Globalization, the reformist Left and the Anti-Globalization ‘Movement’ - Takis Fotopoulos

7/30/2019 Globalization, the reformist Left and the Anti-Globalization Movement - Takis Fotopoulos

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Dm|{}dl{3 [eg| d}{glo` kg|lp||`| {e` n`dagab dak |gbaghgldal` fhbofmdog|d{gfa ga }òd{gfa {f {e` ndga {e`f}`{gldo {}àk| fa {e` nd{{`}%regle d}` lfnyd}`k dak lfa{}d|{`k {f {e` Galop|gx` K`nfl}dlwdyy}fdle'/ d| ròo d| rg{e }`h`}àl` {f {e` ad{p}` dak yf{à{gdo fh {e`

y}`|à{ da{g.bofmdog|d{gfa nfx`nà{! G{ g| |efra {ed{ {e` ndga kgxg|gfaga {e` {e`f}`{gldo dadow|g| fh {e` O`h{ fa {e` nd{{`}/ dak do|f rg{ega {e`da{g.bofmdog|d{gfa nfx`nà{/ là{}`| d}fpak {e` l}plgdo g||p` re`{e`}{e` y}`|à{ bofmdog|d{gfa %regle g| lfa|gk`}`k {f o`dk {f d b}frgablfalà{}d{gfa fh `lfafngl dak yfog{gldo yfr`} dak {f da `lf.ld{d|{}fyegl k`xòfynà{' g| }`x`}|gmo` rg{ega {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw|w|{`n/ d| {e`f}g|`k mw {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{/ f} re`{e`} ga|{`dk g{ lda faowm` ògngad{`k rg{ega {e` y}fl`|| fh k`xòfygab d a`r nd|| da{g.|w|{`ngl nfx`nà{/ regle |{d}{| mpgokgab h}fn mòfr d a`r hf}n fhk`nfl}d{gl bofmdog|d{gfa! G{ g| d}bp`k {ed{ |ple da do{`}ad{gx`bofmdog|d{gfa |efpok m` md|`k fa d A`r K`nfl}d{gl Rf}ok F}k`} {ed{ g|hfpak`k fa {e` `tpdo kg|{}gmp{gfa fh yfog{gldo dak `lfafngl yfr`}m`{r`à ad{gfa| dak {e`g} lg{gsà|/ g}}`|y`l{gx` fh bàk`}/ }dl`/`{eaglg{w f} lpo{p}`!

4! Ga{}fkpl{gfa[e` hg}|{ tp`|{gfa {ed{ da ùdngad{gfa fh {e` |f.ldoo`k bofmdog|d{gfag||p` }dg|`| g| red{ kf r` n`da mw bofmdog|d{gfa dak rew g| g{|gbaghglda{6 [eg| g| da gnyf}{da{ tp`|{gfa bgxà {e` y}`|à{ lfahp|gfafa {e` nd{{`}/ yd}{glpod}ow ga kg|lp||gfa| dnfab yfog{glgda|/ cfp}adog|{|dak {e` ogj` mp{/ do|f/ dnfab {e`f}`{glgda| ga {e` O`h{! D{ {e` |dn` {gn`/g{ g| fmxgfp| {ed{ {e` n`dagab dak |gbaghgldal` r` d{{dle {f bofmdog|d{gfa

g| kg}`l{ow }ò`xda{ {f {e` yfog{gldo/ `lfafngl/ |flgdo/ lpo{p}do dak`lfofbgldo gnyogld{gfa| r` d||gba {f bofmdog|d{gfada ùdngad{gfa fh


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regle rgoo ga`xg{dmow o`dk p| {f {e` ndga dyy}fdle`| {f bofmdog|d{gfa![e` lfahp|gfa d}g|`| af{ faow m`ldp|` fh {e` p|pdo odlj fh lod}g{w gak`hgagab bofmdog|d{gfa mp{/ ndgaow/ m`ldp|` fh hpakdnà{do kghh`}àl`|lfal`}agab {e` ad{p}` fh `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa![fkdw/ donf|{ `x`}wmfkw {doj| dmfp{ bofmdog|d{gfa mp{ h`r d{{`ny{ {fk`hga` g{! Efr`x`}/ ld}`hpoow k`hgagab g{ g| gnyf}{da{ m`ldp|` d of{ fhlfahp|gfa fa {e` nd{{`}/ `xà dnfab dadow|{|/ g| l}`d{`k mw {e` hdl{ {ed{kghh`}à{ y`fyo` d{{dle kghh`}à{ n`dagab| {f {e` {`}n bofmdog|d{gfa!Hp}{e`}nf}`/ g{ |efpok af{ m` hf}bf{{à {ed{/ do{efpbe p|pdoow g{g| `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa {ed{ ndaw y`fyo` edx` ga ngak reà {e`w {dojdmfp{ bofmdog|d{gfa/ `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa g| faow fa` d|y`l{/ f} fa`lfnyfaà{' {efpbe {e` ndga fa` fh bofmdog|d{gfa! Ga f{e`} rf}k|/fa` ndw do|f {doj dmfp{ { leafofbgldo/ yfog{gldo/ lpo{p}do dak |flgdobofmdog|d{gfa![ep|/ {`leafofbgldo bofmdog|d{gfa }`h`}| {f {e` a`r lfnnpagld{gfa|{`leafofbw dak {e` gahf}nd{gfa }`xfop{gfa!Yfog{gldo bofmdog|d{gfa }`h`}|{f {e` rg{e`}gab drdw fh {e` ad{gfa.|{d{` d{ o`d|{ d| hd} d| `lfafngl|fx`}`gba{w g| lfal`}a`k'!Z4^Lpo{p}do bofmdog|d{gfa/ }`h`}| {f {e` y}`|à{efnfbàg|d{gfa fh lpo{p}`/ d| ùy}`||`k hf} ga|{dal` mw {e` hdl{ {ed{donf|{ `x`}wmfkw ga {fkdw| bofmdo xgoodb` rd{le`| nf}` f} o`|| {e`|dn` [X |`}gdo| dak xgk`f|/ lfa|pn`| f} d|yg}`| {f lfa|pn` {e`|dn` y}fkpl{| dak |f fa! Hgadoow/ |flgdo bofmdog|d{gfa }`h`}| {f {eèfnfbàg|d{gfa fh {fkdw| nfk` fh ogh` regle g| md|`k fa da

gakgxgkpdog|{ dak lfa|pn`}g|{ lpo{p}`!Do{efpbe {e`|` d|y`l{| f} lfnyfaà{|' fh bofmdog|d{gfa d}` x`}w nplega{`}ogaj`k/ |{goo/ fa` ndw d}bp` {ed{ g{ g| {e` `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa

regle lfakg{gfa| {e` f{e`} lfnyfaà{| fh g{! [eg| g| m`ldp|`/ d| Gd{{`ny{`k {f |efr ò|`re`}`Z=^/ ga d nd}j`{ `lfafnw {e` `lfafnglò`nà{ g| {e` kfngada{ ò`nà{ ga |flg`{w d hdl{/ regle kf`| af{y}`lopk` dp{fafnw fh {e` f{e`} ò`nà{|! Ga f{e`} rf}k|/ {e` }òd{gfa

m`{r`à {e` xd}gfp| ò`nà{| g| d|wnn`{}gldo ga {e` |à|` {ed{ gand}j`{ `lfafng`| g{ g| {e` `lfafngl ò`nà{ regle lfakg{gfa| {e`

yfog{gldo ò`nà{/ re`}`d|/ hf} ga|{dal`/ g{ rd| {e` f{e`} rdw }fpak ga{e` ù.lfnnpag|{ |flg`{g`| ga regle g{ rd| {e` yfog{gldo ò`nà{ {ed{lfakg{gfa`k {e` `lfafngl fa`! Efr`x`}/ {e` }òd{gfa m`{r`à {e`

xd}gfp| ò`nà{| g| do|f fa` fh dp{fafnw dak ga{`}k`yàkàl`! Ga f{e`}rf}k|/ lpo{p}`/ `lfafngl| dak yfog{gl| d}` af{ gak`yàkà{ |ye`}`|/mp{ ga{`}k`yàkà{ dak {eg| g| {e` ld|` `xà ga nd}j`{ `lfafng`| re`}`{e` |`yd}d{gfa ga{f |ye`}`| g| fmxgfp|! \f/ ga {eg| y}fmo`nd{gtp`/ {e`}`g| da ga{`}dl{gab y}fl`|| ga regle `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa g| hdlgog{d{`k

mw {`leafofbgldo bofmdog|d{gfa mp{ do|f àedal`| g{/ yfog{gldobofmdog|d{gfa g| {e` a`l`||d}w lfnyo`nà{ fh `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa/

re`}`d| |flgdo dak lpo{p}do bofmdog|d{gfa d}` {e` ga`xg{dmo` `hh`l{| fh`lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa! Ga {e` }`|{ fh {eg| ydy`}/ d||pngab {ed{ {e` ndga
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lfnyfaà{ f} d|y`l{ fh bofmdog|d{gfa g| {e` `lfafngl fa`/ G rgoolfalà{}d{` fa `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa!

D{ {e` fp{|`{/ r` edx` {f k}dr d lo`d} oga` m`{r`à {e` ld|` fh `lfafnglbofmdog|d{gfa dak ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw!

Bofmdog|d{gfa }`h`}| {f {e` ld|` fh d mf}k`}o`|| bofmdo `lfafnw ga regle`lfafngl ad{gfadog|n ed| m`à `}dkgld{`k daky}fkpl{gfa g{|òh ed|

m`à ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k ga {e` |à|` {ed{ {e` mgb lf}yf}d{gfa| edx`m`lfn` |{d{ò`|| mfkg`| gaxfox`k ga da ga{`b}d{`k ga{`}ado kgxg|gfa fhodmfp} regle |yda| ndaw lfpa{}g`|! Ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa }`h`}| {f {e`ld|` re`}` nd}j`{| edx` m`à ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k/ ga {e` |à|` fh fyà

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}`kpl`k {f {ed{ fh |`lp}gab d |{dmo` h}dn`rf}j hf} {e` `lfafngldoow`hhglgà{ hpal{gfagab fh {e` nd}j`{! Ga {e` |w|{`n fh {e`ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k nd}j`{ `lfafnw/ {e` `lfafngl yfoglg`| fh ad{gfadobfx`}anà{| dak {e` }`y}fkpl{gfa fh {e` b}fr{e `lfafnw g{|òhZ


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lfa{gapfp| ùyda|gfaZ0^fh {}da|ad{gfado lf}yf}d{gfa| %[AL' dak {e`yd}dooò k`xòfynà{ fh {e` @p}f.kfood} nd}j`{/Z8^regle o`k {f g{|ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k hf}n {fkdw! Ga hdl{/ {e` fyàgab dak ogm`}dog|gab fhnd}j`{| rd| |gnyow yd}{ fh d eg|{f}gldo {}àkZ2^regle ed| m`à |`{ ganf{gfa mw {e` òg{`| lfa{}foogab {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw |gal` g{|

`|{dmog|enà{' {f ngagng|` |flgdo lfa{}fo| fx`} nd}j`{| dak yd}{glpod}ow{ef|` dgngab {f y}f{`l{ odmfp} dak {e` àxg}fanà{ {ed{ ga{`}h`}`k rg{e`lfafngl `hhglgàlw dak y}fhg{dmgog{w![ep|/ d| }`bd}k| hg}|{ {e` ga|{g{p{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` fyàgab fh nd}j`{|/lfnnfkg{w nd}j`{| r`}` ga d y}fl`|| fh lfa{gapfp| fyàgab{e}fpbefp{ {e` y`}gfk hfoofrgab {e` |`lfak rf}ok rd} mf{e d{ {e`yoda`{d}w o`xò BD[[ }fpak| fh {d}ghh }`kpl{gfa| |f {ed{ [AL| lfpok`d|gow nfx` lfnnfkg{g`| dnfab {e`g} |pm|gkgd}g`|' dak {e` }`bgfadoo`xò @p}fy`da @lfafngl Lfnnpag{w Z@@L^/ @p}fy`da H}`` [}dk`

D||flgd{gfa Z@H[D^/ Af}{e Dn`}glda H}`` [}dk` Db}``nà{ ZADH[D^/\fp{e`}a Lfa` Lfnnfa Nd}j`{ ZN@]LF\P]^/ {e` D||flgd{gfa fh\fp{e`d|{ D|gda Ad{gfa| ZD\@DA^ D|gd.Ydlghgl @lfafngl Lf.fy`}d{gfaZDY@L^ ga D|gd dak {e` Ydlghgl dak |f fa'! Do|f/ ldyg{do nd}j`{|/ regle

r`}` ga d y}fl`|| fh gahf}ndo fyàgab {e}fpbefp{ {e` 4729|/ r`}`hf}ndoow fyà`k ga M}g{dga dak {e` P\D d{ {e` àk fh {e` k`ldk` reàldyg{do dak ùledab` lfa{}fo| r`}` dmfog|e`k/ hfoofr`k mw {e` }`|{ fh {e`

rf}ok ga {e` 4759| dak {e` 4779| !u` -ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k nd}j`{`lfafnw-\`lfak/ fal` {e` fyàgab fh nd}j`{| rd| ga|{g{p{gfadog|`k/ {e`pagaegmg{`k hofr fh ldyg{do dak lfnnfkg{g`| dl}f|| h}fa{g`}| }`tpg}`k {e`yd}dooò ogm`}dog|d{gfa fh doo nd}j`{| g!`! {e` ngagng|d{gfa fh |flgdolfa{}fo| {ed{ edx` m`à gnyf|`k ga {e` yd|{/ ga {e` lfa{ u{ fh {e` |flgdo|{}pbbo`/ ga f}k`} {f y}f{`l{ epnda odmfp} dak |flg`{w g{|òh h}fn {e`nd}j`{! [e`}`hf}`/ do{efpbe {e` odmfp} nd}j`{| r`}` af{ fyà`k |f{ed{ {e` ùyofg{d{gfa fh le`dy ofldo odmfp}/ yd}{glpod}ow ga {e` \fp{e/lfpok lfa{gap`' {e`g} ogm`}dog|d{gfa rd| do|f a`l`||d}w hf} {e`dkxda{db`| fh fyàgab {e` lfnnfkg{w dak ldyg{do nd}j`{| {f m` hpoowp{gog|`k! Odmfp} edk {f m` ndk` d| hoùgmo` d| yf||gmo`/ |f {ed{ g{ lfpok

m`lfn` `d|gow dkcp|{dmo` {f {e` }dygk ledab`| ga {`leafofbw dak {e`f}bdag|d{gfa fh y}fkpl{gfa![e` ga|{g{p{gfado d}}dab`nà{| {f ogm`}dog|`nd}j`{| galopk`k3

[e` |`{{gab py fh ga{`}ad{gfado }po`| mw {e` R[F regle|pll``k`k {e` BD[[' {ed{ rfpok ndj` {}dk` d| h}`` d| yf||gmo`/{e}fpbe {e` ngagng|d{gfa fh {e` dmgog{w fh ad{gfado bfx`}anà{|{f gnyf|` `hh`l{gx` lfa{}fo| {f y}f{`l{ odmfp} dak {e`àxg}fanà{!

[e` rf}ok.rgk` ga|{g{p{gfadog|d{gfa fh hoùgmo` odmfp} nd}j`{|/ |f

{ed{ {e` lf|{ fh y}fkpl{gfa g| ngagng|`k ndjgab {e` nfx`nà{ fhgax`|{nà{ ldyg{do d| y}fhg{dmo` d| yf||gmo`
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[e` y}gxd{g|d{gfa fh |{d{` à{`}y}g|`|/ regle af{ faow ogm`}d{`knf}` |`l{f}| fh `lfafngl dl{gxg{w h}fn daw `hh`l{gx` hf}n fh |flgdolfa{}fo mp{ do|f bdx` {e` fyyf}{pag{w {f [AL| {f ùydak {e`g}dl{gxg{g`| ga a`r d}`d| /

[e` k}d|{gl |e}gajgab fh {e` ròhd}` |{d{`/ |f {ed{/ fa {e` fa`

edak/ {e` ùyda|gfa fh {e` y}gxd{` |`l{f} ga |flgdo |`}xgl`| lda m`hdlgog{d{`k d{ {e` {gn` fh r}g{gab/ d [}`d{w {f ù{àk {e` h}``kfnfh {}dk` {f ypmogl |`l{f} |`}xgl`| Bd{| g| m`gab kg|lp||`k mw{e` R[F' dak/ fa {e` f{e`}/ d k}d|{gl }`kpl{gfa fh {e` {du mp}kàfa {e` `lfafngl òg{`| g| ndk` yf||gmo`!

[e` d}}dab`nà{| {f ogm`}dog|` {e` nd}j`{| lfa|{g{p{` {e` `||àl` fhred{ ed| m`à ldoo`k a`fogm`}dog|n&a`fogm`}do yfoglg`|ga `hh`l{/ dng|o`dkgab {`}n |gal` |ple yfoglg`| edx` m`à ga{}fkpl`k rf}okrgk` mwbfx`}anà{| fh doo y`}|pd|gfa|/ af{ faow fh {e` ]gbe{ %]`dbda/ {e`

Mp|e hdngow/ [ed{le`} `{ do' mp{ do|f fh {e` O`h{ %red{ G ldoo |flgdo.ogm`}do' ga @p}fy`/ Dp|{}dod|gd `{l! G{ g| {e`}`hf}` lo`d} {ed{ {e`|` yfoglg`|}`ho`l{ {e` |{}pl{p}do ledab`| fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw dak {e`lf}}`|yfakgab mp|ga`|| }`tpg}`nà{| fh od{` nfk`}ag{w: ga {eg| |à|`/{e`w d}` |w|{`ngl f} àkfbàfp| yfoglg`| a`l`||g{d{`k mw {e` kwadngl|fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw! Ga hdl{/ {e` a`fogm`}do yfoglg`| gag{gd{`k mw {e``lfafngl òg{`| fh od{` nfk`}ag{w {f ogm`}dog|` {e` a`row fyà`kga{`}ad{gfado nd}j`{| |gnyow }`y`d{`k d |gngod} y}fl`|| {ed{ rd|gag{gd{`k mw {e` `lfafngl òg{`| fh `d}ow nfk`}ag{w/ d{ {e` m`bgaagab fh{e` 47{elà{p}w/ {f ogm`}dog|` {e` ad{gfado nd}j`{|/ regle edk `n`}b`k

d{ {e` àk fh {e` 45{e là{p}w! \{goo/ hf} {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{/ d| r` |edoo |``ga {e` aù{ |`l{gfa/ a`fogm`}dog|n d| ròo d| bofmdog|d{gfa/ d}` |gnyowp{fygd| {ed{ {e` `lfafngl òg{`| d{{`ny{ {f gnyf|`/ ga {e` lfa{ù{ fh dy}fc`l{ {ed{ dgn| {f l}`d{` {e` lfakg{gfa| pak`} regle {e` a`fogm`}do-{e`f}w- lda m` }`dog|`k$Z5Êfr`x`}/ {e` x`}w hdl{ {ed{ {e`}` g| d m}fdklfa|à|p| m`{r`à doo ndcf} yfog{gldo yd}{g`| ga {e` ndcf} nd}j`{`lfafng`| {f gnyo`nà{ |ple yfoglg`| g| da fmxgfp| gakgld{gfa {ed{ {e`y}`|à{ow pagx`}|do a`fogm`}do yfoglg`|/ hd} h}fn m`gab d p{fygd/ ga hdl{/}`ho`l{ {e` |{}pl{p}do ledab`| fh od{` nfk`}ag{w!

=! \w|{`ngl dak afa.|w|{`ngl dyy}fdle`|{f bofmdog|d{gfa[e` lfahp|gfa dmfp{ {e` ad{p}` fh `lfafngl bofmdog|d{gfa d}g|`| fp{ fh{e` lfahogl{gab da|r`}| bgxà mw {e` xd}gfp| {e`f}`{gldo dyy}fdle`| {fbofmdog|d{gfa fa {e` l}plgdo tp`|{gfa re`{e`} bofmdog|d{gfa g| dyeàfnàfa fh d |w|{`ngl ad{p}` f} af{!Ga {e` ld|` ga regle r` |`` bofmdog|d{gfa d| d |w|{`ngl yeàfnàfa/

{eg| gnyog`| {ed{ r` |`` g{ d| {e` }`|po{ fh da àkfbàfp| ledab` ga`lfafngl yfoglw g!`! d ledab` }`ho`l{gab ùg|{gab {}àk| {ed{ ndagh`|{
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12/57

ùdnyo` fh @}gl Efm|mdrn/ {e` kfwà fh Nd}ug|{ eg|{f}gda|/ ref/ d|od{` d| 4775/ rd| |{goo y}flodgngab {e` àk fh a`f.ogm`}dog|n$Z=5^[eg|{gn`/ {e` d}bpnà{ |pyyf}{gab {e` ld|` hf} {e` |pyyf|`k àk fhbofmdog|d{gfa g| md|`k fa {e` y}`|à{ |ofrkfra ga {e` P\ `lfafnw dak{e` ò`l{gfa fh B`f}b` Mp|e d| P\ y}`|gkà{![e` lfalop|gfa |ed}`k mw `x`}wmfkw ga {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{ dak do|f mw{e` ndga mfkw fh {e` da{g.bofmdog|d{gfa nfx`nà{'/ g| {ed{ y}`||p}`h}fn mòfr lfpok }`x`}|` a`fogm`}do bofmdog|d{gfa/ f} d{ o`d|{ hf}l` {e`|flgdo.ogm`}do bfx`}anà{| {f }à`bf{gd{` g{| }po`|/ dak/ ga yd}{glpod}/{e` }po`| bfx`}agab {e` fy`}d{gfa fh ga{`}ad{gfado f}bdag|d{gfa| ogj` {e`

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lfa{}fo| {f y}f{`l{ nda dak ad{p}`/ f} re`{e`} ga|{`dk |ple lfa{}fo|d}` af{ h`d|gmo` dawnf} / `g{e`} d{ {e` o`xò fh {e` ad{gfa.|{d{`/ {e` o`xòfh {e` `lfafngl moflj/ f} `xà {e` yoda`{d}w o`xò![ep|/ d| }`bd}k| {e` |{d{`/ Gh r` {dj` ga{f dllfpa{ {e` |gbaghglda{

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rego` Odhfa{dga` edk {f m` fp|{ k h}fn {e` B`}nda bfx`}anà{!Odhfa{dga`| ld|` g| yd}{glpod}ow goopngad{gab d| }`bd}k| {e` yfr`} fh[AL|! D| {e` %}`hf}ng|{' dp{ef} fh d x`}w }`là{ mffj fa lf}yf}d{`yfr`} k`|l}gm`| g{3Z04^Ga B`}ndaw/ re`}` }`xàp` h}fn lf}yf}d{` {du`| ed| hdooà mw 09 y`}là{ fx`} {e` yd|{ =9 w`d}|/ k`|yg{` d }g|` ga lf}yf}d{` y}fhg{| fh 79 y`}là{/ d b}fpy fh lfnydag`|/ galopkgab K`p{|le` Mdaj/ MNR/ Kdgno`}.Màs dak ]R@/ {e` B`}nda à`}bw dak gakp|{}gdo b}fpy/ {erd}{`k ga4777 Hgadal` Ngag|{`} F|jd} Odhfa{dga`| d{{`ny{ {f }dg|` {e` {du

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ùdnga` `x`}w yf||gmgog{w fh |rg{legab fp} gax`|{nà{|dm}fdk!Kdgno`}.Màs y}fyf|`k }òfld{gab {f {e` P\: f{e`} lfnydag`|{e}`d{à`k {f |{fy mpwgab bfx`}anà{ mfak| dak gax`|{gab ga {e`B`}nda `lfafnw! Ga xg`r fh {e` yfr`} {e`|` lf}yf}d{gfa| rgòk {e`g}{e}`d{| r`}` {djà |`}gfp|ow! Rg{ega d h`r nfa{e| B`}ndaw rd|yodaagab lf}yf}d{` {du lp{| regle rfpok }`kpl` {du fa B`}ndalfnydag`| mòfr P\ }d{`|! D| fa` fh B`}nda Ledalòof} B`}ed}k\le}k`}| |àgf} dkxg|`}| ga Rd|egab{fa lfnnà{`k d{ {e`{gn`/ K`p{|le` Mdaj dak gakp|{}gdo bgda{| ogj` N`}l`k`| d}` {ff |{}fabhf} {e` ò`l{`k bfx`}anà{ ga M`}oga!


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[e` |g{pd{gfa g| af{ nple kghh`}à{ rg{e }`|y`l{ {f `lfafngl moflj|! Gh dmoflj/ ogj` {e` @P/ d{{`ny{| {f ga{}fkpl` {e` jgak fh yfoglg`| {ed{ r`}`kfngada{ kp}gab {e` |flgdo k`nfl}d{gl lfa|à|p|/ `!b! yfoglg`| {fùydak {e` ròhd}` |{d{` g}}`|y`l{gx` fh {e` gnydl{ fh |ple yfoglg`| fagahod{gfa' f}/ do{`}ad{gxòw/ gh g{ d{{`ny{| {f ga{}fkpl` |{}gl{

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dak {e`}`hf}` fa {e` y}fhg{dmgog{w dak {e` galfn`| dak r`do{e fh {e``lfafngl og{`|!Ga {eg| y}fmo`nd{gtp`/ {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{| ùyodad{gfa fh {e` }g|` fha`fogm`}do bofmdog|d{gfa ga {`}n| fh {e` lfax`}|gfa fh {e` fok

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Mp{/ o`{ p| afr {p}a {f {e` {e}`` ga{`}n`kgd{` dyy}fdle`| {fbofmdog|d{gfa nà{gfa`k dmfx`/ g!`! {e` [}da|ad{gfado Ldyg{dog|{ Lod||

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[e`}` d}` {rf md|gl l}g{glg|n| {ed{ lda m` }dg|`k dbdga|{ {e`bofmdog|d{gfa lfal`y{gfa fh {e` [LL dyy}fdle![e` hg}|{ l}g{glg|n }`h`}| {f {e` hdl{ {ed{ {eg| dyy}fdle bgx`| {e`gny}`||gfa {ed{ {e` a`r {}da|ad{gfado ldyg{dog|{ lod|| g| {e` ldp|` fh {e`

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{e` ga{`}y}`{d{gfa fh bofmdog|d{gfa {ed{ r` ùdnga`k dmfx`! G{ g| hf} {e`|dn` }`d|fa {ed{ {e` hd{e`} fh {e` [LL dyy}fdle/ ga eg| d{{`ny{ {f`nyed|g|` {e` }fo` fh {e` |{d{` ga {e` bofmdog|d{gfa fh {e` nd}j`{`lfafnw d{ {e` ùyà|` fh {e` }fo` fh g{| b}fr.f}.kg` kwadngl|/ {doj|dmfp{ {e` yd}dkfu fh |{d{`| regle/ d| {e`w fyà`k py {e`g} `lfafng`|{f hf}`gba lfnydag`|/ {e`w hdlgog{d{`k {e` l}`d{gfa fh {e` {}da|ad{gfadoldyg{dog|{ lod||!Z84^[e` |`lfak l}g{glg|n }`h`}| {f {e` [LL dyy}fdle | lfal`y{gfa fh lod||

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ùledab`/ dak {eà d| d ldyg{dog|{ lod|| ga {ed{ {e`w fra dak&f}lfa{}fo/ gakgxgkpdoow f} lfoo`l{gxòw/ {e` ndcf} hf}n| fhldyg{do!Z8;Êfr`x`}/ eg| k`hgag{gfa fh {eg| a`r ldyg{dog|{ lod|| galopk`|yfog{glgda|/ mp}`dpl}d{|/ y}fh`||gfado| dak nd|| n`kgd ù`lp{gx`|/ reflfpok ed}kow m` lod||ghg`k d| n`nm`}| fh {e` ldyg{dog|{ lod|| pao`||/ fh

lfp}|` fa` |{}`{le`| {e` lfal`y{ fh ldyg{do/ d| \lodg} kf`|/ {f lfx`}`x`}w hf}n fh yfr`}! Mp{ {eà {eg| lfal`y{gfa fh {e` a`r ldyg{dog|{ lod||lda m` |`à d| og{{o` nf}` {eda da fmxgfp| d{{`ny{ {f dllfnnfkd{` {e`ndcf} hdpo{ ga {e` Nd}ug|{ {e`f}w fh {e` |{d{`3 g{| ùlop|gx` lfalà{}d{gfafa `lfafngl yfr`} d{ {e` ùyà|` fh {e` f{e`} hf}n| fh yfr`}led}dl{`}g|gab {e` yfr`} |{}pl{p}`| dak }òd{gfa| fh nfk`}a |flg`{w!Fa {e` f{e`} edak/ doo {e`|` ld{`bf}g`|/ regle \lodg} d{{`ny{| {f hg{ {f{e` Y}fl}p|{`da m`k fh {e` lod|| lfal`y{/ lfpok `d|gow m` dllfnnfkd{`k

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a``k {f j``y {e` |`nmodal` fh d ròo hpal{gfagab }`y}`|à{d{gx`k`nfl}dlw ga regle ofldo òg{`| d}` |pyyf|`kow |{goo ldydmo` fh `hh`l{gx`k`lg|gfa.{djgab: {e` a``k {f y}fxgk` |dh`{w a`{| hf} {e` y}fxg|gfa fhngagndo |flgdo |`}xgl`| {f {e` k`|{g{p{`/ {e}fpbe ofldo |dh`{w a`{|f}bdag|`k mw {e` |{d{`: dak od|{/ mp{ af{ o`d|{/ {e` a``k {f kò`bd{` {f {e`

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`lfafnw {fkdw lfpok m` dk`tpd{òw ùyodga`k mw {e` ga{`}yodw fh {e`ledab` ga {e` fmc`l{gx` lfakg{gfa| m}fpbe{ dmfp{ mw {e` }g|` fh [AL|dak {e` `n`}bàl` fh gahf}nd{gfa {`leafofbw' rg{e {e` lf}}`|yfakgabledab` ga {e` kfngada{ |flgdo yd}dkgbn/ g!`! {e` }g|` fh {e` a`fogm`}dogk`fofbw ga{f d e`b`nfagl fa`' dak af{ n`}òw mw {e` hofp}g|egab fh

a`fogm`}do gk`fofbw/ d| {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{/ galopkgab `lfh`ngag|{|/|pyyf|`!Gh r` dll`y{ {eg| y}`ng|` {eà r` ndw |`` lo`d}ow {e` `lfh`ngag|{lfa{}dkgl{gfa|! [ep|/ Ng`| ( Màaefok{.[efn|à `nyed|g| / }`h`}}gab{f Rdoo`}|{`ga/Z28^{ed{ -bofmdog|d{gfa- g| af{ d a`r yeàfnàfa3 }gbe{h}fn g{| m`bgaagab {e` ldyg{dog|{ `lfafnw ed| m`à d rf}ok |w|{`n md|`kfa lfofagdog|n dak {e` nd}bgadog|d{gfa dak ùyofg{d{gfa fh y`}gye`}dolfpa{}g`| dak db}glpo{p}`! [e`}`hf}`/ red{ {e` dp{ef}| |`` d| a`r g| faow{e` hf}n fh bofmdog|d{gfa/ kg|{gabpg|egab/ ga {e` y}fl`||/ m`{r`à {e}``

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Dllf}kgab {f fa` x`}|gfa/ ùy}`||`k mw `lfh`ngag|{| ogj` Xdakdad \egxd/red{ g| a``k`k g| d k}d|{gl }`hf}n fh {e` y}`|à{ ga|{g{p{gfa|! [ep|/ d|\egxd |{}`||`k ga {e` dh{`}nd{e fh \`d{{o`3Z27^

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dhhdg}| ga regle lfnnfkg{w y}fkpl{gfa ed| y}gf}g{w fx`} |pm|g|{àl`y}fkpl{gfa/Z54^dak {e` nd}j`{ nfa`w' `lfafnw g| |pm|gkg|`k mw|pm|g|{àl` y}fkpl{gfa/ [ep|/ reà Yfodawg |yà{ kfsà| fh ydb`| {f|efr {e` hpakdnà{do kghh`}àl` m`{r`à {e` |òh.}`bpod{gab nd}j`{dak {e` ofldo nd}j`{| ùg|{gab m`hf}`/Z5=^{e` dp{ef}|/ lfahp|gab {e` {rf{wy`| fh nd}j`{|/ k`lod}` {ed{ {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw dak |pm|g|{àl``lfafngl| d}` af{ lfa{}dkgl{f}w/ |gal` {e`}` edx` m`à dak |{goo d}`lfpa{o`|| kghh`}à{ jgak| fh ùledab` }òd{gfa|egy/ mf{e fp{|gk` {e`nd}j`{ do{fb`{e`} dak ga lfacpal{gfa rg{e {e` nfk`}a nd}j`{`lfafnw!Z5


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{e`g} hd}n| do{fb`{e`} padmo` {f |p}xgx` d| |pm|g|{àl` hd}n`}| ga {eèf|{go` àxg}fanà{ fh {e` ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k nd}j`{ `lfafnw dak

rfnà à{`}gab {e` y}fkpl{gfa y}fl`|| à nd||` dak fh{à eg}gab {e`|`}xgl`| fh f{e`} rfnà {f kf {e`g} rf}j d{ efn` m}gabgab dmfp{/ ga{e` y}fl`||/ d lf}}`|yfakgab gal}`d|` ga {e` BKY'![e` lfalop|gfa k`}gx`k h}fn {e` `lfh`ngag|{ dadow|g| g| {ed{ red{ rà``k {fkdw g| {f }`|{f}` {e` ogaj m`{r`à {e` |pm|g|{àl` |`l{f} dak {e`nd}j`{ `lfafnw/ |f {ed{ p|`hpo dak a`l`||d}w |pyyog`| d}` {}dk`k d|p|`.xdop`| |fn`{egab {ed{ y}`|pyyf|`|/ d| {e`w |{}`||/ {ed{ {e`nd}j`{ y}fl`|| g{|òh |efpok af{ m` {e` fmc`l{ fh d epa{ hf} y}fhg{|/`|y`lgdoow af{ fh {e` nfafyfog|{gl jgak!Z5;^D{ {eg| yfga{/ efr`x`}/ {e`wh`ò fmogb`k {f kg||à{ h}fn Yfodawg| lfalop|gfa %ga hdl{ eg|hpakdnà{do lfalop|gfa$' {ed{ {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw gnyog`| {e`|`yd}d{gfa fh |flg`{w h}fn {e` `lfafnw! [ep|/ rg{e {e` |{}fj` fh d yà/

{e` dp{ef}| }`c`l{ {eg| hpakdnà{do led}dl{`}g|{gl fh nfk`}a |flg`{w dakd}bp` {ed{ {e` {rf lda m` }`.pag{`k/ y}fxgk`k {e` ogaj m`{r`à {e`nd}j`{ `lfafnw dak |pm|g|{àl` g| }`|{f}`k$

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fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw/ regle g| lfnyo`{òw gbaf}`k mw `lfh`ngag|{|/rfpok a`x`} doofr {e` y`dl`hpo lfùg|{àl` fh |pm|g|{àl` dak {e`nd}j`{/ d| {e`w gndbga`! [eg| kf`| af{ kàw {e` hdl{ {ed{ daw jgak fh{}da|g{gfado |{}d{`bw/ dyd}{ h}fn fa` }òwgab ùlop|gxòw fa }`xfop{gfa/

rfpok edx` {f |{d}{ rg{ega {e` ùg|{gab ga|{g{p{gfado h}dn`rf}j! Mp{/ g{ g|fa` {egab {f hgbe{/ rg{ega {e` ùg|{gab ga|{g{p{gfado h}dn`rf}j/ hf} d{}da|g{gfa {f d lfnyo`{òw kghh`}à{ h}dn`rf}j/ {e}fpbe {e` mpgokgab fh dnd||gx` da{g.|w|{`ngl yfog{gldo nfx`nà{ ogj` {e` fa` y}fyf|`k mw {e`GK y}fc`l{! G{ g| tpg{` daf{e`} {f d{{`ny{ {f }`hf}n {e` y}`|à{ |w|{`n{e}fpbe {e` |pm|g|{àl` dl{gxg{g`| |pyyf}{`k mw {e` dp{ef}|/ g!`! ogh`.|{wo`

dl{gxg{g`| dak `d|gow nd}bgadogs`k lfnnpa`| ga {e` Af}{e/ f}|pm|g|{àl` dl{gxg{g`| ga {e` \fp{e regle d}` ndgaow {e` }`nada{| fh{e` y}`nfk`}a |flg`{w {ed{ d}` b}dkpdoow m`gab yed|`k fp{ pak`} {e`y}`||p}` fh {e` ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k nd}j`{ `lfafnw'! [e` hf}n`} |{}d{`bwed| {e` }`do yf{à{gdo {f l}`d{` da da{g.|w|{`ngl lfa|lgfp|a`|| d{ d|gbaghglda{ |flgdo |ldo` dak `xà{pdoow pag{` |flg`{w rg{e yfog{w dak {e``lfafnw dak }`.ga{`b}d{` {e` n`{d.gakp|{}gdo rf}j rg{ega da galop|gx`k`nfl}dlwda `||à{gdo ò`nà{ fh regle g| k`nfl}dlw d{ {eèfp|èfok!Z58^[e` od{{`} |{}d{`bw ed| a`g{e`} {e` yf{à{gdo {f ledab`|flg`{w ga {e` rdw |pbb`|{`k mw `lfh`ngag|{| af} g| g{ ldydmo` ga l}`d{gab

da da{g.|w|{`ngl lfa|lgfp|a`||/ d| g{ kf`| af{ ledooàb` {e` ndgaga|{g{p{gfa| fh {e` y}`|à{ |w|{`n!
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Da dad}lef.|w|akgldog|{ dyy}fdle {f bofmdog|d{gfaDaf{e`} ga{`}n`kgd{` dyy}fdle {f bofmdog|d{gfa g| d }`là{ow k`xòfy`kdad}lef.|wakgldog|{ dyy}fdle/Z52^regle k}dr| |fn` lfahp|`klfalop|gfa| fp{ fh d lp}gfp| ngu fh |w|{`ngl dak afa.|w|{`ngld}bpnà{|/ ndgaow k}dra h}fn |fyeg|{gld{`k %afa fmc`l{gxg|{' Nd}ug|{`lfafngl dadow|`|! [eg| dyy}fdle/ dh{`} hdgogab {f kg|{gabpg|e m`{r`à{e` yd|{ dak {e` y}`|à{ ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw/|``| bofmdog|d{gfa d| d a`r |{}d{`bw mw ldyg{do {f fx`}lfn` {e` `hh`l{| fh{e` l}g|g| ga {`}n| fh {e` hdoo ga y}fhg{|' ldp|`k mw {e` }`|p}bàl` fh@p}fy`da dak Dn`}glda lod|| |{}pbbo` ga {e` od{` 4789| dak {e` 4729|![ep|/ {e` y}`|à{ npo{g.kgnà|gfado l}g|g| g| |`à/ rg{ega da fp{kd{`ky}fmo`nd{gl fh lod|| kgxg|gfa|/Z55^d| ndgaow da `lfafngl l}g|g|! [e`ga`xg{dmo` fp{lfn` fh |ple dadow|g| g| {e` lfalop|gfa/ regle g| do|fk}dra mw {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{/ {ed{ bofmdog|d{gfa g| y`}h`l{ow }`x`}|gmo``xà rg{ega {e` y}`|à{ |w|{`n fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw dak |{d{g|{k`nfl}dlw! D| {e` dp{ef} yp{| g{3Bofmdog|d{gfa g| af{ da pa|{fyydmo` fmc`l{gx` y}fl`|| mp{ d |{}d{`bw

regle lfpok ga y}galgyo` m` edo{`k %' Dh{`} {e` aù{ |{flj nd}j`{ l}d|e/g{ g| à{g}òw yf||gmo` {ed{ fyyf}{pag|{ yfog{glgda| rgoo |{d}{ lfngab fp{dbdga|{ bofmdog|d{gfa dak k`.}`bpod{`k nd}j`{|/ rg{e {e` `hh`l{ fh lf.fy{gab dak a`p{}dog|gab {ef|` }dkgldo nfx`nà{| regle do|f |g{pd{`{e`n|òx`| dbdga|{ g{ %' [e` faow fy{gfa afr o`h{ dxdgodmo` {f p| g| {e`lfnyo`{` dmfog{gfa fh ldyg{dog|{ |flgdo }òd{gfa|!Efr`x`}/ do{efpbe d| {e` od|{ |{d{`nà{ ga {eg| ù{}dl{ gakgld{`|/ {eg|dyy}fdle g| lo`d}ow da{g.|w|{`ngl/ g{| k``yow hodr`k dadow|g| fhbofmdog|d{gfa o`dk| {f }`hf}ng|{ lfalop|gfa| dmfp{ g{! [ep|/ dllf}kgab {f{eg| dyy}fdle/ da ga{à|ghgld{gfa fh {e` lod|| |{}pbbo` ngbe{ |phhglgà{ow

rf}|à {e` y}`|à{ `lfafngl l}g|g| gh g{ kf`| af{ ldp|` d hpoo mofra|{flj ùledab` l}g|g|' |f {ed{ {e` òg{`| rgoo edx` {f lfn` fp{ dbdga|{a`fogm`}dog|n dak bofmdog|d{gfa/ y}`|pndmow/ ga f}k`} {f }`{p}a {f |fn`hf}n fh |{d{g|n! [e` |gngod}g{w fh {eg| lfalop|gfa rg{e {e` lfalop|gfa|k`}gx`k mw {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{ g| |{}gjgab! [e` kghh`}àl` g| {ed{ }`hf}ng|{

O`h{g|{| d}` d{ o`d|{ lfa|g|{à{ àfpbe af{ {f {doj dawnf}` dmfp{ {e`lfnyo`{` dmfog{gfa fh ldyg{dog|{ |flgdo }òd{gfa|$Hp}{e`}nf}`/ g{ g| fmxgfp| {ed{ |pyyf}{`}| fh {eg| dyy}fdle kf af{}`dog|` {ed{ {e`g} k`lod}`k da{g.|w|{`ngl ga{à{gfa| d}` af{ galfa|g|{àlw rg{e {e` l}plgdo dgn {f l}`d{` d nd|| da{g.|w|{`ngllfa|lgfp|a`||! D| g{ g| ròo jafra/ {e` xd|{ ndcf}g{w fh yd}{glgyda{| ga{e` da{g.bofmdog|d{gfa nfx`nà{ r`}` gakpl`k {f {dj` yd}{ ga g{ ga {e`hg}|{ yodl` m`ldp|` {e`w |dr {e` ld{d|{}fyegl `hh`l{| fh a`fogm`}dobofmdog|d{gfa! [e` tp`|{gfa {eà d}g|`| efr ndaw fh {e`|` yd}{glgyda{|

rfpok k`xòfy da da{g.|w|{`ngl lfa|lgfp|a`|| gh {e`w mòg`x`k {ed{/ `xàrg{ega {e` ùg|{gab |w|{`n/ bofmdog|d{gfa dak a`fogm`}dog|n r`}`


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|{fyydmo` dak/ hp}{e`}/ efr ndaw rfpok lfa{gap` }dg|gab da{g.|w|{`nglk`ndak| reà d{ |fn` |{db` a`fogm`}do bofmdog|d{gfa rd| gak``k|{fyy`k6 Rfpok g{ af{ m` nple `d|g`} dak |dh`}'/ hf} nf|{ yd}{glgyda{|/dyd}{ h}fn d ed}k lf}` fh da{g.|w|{`ngl dl{gxg|{|/ {f cfga {e` }`hf}ng|{O`h{6[e` Galop|gx` K`nfl}dlw dyy}fdleGa {e` GK y}fmo`nd{gtp`/ d p|`hpo rdw {f |`` {e` |w|{`ngl ad{p}` fh{fkdw| ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw g| {f bf mdlj {f {eàga`{`à{e là{p}w/ reà {e` hg}|{ d{{`ny{ hf} da ga{`}ad{gfadog|`knd}j`{ `lfafnw rd| ndk`! D| G d{{`ny{`k {f |efr ò|`re`}`/Z57^{e``|{dmog|enà{ fh nfk`}a |flg`{w gaxfox`k {e` ga|{g{p{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e`|`yd}d{gfa fh |flg`{w h}fn {e` `lfafnw nd}j`{ `lfafnw |w|{`n' dak{e` yd}dooò ga|{g{p{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` |`yd}d{gfa fh |flg`{w h}fn yfog{w

}`y}`|à{d{gx` k`nfl}dlw'! Fal` {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw |w|{`n rd|`|{dmog|e`k/ d ofab |flgdo |{}pbbo` m`bda {ed{ }db`k hf} fx`} d epak}`kdak hgh{w w`d}|/ h}fn {e` Gakp|{}gdo ]`xfop{gfa py {f {e` od|{ tpd}{`} fh{e` {rà{g`{e là{p}w/ m`{r`à {ef|` lfa{}foogab {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw/g!`! {e` ldyg{dog|{ òg{` lfa{}foogab y}fkpl{gfa dak kg|{}gmp{gfa/ dak {e`}`|{ fh |flg`{w! [ef|` lfa{}foogab {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw rg{e {e` |pyyf}{fh f{e`} |flgdo b}fpy| regle r`}` mà`hg{gab mw {e` ga|{g{p{gfadoh}dn`rf}j' dgn`k d{ nd}j`{g|gab odmfp} dak odak d| nple d| yf||gmo`/{ed{ g|/ d{ ngagng|gab doo |flgdo lfa{}fo| dgngab d{ y}f{`l{gab odmfp} dakodak/ |f {ed{ {e`g} h}`` hofr/ d{ d ngagndo lf|{/ lfpok m` |`lp}`k! Fa {e`

f{e`} edak/ {ef|` d{ {e` f{e`} àk/ dak yd}{glpod}ow {e` rf}jgab lod||{ed{ rd| b}frgab kp}gab {eg| y`}gfk/ dgn`k d{ ndugng|gab |flgdolfa{}fo| fa odmfp} {ed{ g|/ d{ ndugng|gab |flg`{w| |òh.y}f{`l{gfa dbdga|{{e` y`}go| fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw/ `|y`lgdoow pa`nyofwnà{ dakyfx`}{w!Efr`x`}/ do{efpbe |pmc`l{gx` hdl{f}|/ ga {e` |à|` fh {e` dmfx` |flgdo|{}pbbo`/ edx` dordw| yodw`k d l}plgdo }fo` ga k`{`}ngagab {e` ad{p}` dakndga led}dl{`}g|{gl| fh nfk`}ag{w d{ `dle eg|{f}gldo y`}gfk/ G {egaj g{

rfpok m` r}fab {f pak`}xdop` {e` lfakg{gfagab gahopàl` fh fmc`l{gx`

hdl{f}|/ d| Ld|{f}gdkg|/ d y}fngaà{ {egaj`} ga {e` k`nfl}d{gl {}dkg{gfa/kf`| reà e` fx`}.`nyed|g|`| {e` gndbgad}w ò`nà{ ga Eg|{f}w d{ {e`ùyà|` fh {e` lf}}`|yfakgab |w|{`ngl ò`nà{|!Fmc`l{gx` hdl{f}|

r`}` d{ rf}j kp}gab {e` à{g}` eg|{f}w fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw |w|{`n/do{efpbe af{ ga {e` }gbgk |à|` d||pn`k mw {e` Nd}ug|{ |lgàl` fh {e``lfafnw %odr|&{àkàlg`| fh {e` hdoogab y}fhg{ }d{`/ yed|`| fhdllpnpod{gfa dak {e` ogj`'/ mp{ }d{e`} ga {e` bà`}do |à|` fh {e`b}fr.f} kg` kwadngl fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw/ regle o`k {f g{|ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa! \ple fmc`l{gx` hdl{f}| lfpok ùyodga {e` nf{gx`|dak dl{gfa| fh {e` `lfafngl òg{`|/ do{efpbe {e` `xà{pdo `lfafngl dak

|flgdo fp{lfn` fh {e` à|pgab |flgdo |{}pbbo` edk dordw| m`à mf{egak`{`}ngad{` dak pay}`kgl{dmo`!


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[ep|/ {e` fp{lfn` fh {eg| |flgdo |{}pbbo` o`k hg}|{ {f {e` ogm`}do hf}n fhnfk`}ag{wZ79^ ga {e` 47{e là{p}w/ regle md}òw od|{`k edoh d là{p}w

m`{r`à {e` 45


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d| G nà{gfa`k dmfx`/ r`}` {e` b}frgab fyàa`|| fh {e` lfnnfkg{w dakldyg{do nd}j`{| dak {e` lf}}`|yfakgab ledab` ga mp|ga`||}`tpg}`nà{|/ regle o`k {f {e` }g|` fh {e` a`fogm`}do nfx`nà{ dak {e`yd}dooò k`lgnd{gfa fh {e` rf}jgab lod||/ d| d }`|po{ fh k`.gakp|{}gdog|d{gfa dak {`leafofbgldo ledab`|/ regle o`k {f d ndcf} }`{}`d{

fh {e` odmfp} nfx`nà{!\f/ dllf}kgab {f {e` GK dyy}fdle/ {e` ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` nd}j`{`lfafnw g| d y}fl`||/ regle rd| |`{ ga nf{gfa rg{e {e` x`}w `n`}bàl`fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw g{|òh! [e`}`hf}`/ do{efpbe g{ g| {}p` {ed{{e}fpbefp{ {e` yf|{.rd} y`}gfk {e` ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` nd}j`{`lfafnw rd| dl{gxòw àlfp}db`k mw {e` dkxdal`k ldyg{dog|{ lfpa{}g`|/ga xg`rga yd}{glpod} fh {e` ùyda|gfa fh idl{pdoow ùg|{gab|flgdog|n dak fh {e` ad{gfado ogm`}d{gfa nfx`nà{| ga {e` [eg}k Rf}ok/|{goo/ {eg| ga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa rd|/ d| r` edx` |`à dmfx`/ {e` fp{lfn`

ndgaow fh fmc`l{gx` hdl{f}| }òd{`k {f {e` kwadngl| fh {e` nd}j`{`lfafnw! [e` |pmc`l{gx` hdl{f}|/ ga {e` hf}n fh {e` |flgdo |{}pbbo`/yodw`k d yd||gx` }fo` rg{e }`|y`l{ {f {eg| ga{à|ghwgabga{`}ad{gfadog|d{gfa fh {e` nd}j`{ `lfafnw: yd}{glpod}ow |f dh{`} {e`dmfx` nà{gfa`k ndcf} }`{}`d{ fh {e` odmfp} nfx`nà{! Ga {eg| |à|`/{e` ledab`| ga ga {e` yfoglg`| fh {e` ndcf} ga{`}ad{gfado ga|{g{p{gfa|GNH/ R[F/ RM `{l' dak {e` lf}}`|yfakgab ledab`| ga ad{gfadoyfoglg`|/ regle dgn`k d{ fyàgab dak ogm`}dog|gab nd}j`{|/ r`}`àkfbàfp|/ }`ho`l{gab dak ga|{g{p{gfadog|gab ùg|{gab {}àk| fh {e`nd}j`{ `lfafnw/ }d{e`} {eda ùfbàfp|/ d| {ef|` ga {e` }`hf}ng|{ O`h{

|pbb`|{!G{ g| {e`}`hf}` lo`d} {ed{ do{efpbe/ d| G {}g`k {f |efr ga [frd}k| Da

Galop|gx` K`nfl}dlw/Z70^g{ g| {}p` {ed{ {e` l}`d{gfa fh d |òh.}`bpod{gabnd}j`{ |w|{`n ga {e` 47{e là{p}w rd| gnyf||gmo` rg{efp{ l}plgdo |{d{`|pyyf}{ ga l}`d{gab ad{gfado nd}j`{|/ |{goo/ fal` {eg| |w|{`n rd| |`{ py/g{ l}`d{`k g{| fra g}}`x`}|gmo` kwadngl regle o`k {f {fkdw|ga{`}ad{gfadog|`k nd}j`{ `lfafnw! Ga {eg| |à|`/ do{efpbe {e` GKdyy}fdle {f bofmdog|d{gfa g| gahopàl`k mw Yfodawg| rf}j/ |{goo/ g{ kghh`}||gbaghglda{ow h}fn g{/ yd}{glpod}ow d| }`bd}k| g{| |flgdok`nfl}d{gl

lfalop|gfa| dmfp{ |flgdo k`nfl}dlw m`gab ldydmo` fh |{fyygab {e`nd}j`{g|d{gfa fh {e` `lfafnw'/ dak do|f h}fn |gngod} |flgdok`nfl}d{gldyy}fdle`| {fkdw/ ogj` hf} ga|{dal` {e` fa` k`x ofy`k mw CfeaB}dw/Z78^ref/ do|f k}drgab fa Yfodawg| rf}j/ |``| {e` fyàgab fhnd}j`{| d| |gnyow {e` `hh`l{ fh {e` y}`|à{ow kfngada{ a`fogm`}dogk`fofbw dak fh lf}}`|yfakgab ledab`| ga `lfafngl yfoglg`|![e`}`hf}`/ ga {e` GK y}fmo`nd{gtp`/ {e` `n`}bàl` fh {e` a`fogm`}doga{`}ad{gfadog|`k nd}j`{ `lfafnw g| md|gldoow {e` fp{lfn` fh {eg|kwadngl y}fl`|| dak af{ {e` }`|po{ fh lfa|yg}dlg`|/ f} fh {e` yfoglg`| fh

`xgo a`fogm`}do yd}{g`| dak&f} k`b}dk`k |flgdok`nfl}d{gl yd}{g`|/ d|}`hf}ng|{| ga {e` O`h{ d||`}{! G{ }`y}`|à{|/ ga hdl{/ {e` lfnyo`{gfa fh {e`


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nd}j`{g|d{gfa y}fl`||/ regle rd| n`}`ow ga{`}}py{`k mw {e` }g|` fh|{d{g|n ga {e` 47


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{e` b}`àefp|` `hh`l{' d{ {e` ùyà|` fh {e` fgo gakp|{}w n`nm`}|! G{ rd|{eg| gnmdodal` {ed{ y}fny{`k {e` Mp|e dkngag|{}d{gfa {f d{{`ny{ {f}`|{f}` {e` mdodal`/ k`|yg{` {e` fmxgfp| dkx`}|` `hh`l{| fa rf}okàxg}fanà{![e`}`hf}`/ {e` y}`|à{ a`fogm`}do hf}n fh nfk`}ag{w }`y}`|à{| ga hdl{ da`r |wa{e`|g| m`{r`à/ fa {e` fa` edak/ {e` fok ogm`}do hf}n fh g{ dak/fa {e` f{e`}/ {e` |{d{g|{ hf}n d |wa{e`|g| ga regle {e` `||à{gdoowogm`}do |òh.}`bpod{`k nd}j`{ g| ga{`b}d{`k ga{f d |w|{`n fh |{d{g|{lfa{}fo| {f |`lp}` d ngagnpn o`xò fh y}f{`l{gfa hf} epnda ogh` dak {e`àxg}fanà{! [e` }fo` fh {e` |{d{` rg{e }`|y`l{ {f {e` nd}j`{ {fkdw g|{e`}`hf}` x`}w kghh`}à{ h}fn mf{e {ed{ fh {e` ogm`}do yed|`/ reà g{}`|{}gl{`k g{| oh ndgaow {f {e` }fo` fh {e` agbe{.rd{lenda/ d| ròo d| {ed{fh {e` |{d{g|{ yed|`/ reà g{ yodw`k {e` }fo` fh {e` bpd}kgda dabò fh|flg`{w fx`} {e` nd}j`{|! Ga {e` a`r |wa{e`|g|/ {e` |{d{` ed| {f |`lp}`

{e` |{dmgog{w fh {e` nd}j`{ àxg}fanà{/ {e` àedal`nà{ fh {e` |pyyow|gk` fh {e` `lfafnw %|f {ed{ lfny`{g{gxà`|| dak `hhglgàlw g!`!y}fhg{| gny}fx`' dak {e` |p}xgxdo dak lfa{}fo fh {e` nd}bgadogs`k yd}{fh {e` yfypod{gfa! Doo {eg| gaxfox`| da fmxgfp| of|| fh `lfafngl|fx`}`gba{w {ed{ g| do|f }`ho`l{`k ga {e` l}`d{gfa fh epb` `lfafngl

moflj|/ rg{ega {e` lfa{ù{ fh regle {e` `lfafngl }fo` fh {e` gakgxgkpdoad{gfa.|{d{` g| m`gab y}fb}`||gxòw kfrab}dk`k ga hdxfp} fh |py}d.ad{gfado ga|{g{p{gfa|![eg| dyyog`|/ ga yd}{glpod}/ rg{e }`|y`l{ {f {e` @P/ re`}` {e` }ò`xda{

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ngaf} xd}gd{gfa|/ mw mf{e là{}`.}gbe{ dak là{}`.o`h{ yd}{g`|/ gabfx`}anà{ f} ga fyyf|g{gfa/ dak {ed{ {e` md|gl ò`nà{| fh
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Globalization, the reformist Left and the Anti-Globalization ‘Movement’ - Takis Fotopoulos

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Transcript of Globalization, the reformist Left and the Anti-Globalization ‘Movement’ - Takis Fotopoulos