Globin Protein & Function of Protein

( Clinical Nutrition )Physician - Epidemiologist / Khaled M. Almaz

Assistant lecturer, Community Medicine Department,Aswan University hospital, Aswan, Egypt

Master Degree in Public Health , October 2011Master Degree in Internal Medicine , April 2015

Globin ProteinHemoglobinSulpha-Met Hemoglobin Carbamino Hemoglobin Carboxy Hemoglobin

Notes about Regulating the acid-base balance

Heam : iron ( Fe ) compoundGlobin : Protein ( it is not Globulin )Two prominent members of Globin :1. Myoglobin 2. Hemoglobin ( Hb or Hgb ).

Globin 8 Globins are known to occur in vertebrates: 1. Androglobin , 2. Cytoglobin , 3. Globin E, 4. Globin X, 5. Globin Y, 6. Haemoglobin ( Hb or Hgb ). 7. Myoglobin 8. Neuroglobin .

Hemoglobin Hemoglobin : with Fe 2 .. carry O2 to tissues of

Human body

So Hemoglobin : is good for Human

If low O2 ( Hypoxia ) in Pulse Oximeter & ABG ( Arterial Blood Gas ) , clinically by Physician called Cyanosis … for diagnosis of many diseases as :-

1. Respiratory Failure , 2. Complete 3rd degree Heart Block in ECG , 3. Congenital Cyanotic Heart diseases.

Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb ).In mammals, The protein makes up About 96 % of RBCs ; Red Blood Cells dry content ( by weight ) , Around 35 % of the total content >>>>>>> ( including : water )

Types of Hemoglobin in humans

In the fetus: Hemoglobin F

After birth : 1. Hemoglobin A : most common with a normal amount over

95%2. Hemoglobin A2 : normal range of 1.5–3.5%3. Hemoglobin F

Hemoglobin is involved in the transport of other gases

1 - O2 : Hemoglobin has an O2 -binding capacity of 1.34 mL O2 per gram, which increases the total blood O2

capacity 70 -fold compared to dissolved O2 in blood. The mammalian hemoglobin molecule can bind (carry) up to 4 O2 molecules.

Hemoglobin is involved in the transport of other gases

2- Body's Respiratory CO2 ; Carbon Dioxide (about 20–25% of the total ) as carbamino-hemoglobin, in which CO2 is bound to the globin protein.

3- Regulatory molecule NO ; nitric oxide bound to a globin protein thiol group, releasing it at the same time as O2.

Myoglobin : in the muscle tissue Haptoglobin : used to screen for and monitor intravascular hemolytic anemia.

Met Hemoglobin : with Fe 3 .. not carry

O2 to tissues of Human body

So Met Hemoglobin : is harmful for Human

Sulpha-Met Hemoglobin : with H2S gas

Carboxy Hemoglobin : CO gas not CO2 gas

Carbamino Hemoglobin : in which CO2 is bound to the globin protein.

Ashyxiants – Simple Ashyxiants :

– Nitrogen ---------- fertilizers industry– Methane ---------refrigerators

– Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) ---------- fuels

– Chemical Ashyxiants :–Carbon Monoxide ( CO ) gas –Hydrogen Sulphide ( H2S ) gas– Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) --- electroplating of metal

Gases ,, Diseases due to Chemical agentsChemical Occupational Hazards

Sulpha-Met Hemoglobin : with H2S gas .. not carry O2 to tissues of Human body

So Sulpha-Met Hemoglobin : is harmful for HumanOccupational Medicine : Chemical Hazards Exposure :

Hydrogen sulphide ( H2S ) gas : >>>>>>>>>> petrolium industry job place

Carboxy Hemoglobin : with CO gas .. not carry O2 to tissues of Human body

So Carboxy Hemoglobin : is harmful for HumanOccupational Medicine : Chemical Hazards Exposure :

Carbon Monoxide ( CO ) gas : >>>>>>>>>> 1. iron & steel industry, 2.cement industry

Pulse Oximeter

Pulse Oximeter

ABG ( Arterial Blood Gas )

Laboratory important results in ABG ( Arterial Blood Gas )

Complete 3rd degree Heart Block in ECG

Complete 3rd degree Heart Block in ECG

Complete 3rd degree Heart Block in ECG

Chronic Bronchitis (COPD) : BB Blue Bloater is dominant

عنده ان air wayانه حيث ضيق air wayضيق نفسهالمريضمن يحصله obstructive hypo ventilationيعاني hypoxiaيقوم

يعمل انه ؟؟؟ بايه يعوضها هو hyper ventilation compensatoryطب

عنده هو بالك خلي ؟؟؟ مشهيقدر وال هيقدر هل هنا airيعني obstructive hypo ventilationالسؤالway ضيق

يعمل هيحاول يعني هيعرف ... hyper ventilationهل يستطيع لن الألن ؟؟ عمل air way alreadyليه في ينجح فلن ابدا hyper ventilationضيق

المريض االخر hypoxicفيظل علىhypoxia هتعملcyanosis وهتعملvasoconstriction in pulmonary arterioles

right sided Heart Failureو pulmonary hypertension ( Pulmonary HTN )والنتيجة

هو عنده blue bloaterهذا كان يعمل obstructionمن Hypo ventilationيعني ومشهيعرفcompensatory hyper ventilation

عنده وهو ازاي obstructive ventilation defectهيعمل

Emphysema (COPD) : PP Pink Puffer is dominant

emphysema بتعملhypoxia

انه :- emphysemaبتاعت hypoxiaولكن نتيجة هنا.i فيهalveoli بrupture

.ii وفيهalveoli وظيفيا تصبح healthyلم

تعمل : ظيفة و blood capillariesمع gas diffusionعشان

شوية emphysemaفتالقي انها Hypoxiaفيها mildويقال

بيعوض hypoxiaفالمريض

يعمل hyper ventilationبانها

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