, exhaust and coolant.

Multifunction Pinout Pinout structure with multiple signals mapped to it that are provided by a single component. Multiple signals are interpreted based on other inputs.

Multiple Spark Discharge Technology designed to prevent quenching of the spark during certain operating conditions such as low intake manifold pressure.

Multiple Unit Synchronization System that allows two or more engines to be operated at the same speed, torque, or with commanded throttle input.

Multiplexing The transmitting of multiple signals over a single circuit.

NanoNet Filter Media The NanoNet media is 99.5% efficient at 4 microns of filtration as compared to the original StrataPore media which was 98.7% efficient at 5 microns of filtration.

National Overhaul Warranty A Cummins CAP that provides warranty on materials and workmanship provided during a NOW engine overhaul.

Natural Gas A hydrocarbon based, fossil fuel often found in association with crude oil or coal. The main component of natural gas is methane.

Necking Narrowing of the shank of a bolt caused by stretching the bolt.

Needle Lift Sensor Sensor installed in an injector used to indicate that the needle in the injector nozzle has lifted off of its seat.

Negative Twist A notch or bevel on the inside bottom of a piston ring that causes the ring to flex or twist.

Neoprene An oil-resistant synthetic rubber: used chiefly in paints, putties, linings for tanks and chemical apparatus, and in crepe soles for shoes

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Term Definition

Neutron A basic particle of an atom. Neutrons have no charge or polarity. Protons and neutrons bond together to form the nucleus of the atom.

New Defective Part A part that is found to be defective due to material or factory workmanship prior to or during installation.

New Diagnostic Session Button The new diagnostic session button will start a new diagnostic session.

New Engine Inspection A program designed to accept claims from distributors for new engine inspections by the distributor or dealer to familiarize the customer with the engine, the equipment, Cummins service accessibility and warranty programs.

NG Natural Gas. See also CNG.

NH3 Ammonia

Ni Resist Cast iron containing alloying elements (usually nickel or chromium or copper or molybdenum) to increase the strength or facilitate heat treatment

Ni-Resist Insert Nickel-alloy Insert in the piston that provides for better strength and durability of the piston ring grooves.

Nitrile Rubber A synthetic rubber obtained by the copolymerization of acrylonitrile and butadiene, noted for its oil resistance

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) A combination of nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide that is a result of the combustion process. High NOx levels cause smog and acid rain.

Node Individual device on the J1939 or J1587 system.

Non-Programmable Feature(s) Criteria in the ECM that are contained in the calibration and cannot be enabled or disabled (turned ON or OFF) with the INSITE service tool. (i.e. engine overspeed protection)

Notes Table The notes table displays any notes made by owners of the diagnostic session.

NOW See National Overhaul Warranty

NOx Emissions that form when combustion temperatures increase to the point where nitrogen is oxidized along with the fuel. NOx emissions are one component of photochemical smog.

NOx Sensor The NOx Sensor is used to monitor the various combinations of Nitrogen and Oxygen levels in the SCR system.

Nozzle Ring The sliding portion of the turbocharger that changes the size of the volute exit area. Changing the exit area affects both boost pressure and exhaust backpressure.

NPT Port Threaded port that allows for installation of an inspection device to measure the backpressure in the exhaust system.

Nucleus The center of the atom. Protons and neutrons bond together to form the nucleus of the atom.

OBD See On-Board Diagnostics

Octane Rating A measure of a fuels resistance to detonation. For natural gas the octane increases as the percentage of methane increases.

OEM See Original Equipment Manufacturer.

OEM Connector The OEM Connector is an OEM harness connector on the ECM.

OEM Power Connector The OEM Power Connector is OEM power connector on the ECM.

OEM Pressure Sensor The OEM can use a pressure sensor to read any desired pressure in the system, and input that pressure reading into the Cummins ECM.

OEM Temperature Sensor The OEM Temperature Sensor may be used to detect the temperature of any desired liquid or gas.

Offset Key Camshaft key used to adjust the injection timing by indexing the camshaft in relation to the camshaft gear.

Ohm Measurement of electrical resistance. An Ohm is the amount of resistance to flow that will allow an Ampere of current to flow with 1 Volt of electrical pressure.

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Term Definition

Ohm`s law A mathematical formula which shows the relationship between voltage, resistance, and current.

Oil Control Expander Ring A coil on the inside of the oil control ring used to force the ring against the liner wall with the correct tension.

Oil Control Ring The lowest piston ring which channels engine lubricating oil away from the liner wall through the piston drain back holes in the piston skirt.

Oil Control Ring Rails The larger diameter portions of the oil control ring that contact the cylinder liner.

Oil Cooler Petcock A petcock is a device used to drain the coolant from the system.

Oil Cross-Over Channel Drilled channel that transfers oil from one side of an engine block to the other.

Oil Level Sensor The Oil Level Sensor advises the operator of low or overfilled oil levels when the engine is static.

Oil Pressure Sensor(s) The Oil Pressure Sensor indicates the pressure of the oil as an input to the engine protection system.

Oil Pressure Switch The Oil Pressure Switch indicates the pressure of the oil as an input to the engine protection system.

Oil Slinger The oil slinger is mounted in the bearing housing side of the diffuser plate and slings the oil in the turbocharger to help lubricate the turbocharger impeller shaft and bushings.

OLS See Oil Level Sensor

On-Board Diagnostics On-Board Diagnostics, or OBD, is a computer-based system designed to monitor the performance of some of an engine`s major components including those responsible for controlling emissions.

Open Campaign Display Area The open campaign display area will display any open campaigns for the given engine serial number. Clicking on the campaign listed will open the campaign in QSOL.

Open Circuit The electrical current path is broken

Open Loop The ECM changes fuel quantity based on input from the gas mass flow sensor and excludes the input from the oxygen sensor.

Open Nozzle Injector Type of injector where the fuel is metered directly into the cup at the bottom of the injector. With this style injector, the fuel in the cup is open to the cylinder but is held in the cup due to cylinder pressure.

Operating Systems The basic operating instructions for a personal computer

Operations and Maintenance Manual

A manual that contains the information in the owner’s manual plus maintenance procedures for various mileage or operation intervals, and troubleshooting information.

OPS See Oil Pressure Sensor

Order The number of disturbances or shakes in one revolution of a rotating component.

Original Equipment Manufacturer Customers who purchase Cummins engines directly from Cummins Inc. for the use in their chassis.

O-ring Face Connections Fitting utilizing an o-ring to provide a positive seal against a flat face of the mating surface.

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OTIS Open Tool-Interface Specification

Otto Cycle The four stroke cycle used by many internal combustion engines. The four strokes are intake, compression, power and exhaust.

Out of Range Operation Engine operating parameter that is above the high limit or below the low limit thresholds.

Outboard Propellers turning away from each other.

Over Propping The propeller requires more power than the engine can give to achieve rated rpm, resulting in engine overload when the boat is fully laden.

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Term Definition

Overflow Valve Externally mounted device used to control the return flow volume of fuel from the fuel pump in the return line. This device works with the fuel lift pump to maintain fuel pressure in the fuel pump gallery.

Over-molded Actuator The redesigned black actuator used on the new revised fuel system. This actuator uses optimized material rather than the stainless steel used on previous automotive engines.

Overspeed Protection Feature that monitors the engine speed and shuts down the engine if it exceeds the predetermined parameters.

Owner’s Manual Manual that contains information a typical owner might be interested in. Such as: Engine Specifications, Operating Instructions, Maintenance Guidelines and Warranty Information

Oxidation Inhibitors Lubrication additives that protect the lubricant from oxidation.

Oxides of Nitrogen Differing combinations of oxygen and nitrogen.

Oxidize To combine with oxygen.

Ozone Form of molecular Oxygen consisting of three atoms linked together.

Paraffin Wax Natural component of diesel fuel.

Parallel Circuit A circuit with the multiple current flow paths available.

Parent Bore Design Cylinder design that contains no sleeves or liners.

Particulate Matter All solid and liquid material in cooled, diluted diesel exhaust.

Parts Per Million Is a measure of concentration that is used where low levels of concentration are significant. The ppm value is equivalent to the absolute fractional amount multiplied by one million.

Pass Through Connector Wiring harness connection used to transition the harness from outside the engine through a casting to the interior of the engine.

Passive Aftertreatment System Passive systems are simple pass-through systems that have no actuators and therefore, no requirement for electronic controls; passive systems include the Aftertreatment System and the Aftertreatment Catalyst or (DOC).

Passive Regeneration Occurs when exhaust temperatures are high enough during normal engine/vehicle operation to oxidize the soot in the DPF faster than it is collected.

PC Personal Computer

PC ID The unique personal computer identification number that is used to register INSITE.

PCC Power Command Control

PCN See Piston Cooling Nozzle

PCS Power Command Supervisor

PCV See Pumping Control Valve

PDF Portable Document Format - File type used by Adobe Acrobat Reader

PE Performance Emission

Pegboard Fan Mounting Industrial engine fan mounting available on industrial QSX15 that provides mounting arrangements with the fan center ranging from 12 inches up to 22 inches from the centerline of the crankshaft.

Performance Troubleshooting Trees

The Performance Troubleshooting Trees (TT) are designed to collect information then proceed with a specific problem.

Petcock Valve used to open or close a system. Used to drain coolant and purge air out of the cooling system.

PGI Power Generation Interface

PGN Parameter Group Number

Pinouts Hardware characteristics that define the circuitry, voltage, current, and resistance.

Piston Cooling Nozzle A device that sprays oil onto the underside of the piston head. This oil helps to cool the piston and may also provide some lubrication for the piston pin.

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Term Definition

Piston Cooling Nozzle Regulator If the pressure is above 25 psi, this regulator allows the oil to flow out to the piston cooling rifle. This regulator is located in the filter head.

Piston Protrusion The distance that the crown of the piston is raised above the deck surface of the cylinder block when it is at top dead center.

Pitch To dip bow and stern alternately. May also refer to gear teeth or threads.

Pitting Corrosion A very localized form of corrosion that normally produces sharply defined holes when localized surface deposits create anodic areas in the part by disrupting the protective oxide film.

Pixel The smallest unit on a computer screen. Pixels consist of one or more dots of color.

Planning Hull Hull type that allows the vessel to rise out of the water.

PLC See Programmable Logic Controller

Pleasure Boat A marine propulsion engine that powers a vessel which is never used for commercial, municipal or government purposes.

Plug It Kit A kit containing plugs to plug exposed oil holes on an engine during repair.

PN Part Number

Pneumatic Actuation A method of controlling the variable geometry turbocharger`s exit volute area by using air pressure.

Pneumatically Actuated Turbocharger

Turbocharger that uses air to move the Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator.

Pole An end of a magnet. Each magnet has at least on north seeking and one south seeking pole.

Poles The number of electrically independent switch contacts that are switched simultaneously.

Policy A discretionary service that Cummins may provide to financially assist customers who have experienced a failure outside of the normal Cummins warranty guidelines or when there is a need for Cummins to provide goodwill for a positive customer experience.

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Synthetic resin belonging to the family of organic polymers, prepared by treatment of an aqueous suspension of chlorotrifluoroethylene with a catalyst composed of a mixture of sodium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene, sometimes abbreviated to CTFE resin, is similar to polytetrafluoroethylene; although it is slightly less resistant to chemical attack, it has the important advantage that it can be shaped by molding or extrusion into solid articles such as gaskets, linings for containers, and parts for valves and pumps. Dispersions of the resin in organic liquids can be used to form protective coatings on surfaces.

Polytetrafluoroethylene A thermoplastic resin, (C2F4), that is resistant to heat and chemicals, has an extremely low coefficient of friction, and is used as a coating on cookware, gaskets, seals, and hoses.

Poly-Vee Belt A drive belt with a multiple vee shaped inside surface that fits into a mating pulley containing multiple grooves.

Pop-Up Menu A menu that is typically accessed by a right mouse click and displays a menu from which functions can be selected.

Port The left side of the vessel when seated in the vessel facing the bow or front of the vessel is referred to as the port side. May also refer to a hole in a mechanical object (i.e. fluid port, exhaust port)

Port Beam Left side of a vessel.

Port Closure Actuator Electronic device that controls the position of the timing sleeves through a mechanical connection.

Positive Flow Deaeration System using pressurized coolant flow to remove trapped air from the coolant.

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Term Definition

Positive Twist A designed movement of the piston ring in the ring groove to make a sealing joint at the top outer edge and the inner lower corner of the groove, which provides for the best blowby seal as the piston and ring react to the combustion force. This ring is installed with the inner groove or notch facing the top of the piston.

Potential Difference Difference of electrical pressure between two points measured in volts.

Potentiometer a) An instrument for measuring electromotive force. b) An instrument for changing or controlling voltage.

Pour Point Depressants Lubrication additives that are used to enable engines to function efficiently at low temperatures.

Power Command II Cummins Power Generation designed engine control system used on power generation engines

Power Source A source of electrons.

Power Take-Off A device mounted to the engine or transmission that provides power for accessories such as hydraulic pumps.

Powerdown Memory Save The recording of information in the ECM memory after key off. This function requires that the ECM receive battery power through an unswitched circuit.

PPM See Parts Per Million

PRD See Pressure Rationality Diagnostic

Pre-Authorization A pre-approval program designed by Cummins to reduce the percentage of no-trouble-found parts replacement during warranty repairs.

Prechamber A small chamber into which the fuel injector feeds fuel. The prechamber is external to but connected with the main chamber.

Pre-Ignition See also Engine Knock. Sound created by the detonation or abnormal combustion in an engine cylinder that is developed from the uncontrolled collision of multiple flame fronts.

Pre-Lube Feature that lubricates the engine prior to startup and prevents the engine from cranking until the oil pressure reaches a predetermined value.

Pressure Rationality Diagnostic The pressure rationality diagnostic (PRD) is a diagnostic for testing the rail pressure.

Pressure Side Filter Secondary filtration filter.

Primary ECM ECM mounted on the left bank of the engine. This ECM controls operation of all fueling and grid heaters for the left bank of the engine. This ECM is also responsible for all of the control functions not performed by the Secondary ECM.

Pro Password The INSITE password that provides functionality to modify all of the features and parameters and to calibrate an ECM

Processor The portion of the ECM that reads input signals and determines output signals/commands.

Programmable Features Criteria in the ECM that can be enabled and disabled (turned ON or OFF) with the INSITE service tool.

Programmable Logic Controller A logic device that integrates the functions of the HMI, PCS and engine control system

Propagation A stage of fatigue fracture in which each application of stress at a sufficient level causes the crack to extend deeper into the part.

Propeller Prop A machine for propelling a boat, consisting of a power-driven shaft with radiating blades that are placed so as to thrust water in a desired direction when spinning.

Propeller Ventilation Surface air is drawn into the propeller disk.

Properties Characteristics that affect their behavior under various conditions. Mechanical properties of metal include elasticity, strength, ductility, and hardness.

Proton A basic particle of an atom. Protons have a positive charge or polarity. Protons and neutrons bond together to form the nucleus of the atom.

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Term Definition

Proximity Nearness or closeness

PSI Pounds per Square Inch

PT Pressure Time

PT Fuel System Fuel system that uses Pressure, Time, and Flow Area to control the amount of fuel metered into an injector for timing or injection.

PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene

PTO See Power Take-Off

Pulse Width Modulated A square wave electrical signal that is often used to control the on/off cycle of another device.

Pumping Control Valve Valve that controls the amount of fuel pressurized by the high pressure pumping chamber of the CAPS fuel pump.

PV350 Transducer Service tool used to convert pressure into a voltage signal that can be read by a digital multimeter.

PWM Pulse width modulated or Pulse width modulation

QSOL QuickServe Online

QUANTUM Cummins fuel system with camshaft driven injectors. The QUANTUM fuel system is used on the QST and QSK family of engines.

Quantum System The Quantum System is Cummins industrial/off-highway full-authority electronic engine control system.

Quenching Any number of processes for cooling heated metal.

Query Summary Area The query summary area displays all symptoms that EDS has understood from the text entered in the query entry text box.

QuickServe Online Cummins’ online service information system.

Rack Travel Sensor Sensor in the Bosch RP39 fuel pump used to determine the position of the fuel metering rack.

Radio Button An on-screen selection similar to a checkbox but where only one option from those available can be selected.

Rake Angle of the blade to the hub when viewed from the side.

RAPIDSERVE An innovative process whereby Cummins authorized dealers handle repairs and reimbursement for warrantable work over the phone.

Rate Shape Tube Tube between the accumulator and distributor on a CAPS fuel pump. The shape and diameter of this tube control the early part of injection.

Real Time Clock Feature that allows information to be recorded with a 24 hour clock rather than ECM time

ReCon A wholly owned division of Cummins Inc. that remanufactures Cummins engines and components.

Reconfigurable Pinout Pinout structure with more than one signal mapped to it that can be changed to suit the application.

Rectifier An electrical one way check-valve.

Red Stop Engine Lamp The Red Stop Engine Lamp displays critical operator messages and diagnostic fault codes.

Re-entrant Combustion Bowl Piston bowl design used to create a swirl pattern in the injected fuel to facilitate more complete combustion.

Regeneration The oxidation of soot trapped on the walls of the particulate filter.

Relay A device that uses electrical current to open and close a circuit upon demand.

Remote Accelerator Interlock Feature that prevents the ECM from switching control of engine speed from the Accelerator to the Remote Throttle until the remote throttle is requesting less fueling. This feature also prevents switching control back to the Accelerator until it is requesting less fuel than the Remote Throttle.

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Term Definition

Remote Throttle a) Engine speed control outside the vehicle cab. b) Programmable feature that, when enabled, allows the accelerator input to be switched from the cab accelerator to an OEM mounted switch.

Remote Throttle Interlock Non-programmable feature that causes the ECM to prevent switching control of engine speed to the remote throttle when it is requesting more fuel than the cab accelerator. This feature also prevents switching control back to the cab accelerator when it is requesting more fuel than the remote accelerator.

Repair Event Solution Results Selecting a radio button in the repair event solution area then selecting the submit button at the bottom of the area will record your selection in the diagnostic session.

Repair History The repair history screen shows a list of previous diagnostic sessions for a given engine serial number.

Repair History Tab Select the repair history tab to see all prior diagnostic sessions for a given engine serial number.

REPTO Rear Engine Power Take-Off

Reservoir A storage container for fluid. See also Makeup Tank

RESET The RESET button clears the search symptoms and restarts the search.

Reset Password ECM password used to reset the engine monitorable and vehicle information stored in the ECM.

Residual Stress The stress that remains in a metal component after it has been manufactured or altered. There are two common types of residual stress: tensile and compressive stress.

Resistance The opposition to current flow.

Resistor Devices that limit current flow due to the type of material from which they are constructed.

Retarded Injection Timing Injection that occurs later in the compression stroke when compared to base timing. With retarded timing the start of injection occurs less crank angle degrees before top dead center (BTDC).

Retarded Timing Slow timing, meaning the fuel injection or ignition occurs closer to TDC in the cylinder.

Revolutions Per Minute The number of rotations amounting to 360 degrees an object rotates in one minute.

RFI Radio Frequency Interference

Rheostat A type of variable resistor.

Rich Mixture An air fuel mixture with an excess of fuel. When burned a rich mixture will have carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust.

Right Bank The side of the engine on the right when viewing the engine from the rear.

Right Hand Threads Typical fastener threads that require turning the fastener counter clockwise to loosen and clockwise to tighten.

Right-Bank The right side of a high horsepower gas engine when it is viewed from the flywheel end. (Formerly referred to as the B-Bank)

Right-Click A technique where the right mouse button is pressed and released.

Ring Valve Pressure regulating ring installed on the injector at the drain port.

Ringfader A device used to join a gear to a shaft without the need for a press fit or woodruff key.

Roll To turn about the horizontal axis.

Rotating Bending Fatigue When a shaft is subjected to rotating bending fatigue, cracking can be expected to initiate anywhere on the shaft. With the repetitive application of the rotating bending load, the crack progresses until the ultimate strength of the shaft is exceeded and fracture results.

RPM See Revolutions per Minute

RSGR Password The INSITE password that provides functionality to modify all of the features and parameters except maximum road speed but does not allow the ECM to be calibrated.

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Term Definition

RTV Room Temperature Vulcanizing Compound - material used for form-in-place gaskets.

RTV Gasket Material Room Temperature Vulcanizing or Room Temperature Vulcanization.

Rubber Damper A vibration damper used to reduce vibration and noise.

Saddle Jet Style of piston cooling nozzle used on lower horsepower engines.

SAE The Society of Automotive Engineers

Safety Screen/Fuel Pump Drive Located between the pump and fuel pump drive, prevents damaged parts from entering the gear train in the event of pump failure.

Salvageable Items that can be repaired and re-used according to Cummins service publications.

SCA See Supplemental Coolant Additive.

Schematic A diagram that shows the functional relationship of components and the signal flow between them.

Scissor Gear A two part gear that uses springs and adjustable capscrews to apply tension.

SCR See Selective Catalyst Reduction

Scraper Ring The bottom compression ring with an angled face used to scrape lubricating engine oil from the liner walls to control oil consumption.

Scroll Bar The Window tool that can be used to move through a window when more information is contained than can be displayed at one time.

SEARCH The SEARCH button executes a search with your current search query.

Search by DSID Every diagnostic session has a diagnostic session ID (e.g. DS592). If you know the diagnostic session ID, you can enter it in the search by DSID data entry box and select the search button. The details for the given diagnostic session will be displayed.

Search by Solution Number Every solution in EDS has a solution ID (e.g. K16798249). If you know the solution ID, you can enter it in the search by solution number data entry box and select the search button. The details for the given solution will be displayed.

Search Control Buttons The search control buttons control the diagnostic search in EDS. They include the following: <<PREV.., Reset, Update and Search.

Search Result Page Navigation If there are many solutions that match your query, only the first 8 will be displayed in the search results area, the additional solutions on displayed on additional search results pages. These navigation buttons can be used to view these additional search results pages.

Search Results Area The search results area displays solutions that match your query.

Seawater Pump The Seawater Pump circulates seawater into the engine for cooling purposes.

Secondary Position Sensor The secondary/backup engine speed and position sensor takes its measurement from the camshaft tone wheel.

Sector Gear The gear used to move the Nozzle Ring.

Sector Gear Positioning Tool Tool used to lock the Sector Gear in place.

Sector Gear Travel Gauges Gauges used to check the travel range of the Sector Gear.

Security Key A diskette based method of maintaining software security.

Selective Catalytic Reduction An Aftertreatment System that introduces or doses a urea and water solution into the exhaust stream in order to improve catalytic action and reduce NOx.

Selective Leaching Results when one element of metal is singled out for corrosive attack by weak organic acids created by normal engine operation. Additives in the lubricating oil neutralize these acids.

Semi-conductor Materials whose atoms are neither especially good or poor at giving up electrons. Semi-conductors are important in electronics because they are used to make transistors and integrated circuits. Silicon is an example.

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Term Definition

Semi-Displacement Hull Hull type combines the characteristics of a displacement hull for stability and a planing hull for higher speed. Often has a vertical bow, Champagne Glass profile, flat and squared stern, includes chines and may include a keel.

Serial Number A number showing the position of an item in a series.

Series Circuit A circuit in which the current flows in only one path from the source to the load and from the load back to the source to complete the circuit.

Series/Parallel Circuit A circuit in which part of the circuit is connected in series and part of the circuit is connected in parallel with the source.

Serpentine Belt Compound curve drive belt that uses both sides of the belt to drive engine components.

Service Information Rule Regulations that allow end users or other service personnel to access the required information for service. These rules require specific naming standards for parts.

Service Manual A combination of older style shop manuals and base engine troubleshooting and repair manuals.

Service Tools Equipment that has been approved to make repairs on Cummins engines.

Session Details The session details area displays information about the diagnostic session including the following: diagnostic session ID (DSID), current owner of the diagnostic session, current status of the diagnostic session either open or closed, creation time of the diagnostic session and time of the most recent update to the session.

Shear A force created when two components with sharp edges slide toward each other, entrapping a third component. The two sharp edges try to slide the surfaces of the third component along the shear plane.

Shear Loading Results when a third component is trapped between two components sliding toward each other on a parallel plane. As the movement continues, the trapped component is sheared along the shear plane.

Shelf Life for Diesel Fuel Six to twelve months but in extreme conditions that time could be much shorter.

Shim A thin slip or wedge or metal used between machined parts to compensate for wear.

Short Circuit A current flow through a path with very little resistance. This can be intentional such as with a closed switch or an unintentional path such as physical damage to connectors or wiring or defective electrical components.

Shot Peening A common metal working practice that mechanically establishes a desirable surface residual compressive stress. Most connecting rods are shot peened.

Show Group Worklist Link Selecting the show group worklist link will expand the work list display to include all diagnostic sessions in your workgroup, including those that you have not interacted with.

Shroud Gauge Tool Tool used to check the Nozzle Vanes for bending.

Sight Glass Clear service tool used to check the fuel supply for air in the fuel system.

Signature Cummins 15 liter, dual overhead camshaft, 600 horsepower engine.

Single Load Fracture The result of one load application that exceeds the ultimate strength of the part or component.

Single Pole Switches Single pole, single throw switches are used as ON/OFF type switches in the electrical system. These switches either complete an electrical circuit or break the circuit.

Sintering A method of producing components with powdered metal.

SIR See Service Information Rule

Skew Rotation of the propeller blade about the hub axis in relation to a line perpendicular to the hub.

Slag The refuse or scum that forms on the surface of molten metal.

Small Installer Plate Plate used with the bushing replacer handle to install the new cross shaft bushing.

SN See Serial Number

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Term Definition

Snap Shot Data The value or state of the control system sensors and switches at the time a fault occurred. This information is recorded for each occurrence of a logged fault code to assist in troubleshooting engine problems.

Software A series of instructions for the computer.

Solder Bloom Corrosion of the soldered joints in a radiator or oil cooler caused by antifreeze with depleted corrosion inhibitors. Solder bloom can cause the tube-to-header joints to become weakened and corrosion can restrict coolant flow.

Solenoid An electromechanical device that uses the magnetic field created by electrical current in a coil of wire to produce mechanical movement such as the opening of a valve.

Solution Attributes The solution attributes section lists the symptoms and components related to this solution. The date that this solution was last modified is listed at the bottom of this section.

Solution Compare Button The solution compare button initiates a comparison of selected solutions in the search result listing area.

Solution Content Feedback Use the solution content feedback area to provide feedback to the Cummins support engineers who created the solution.

Solution Details Screen The solution details screen is used to display a specific solution in EDS.

Solution Print Button The solution print button will generate a print page for the solution.

Solution Title Link The title of each solution that matches your query is displayed in the search results area. Selecting a solution title will show the details for that solution.

Solution Verification and Resolution

The primary elements of a solution appear in the solution verification and resolution section; the title, core issue, verification and resolution.

Specific Fault Code Driven Trees Specific Fault Code driven trees are used when an active or inactive fault is logged.

Spill Ring Pressure regulating ring installed on the injector at the drain port.

Spin Box A numerical user entry box in which the desired response can be entered directly in the box or can be scrolled though using arrow icons.

SPN Standard Suspect Parameter

Spool Valve Sliding valve that controls fuel pressure.

Spur Gears Gears utilizing straight cut teeth.

SRT See Standard Repair Time

SSM 558 See CM558

Stage 1 Fuel Filter 7-15 micron fuel filter containing the WIF sensor. Filters the fuel drawn directly from the tank.

Stage 2 Fuel Filter Filters the fuel prior to entering the high pressure pump. 3-5 micron pressure side fuel filter.

Stanadyne DB4 The Stanadyne DB4 distributor-type fuel injection pump can be found on B series power generation applications.

Standard Repair Time(s) The established measurement of time allowed to perform repairs on Cummins engines and their components.

Standby Power Generation Engines that supply emergency power for the duration of a utility power outage. This rating should be applied where reliable utility power is available and may not be run in parallel with the public utility.

Star Ground Multi-point grounding location where each device is connected to a separate grounding location.

Starboard The right side of the vessel, when facing the bow or front of the vessel, is referred as the starboard side.

Starboard Beam Right side of a vessel.

Starter Lockout Relay Driver Override Test

The Starter Lockout Relay Driver Override Test allows the user to manually override the starter lockout relay driver.

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Term Definition

Static Balance The propeller is placed on a tight fitting mandrel and placed on a balance stand and rotated. Material is removed from the heavy side until the blades are in equal balance.

Static Injection Timing The amount of injection travel on the injector camshaft lobe remaining when the piston is 5.161 mm (0.2032 in), or 17.5 degrees before top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke.

Stationary (Parked) Regeneration Regeneration initiated by user interaction.

Stationary Regeneration Regeneration initiated by user interaction.

Status Bar A textual display indicating the current status of the program.

Steel The production of steel closely resembles that of iron except the process is closely controlled to reduce the carbon remaining in the metal.

Stepped Installer Plate Plate used with the bushing replacer handle to install the new cross shaft lip seal.

Stern The stern of a vessel is the rear or aft-most part of a ship or boat. The stern lies opposite of the bow; the foremost part of a ship.

Stiffener Plate Plate mounted to the skirt of the block to provide for increased block rigidity.

Stoichiometric Mixture The Stoichiometric mixture is the chemically perfect combination of air and fuel that will allow complete combustion. Under ideal conditions the burning of a stoichiometric mixture would yield only CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water).

STOR See Straight Thread O-Ring

STORM See Straight Thread O-Ring

Straight Thread O-Ring Type of fitting used to seal many of the access ports in the block. This style fitting provides improved sealing capabilities when compared with tapered pipe-thread fittings. May be AN, SAE, JIC, or Metric thread.

StrataPore Filter Media Multi-layered filter media which provides improved durability and filtration capability.

Strength A property of metal that resists stress. The three values of strength are yield strength, fatigue strength, and ultimate strength.

Stress Force per unit area.

Stress Concentration Any internal or external irregularity in a part that creates an area for a concentration of stress. A stress concentration can be a surface notch, such as threads or a groove, or an abrupt change in the cross section that is part of the component`s design.

Stress-Strain Curve A line chart that illustrates the deformation of metal. It consists of a temporary deformation range, a yield point, and a permanent deformation range.

Stringers Lines of impurities in metal caused by elongation of inclusions during hot rolling or forging.

Stroke The distance from the top of a piston`s travel to the bottom or the distance a piston travels during one half turn of the crankshaft.

Stub The J1939 Datalink connection from service tools or other vehicle controllers that attaches to the J1939 backbone. The stubs are restricted to approximately 1 meter in length to minimize interference. The stub is constructed with shielding and twisted pair wires.

Stubs See Stub

Subsurface Origin Contact stress fatigue that occurs at the location of an internal stress concentration.

Suction Side Filter Primary filtration filter.

Supplemental Coolant Additive Additive package used in diesel engine cooling systems to prevent scale, corrosion, and pitting of cooling system components.

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Term Definition

Surface Origin Contact stress fatigue that involves a combination of rolling and sliding action which causes small fatigue cracks to start at the surface and progress downward into the metal.

Surface Rolling A common method of imparting residual stress in fillets and cylindrical surfaces on crankshafts.

Switch A device that intentionally breaks the electrical path. A switches is used to open and a close circuit.

Switched Droop Switched Droop provides the user the ability to select multiple breakpoint speeds and the droops associated with those speeds by way of an OEM-provided switch.

Switched Speed Inputs Up to five adjustable parameters that determine the engine speed at which the ECM will attempt to hold the engine when operating under ISC mode of operation using a multi-position switch.

SWP Safe Work Procedure

Sympathy Sympathy involves taking on another`s emotions. Sympathy may create problems in reaching an equitable solution for both parties.

Symptom Driven Fault Trees Symptom driven fault trees are used when there is an engine complaint but there are no active fault codes pertaining to that complaint.

Symptom Query Entry Text Box The symptom query entry text box is used to enter symptoms to start a diagnostic search.

Synchronization The act of changing the genset speed and as a result the alternator`s output frequency so that one alternator`s waveform is aligned with others in operation.

TA Luft A European standard for engine emissions. It is equal to 1 gram per brake horsepower hour of NOx

Tabs The areas in the INSITE screen that appear like the top edge of a file folder. These tabs are selected to navigate through the INSITE screens.

Tappets Camshaft followers or Lifters.

Targeted Piston Cooling Nozzles Targeted Piston Cooling Nozzles are used to deliver lubrication to the pistons.

TBAP See Temperature Barometric and Atmospheric Pressure

TCIT See Turbocharger Compressor Inlet Temperature Sensor

TDC Top dead center. The engine position where the number one cylinder piston is at the uppermost point in the travel.

Technical Service Bulletin Documents that Cummins has developed to communicate updates to service information.

Teflon A fluorocarbon polymer with slippery, nonsticking properties. See also polytetrafluoroethylene

Temperature Barometric and Atmospheric Pressure Sensor

The Temperature Barometric and Atmospheric Pressure Sensor is located on the outlet of the air cleaner housing and measures air temperature and pressure.

Tempering A heat treatment process for steel which relieves internal stresses and increases its ductility and toughness.

Temporary Repair Practices (TRPs)

Identify the specific engine or service parts after they have been sold by Cummins and describe the repairs to be performed to them during a specific period of time or a specified amount of operation; are not a proactive repair event and should be completed when identified by a failure described in the publication.

Temporary Repairs Repairs performed to allow limited operation of the engine or equipment unit on which a permanent repair can be made.

Tensile Loading A load that stretches or pulls a part.

Tensile Strength The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measured by the minimum amount of longitudinal stress required to rupture the material.

Tensile Test Produces an evaluation of a metal`s ability to withstand tensile loading.

Tension A stress or load that causes a material to elongate.

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Term Definition

Tensioner Pulley Spring loaded self adjusting pulley used to maintain a drive belt at the desired belt tension.

Termination Plug 120 ohm resistor installed in each end of the J1939 backbone.

Termination Resistor One of the two 120 ohm resistors connected in parallel in the J1939 backbone circuit.

Test Ports Ports used to connect external gauges.

TF Tree Trees for troubleshooting fault codes based on the fault codes reported by the ECM.

Thermal Insulation Material that will help keep the heat from escaping. Some of these would be foamed plastics, mineral or glass fibers.

Thermal Process Imparting residual stress in a part through the use of heat. In addition to heat, restraint is necessary both during the heating and cooling process.

Thermistor A type of resistor containing semiconductors, which vary predictably and rapidly with changes in temperature.

Thermocouple A device that uses the electrical potential created by dis-similar metals to measure temperature.

Thermostat An automatic temperature sensing device utilizing a mechanical valve to regulate the flow path of a fluid.

Thin Film Lubrication In thin film lubricated areas, the load of a moving part operates on a thin film of lubricant.

Three Position Switch A Three Position Switch is used to make three different selections.

Three-Way Catalyst Exhaust system component used to reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines. Three-way refers to the three regulated emissions it helps to reduce, carbon monoxide, VOCs (volatile organic compounds/chemicals) and NOx molecules.

Throttle Control Processor Module The Cummins electronic throttle and shift uses a throttle control processor module to control the engine and transmission.

Throttle Control Processor Module Interface Harness

A throttle control processor module interface harness connects between the throttle control processor module and the vessel’s engine or engines and transmission or transmissions.

Throttle Droop Feature that determines the drop in engine speed allowed before increasing fueling.

Throttle Position Sensor Part of the accelerator pedal assembly that sends a pedal position signal to the ECM. This device is a potentiometer that produces a varying voltage as it is moved through the operating range.

Throws The number of switch positions.

Thrust Bearing A bearing that controls the amount of endplay of a shaft.

Thruster Dataplate The thruster dataplate displays information about the thruster.

Thruster Interface Data Harness The thruster interface data harness connects between the controller area network data harness tee and the thruster interface module.

Thruster Interface Module The thruster interface module communicates with the inboard joystick and is powered by a controller area network.

Thruster Tunnel The thruster tunnel houses the drive leg, zinc anode, and the propeller.

Tier 3 Government emission regulations applicable to diesel engines used in off-road applications.

Tier 4 Government emission regulations applicable to diesel engines used in off-road applications.

Time to Plane The time it takes a vessel to reach planning from a dead stop.

Timing Pin Tool used to hold the crankshaft into position.

Timing Sleeve Device in the fuel pump used to vary the injection timing based on its relative position to the pumping plunger.

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Term Definition

Timing Speed Ring A ring positioned on the camshaft via a D-flat feature used by the camshaft speed sensor to determine the position of the engine, and also acts as a backup for the main speed sensor.

Timing Wedges Angled service tools used to hold the injector camshaft and valve camshaft in the desired position for base engine timing. The appropriate wedges, per CPL, are tapped into position between flats on the appropriate camshaft and the cylinder head wall.

Tip Clearance The shortest distance between the tip of the propeller and the bottom of the vessel.

Toggle To move a switch from its current position.

Tone Wheel Notched ring, Commonly installed on the crankshaft or camshaft. The notches or protrusions are used as targets for a speed or position sensor.

Toolbar A group of buttons displayed on a computer screen that are used to activate functions.

Top Dead Center (TDC) The uppermost position of the piston in the cylinder. At top dead center the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft rod journal form a straight line.

Top Deck The machined surface on the top of the cylinder block that the cylinder head mounts to.

Torque A turning or twisting force

Torque Converter Cooler A water to oil cooler used to reduce the temperature of the oil in the torque converter

Torque Plus Angle A tightening procedure that provides a more consistent clamping force than torque only. This is accomplished by torquing to a specification and then rotating an additional specified number of degrees.

Torque Plus Turn A tightening procedure that provides a more consistent clamping force than torque only. This is accomplished by torquing to a specification and then rotating an additional specified number of degrees.

Torsion A load that tries to twist a part. Distributes stress on the component unevenly.

Torsional Loading A load that twists a part. Stress is distributed unevenly over the diameter of the part. Stress is greatest at the surface and zero at the center of the shaft.

Tortional Vibration Twisting of an object as it rotates.

Total Base Number A measure of an oil`s resistance to acid

TPS See Throttle Position Sensor

Track The propeller is rotated about its axis, the blades should all follow the same line about the shaft

Transducer Device for converting one form of energy into another form of energy. A microphone is one type of transducer.

Transit Bus An engine that powers a bus for inter and intra-city public transportation of passengers.

Trapped Volume Spill Port Fuel passage that relieves fuel pressure in the injector cup after injection. Fuel flow enters the TVS from the cup and returns to the fuel tank through the drain line.

Troubleshooting and Repair Manual

Manual that contains helpful information to help troubleshoot an engine problem.

TRP See Temporary Repair Practice

TS Tree Troubleshooting Symptoms trees for troubleshooting base engine symptoms such as excessive noise, engine will not start, and low oil pressure.

TSB See Technical Service Bulletin

TT Tree More involved symptom based troubleshooting trees for troubleshooting performance based complaints.

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Term Definition

Tufftrided Nitriding and nitro-carburizing are low temperature, low distortion heat treatments carried out to enhance the surface properties of finished or near finished ferrous components. These processes are used to increase the hardness of the outer surface of a metal. Nitro-carburizing is a generic term covering salt bath treatments such as tufftriding.

Turbine The portion of the turbocharger that is driven by the exhaust gases.

Turbine Housing The outlet of the Turbocharger.

Turbocharger Centrifugal air pump or blower driven by exhaust gas turbine. It fills the engine cylinders with fresh air at a higher pressure than atmospheric.

Turbocharger Compressor Intake Pressure and Temperature Sensor

The Turbocharger Compressor Intake Pressure and Temperature sensor is a combination pressure/temperature sensor used to measure pressure and temperature of the air entering the turbocharger.

Turbocharger Compressor Intake Temperature Sensor

Sensor used by the ECM to monitor the compressor intake air temperature.

Turbocharger Control Shutoff Valve ECM operated valve that shuts off the air to the variable geometry turbocharger control valve and actuator. This eliminates a leak path for air when the engine is shut off.

Turbocharger Control Valve The valve that controls the air flow to the variable geometry actuator. This valve receives a signal from the ECM.

Turbocharger Dataplate Identifying information for a turbocharger.

Turbocharger Drain Line The Turbocharger Drain Line drains oil back to the oil pan

Turbocharger Oil Supply Line The Turbocharger Oil Supply Line carries oil to the turbocharger.

Turbocharger Speed Sensor This sensor measures the rotational speed of the turbocharger shaft and helps the ECM determine that the system is functioning and prevents overspeeding of the turbocharger.

Turbocharger Wastegate Actuator The turbocharger wastegate actuator, located on the turbocharger, consists of a pressure canister, diaphragm, and rod. As the pressure changes in the canister, as dictated by the turbocharger wastegate control valve, the actuator rod adjusts the turbocharger wastegate valve accordingly.

Turbocharger Wastegate Control Valve

The turbocharger wastegate control valve regulates the percentage of the intake manifold pressure sent to the turbocharger wastegate actuator.

Turbocharger Wastegate Valve The turbocharger wastegate valve is mounted inside the turbocharger in the turbine housing. As the valve opens, exhaust gas is allowed to bypass the turbine wheel, lowering turbine speed to adjust the intake manifold pressure.

Turbulence Generators Small variations in the wall of the tubes, on the exhaust side of the EGR cooler. They create turbulent flow that helps clean deposits from the walls, in effect making the cooler self-cleaning.

TVS Port See Trapped Volume Spill Port.

Two-stage Turbocharging An air system that connects two turbochargers in series to increase boost pressure.

UFS See Unintended Fueling Sensor

Ultimate Strength The amount of force the metal with stands prior to fracture.

Unintended Fueling Sensor Sensor installed in both the front and rear metering rails to provide a signal to the ECM used to detect excessive or inappropriate pressure. The ECM then shuts down fuel flow to the engine.

Unit Injector A high pressure pumping element and injection nozzle built into a common housing located at the cylinder.

Unlimited Prime Power An engine used for an unlimited number of hours per year in a variable load application. The total operating time at 100% prime power shall not exceed 500 hours per year with the variable load not exceeding a 70% average during a 250 hour period. This rating may not run in parallel with a public utility.

Unrepaired Engine Tradeout A Cummins procedure that authorizes a cash settlement to the customer towards the replacement of a new or remanufactured engine.

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Term Definition

Unswitched Battery Power Circuit that provides power to a component that is not dependent on the keyswitch position.

UPDATE The UPDATE button updates the search query with any changes you have made, such as removing a symptom.

Upper Deck A platform or floor above the main deck.

Urea Injection Nozzle The urea injection nozzle is fabricated from stainless steel with ceramic insulation and four angle drilled spray holes and is used to deliver the urea into the exhaust system.

Urea Solution Heater The Urea Solution Heater is an in tank feature that is used to keep the urea from freezing.

Urea Solution Level/Temperature Sensor

The Urea Solution Level/Temperature Sensor monitors the level and temperature of the urea.

Urea Tank The container used to store the Urea solution.

URL Uniform Resource Locator -The official name of a website address.

User Activated Datalogger Feature that provides the ability to capture specific engine operating parameters under certain conditions.

Vacuum Pump The vacuum pump supplies the OEM with a vacuum source for a hydraulic brake boosting system to reduce operator braking effort.

Valve Guides The Valve Guides are pressed into the cylinder heads during manufacture. The valve`s movements are controlled by the replaceable valve guides.

Valve Seats Create a seal between the valves and the intake and exhaust ports.

Valve Stem Seals The Valve Stem Seals are installed on the valve guides. The valve stem seals limit the volume of oil transferred to the valve stems.

Vane Aerodynamically shaped blades in the turbine housing of the Turbocharger

Variable Geometry Actuator The actuator that controls the position of the variable geometry turbocharger nozzle ring.

Variable Geometry Actuator Cross Shaft

The cross shaft converts the sliding motion of the actuator rod into a rotating motion to rotate the yoke.

Variable Geometry Actuator Cross Shaft Yoke

The yoke converts the rotating motion from the cross shaft into the sliding motion used to move the nozzle ring.

Variable Geometry Air-Actuated Turbocharger

A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby quickly increasing backpressure in the exhaust system.

Variable Geometry Electronically Actuated Turbocharger

A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby quickly increasing backpressure in the exhaust system.

Variable Geometry Turbocharger A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby quickly increasing backpressure in the exhaust system.

Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator

The electronic actuator that controls the position of the variable geometry turbocharger nozzle ring. This actuator receives a signal from the ECM.

Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator/Position Sensor Reading

The Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator has an internal function of monitoring the position of the shroud inside the turbocharger. INSITE will display this position as a Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator/Position Sensor Reading.

Variable Resistor A resistor with the ability to have its resistance value changed.

Variable Speed Governor See All Speed Governor

Variable Speed Signal A condition input signal that has a voltage which goes low then high to provide a frequency that the ECM uses to govern engine speed to a desired speed.

VECU See Vehicle Electronic Control Unit

Vehicle Electronic Control Unit An OEM installed electronic control unit.

Vehicle Speed Governor Similar to a Road Speed Governor

Vehicle Speed Sensor Sensor that tells the ECM the vehicle speed.

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Term Definition

Venturi (Gas) Component used to divert approximately 10% of the fuel to flow past the gas mass flow sensor wires.

Venturi (Oil) Funnel shaped nozzle inside the oil filter which uses oil flow through the full flow filtering media to pull oil through the bypass media.

Venturi Filter Provides lubrication filtration for the bypass flow and utilizes the venturi flow concept to promote flow through the bypass filter.

Venturi Mixer The Venturi Mixer creates a pressure drop in the venturi throat that assists in drawing more exhaust gas, to get the necessary EGR flow rate.

Venturi Nozzle Funnel shaped nozzle inside the oil filter which uses oil flow through the full flow filtering media to pull oil through the bypass media.

Venturi Style Mixer A style of EGR mixer, that combines the EGR gas and fresh intake air by using a venturi to create a pressure drop.

VGT See Variable Geometry Turbocharger

VGT Actuator The electronic actuator that controls the position of the variable geometry turbocharger nozzle ring. This actuator receives a signal from the ECM.

Vibration A rapid linear motion of a particle or of an elastic solid about an equilibrium position.

View (Read-Only) Link Selecting a view (read-only) link for a diagnostic session will open the diagnostic session for viewing. You will be able to navigate in the diagnostic session and read any notes or attachments, but you will not be able to update or change a diagnostic session in view mode.

Viewbar A column where the most commonly used functions in INSITE are available through the use of icons.

Viscosity A fluid`s resistance to flow.

Viscosity Improvers Lubricant additives that are added to a low-viscosity oil to improve its high temperature lubricating characteristics.

Viscous Damper A vibration damper used to reduce vibration and noise.

Voltage Electrical pressure.

Voltmeter Used to measure the difference in voltage between two points in an electrical circuit.

Volute Rear portion of the coolant pump.

VR Sensor Variable Reluctance Sensor. Speed sensing device utilizing a target passing through a magnetic field to generate a signal that is sent to the ECM.

VSS Variable Speed Signal. See also Vehicle Speed Sensor

Wait to Start Lamp On applications equipped with the Wait to Start Lamp, the lamp indicates the operator has turned the key switch to an engine run position, but should wait to start the engine.

Warranty Alert(s) Documents used to communicate changes in the Warranty Administration Manual such as: warranty coverage, practices and procedures.

Warranty Failure Codes Failure Codes are six letter codes that identify the component that failed on the engine and the nature of the failure.

Warranty Start Date The date on which recording begins for the hours, kilometers, mileage or time limits for product warranty.

Warranty Term Limits Product warranty expiration dates; they are determined by one of four occurrences: expiration date of the applicable warranty, miles, kilometers or operating hours (whichever of these occurs first determines the product warranty expiration date).

Wastegate A mechanical device that allows exhaust to bypass the turbocharger turbine, regulating boost.

Wastegate Control Valve The Wastegate Control Valve controls the air pressure to the turbocharger actuator.

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Term Definition

Wastegate Controller The wastegate controller is used to stabilize boost pressure in the turbocharger system.

Wastegated Turbocharger A style of turbocharger that allows some of the exhaust gases to bypass the turbine wheel under higher engine speeds thereby limiting the among of turbocharger boost.

Water Jacket Aftercooler Water to air aftercooler used on some Cummins engines

Water-In-Fuel A condition that exists when water is present in the fuel, when the fuel itself, is not water.

Water-In-Fuel Sensor Sensor mounted in the bottom of the fuel filter/water separator that indicates if too much water is contained in the bottom of the filter.

Watt The unit of measure for electrical power.

Wear The undesirable removal of material from the surface of a part. It is often associated with the presence of solid particles such as dirt or debris.

Weld Spatter Weld Spatter is little droplets of molten material that are generated at or near the welding arc.

Wet Exhaust Manifold The Wet Exhaust Manifold is used to direct exhaust gases to the turbocharger. It is cooled by engine coolant that travels though passages in the opposite direction of the exhaust air.

White Cast Iron Hard, brittle, non-machinable cast iron produced by rapid cooling. Its properties make it unsuitable for the manufacture of most engine parts.

Wide Open Throttle (WOT) Operating the vessel with the throttle completely open.

Wide Range Capable Engine capable of operating on a lower quality fuel. Wide Range Capable engines can operate with a methane number as low as 65.

WIF See Water-In-Fuel

WIF Sensor See Water-In-Fuel Sensor

Windows The most commonly used operating system for personal computers.

Wiring Diagram A diagram that shows the wire routing between components. Wiring diagrams include connector numbers, wire numbers and signal names. These diagrams associate the electrical with the physical to the replaceable component level.

Wiring Harness Distributes power to engine electrical components. The wiring harness also routes signals to and from equipment associated with the engine and its accessories.

Wizard A group of screens and/or instructions to help guide the process of performing a specified task.

WWW World Wide Web

Yaw To turn about the vertical axis.

Yield Point The point at which force exceeds the metal`s yield strength.

Yield Strength The amount of force a metal can withstand without permanently changing shape.

Zinc Anode Zinc anodes, mounted in front of, or behind the propeller, are in place to protect against corrosion of any metal exposed below the vessel`s water line.

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