Global Climate Cycles, Global Warming and Anthropogenic Greenhouse Effect.
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Climate and Climate Change.
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Transcript of Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Climate and Climate Change.
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Global Warming and the Greenhouse
EffectClimate and Climate Change
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Insolation: Incoming Solar Radiation
The Sun’s strength or intensity depends on three factors:
1. Angle of insolation
2. Duration of insolation
3. Type of surface it strikes
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Angle of Insolation
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Angle of Insolation and the Season: Winter
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Where are we and how much are we getting right now?
Autumnal equinox
Fall in the northern hemisphere
Winter solstice
Winter in the northern hemisphere
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Vernal Equinox
Spring in the northern hemisphere
Summer solstice
Summer in the northern hemisphere
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Duration of Insolation
Length of time the sun is up.
Relationship: longer duration of insolation, higher the temperature (more intense)
Varies with latitude
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Absorption of Insolation
Only 50% of the sun’s energy is absorbed by Earth’s surface.
Rest is reflected, scattered or absorbed by the atmosphere.
The absorption of heat energy from the sun depends on the specific heat of the substance.
Land has a lower specific heat, so takes less time to heat up, while water has a higher specific heat, thus taking more time to heat up.
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Four Reasons water and land temperature differ:
Water has a higher specific heat.
Water reflects low angle insolation better.
Water is transparent insolation penetrates more deeply, more quickly.
Convection currents carry heat energy into hydrosphere land heats faster than water and land cools faster than water. GOOD ABSORBERS ARE GOOD RADIATORS
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Color or structure of surface also determines if heat will be absorbed or reflected
In general, light colored surfaces reflect
While dark colored surfaces absorb
Incoming energy from the sun: UV, visible and infrared
Outgoing energy from Earth: terrestrial radiation – infrared.
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Insolation – Temperature Lag
A time lag exists between time of greatest intensity and time of highest air temperature. WHY?
Ex: June at noon – Earth receives most solar energy but highest temperature is later.
Because temperature depends on the balance between incoming energy and energy lost.
Even after maximum insolation, Earth continues to receive more energy than lost temperature continues to rise during this ‘lag’ period.
Following balance , energy lost > energy gained therefore about mid afternoon temperature drops.
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INSOLATION Check point Angle of insolation = how high sun is in sky.
Measured from the horizon (position of the sun) greatest angle = 90⁰
Changes with the seasons – in Northern Hemisphere: Lowest noontime angle =December 21, winter solstice
Highest angle =June 21, summer solstice
As angle of insolation increases and duration of insolation increases- temperature increases.
Most energy gets to Earth’s surface as visible light.
Ozone absorbs high energy radiation
Infrared radiation is absorbed by water and carbon dioxide.
A substances reflectivity = albedo
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What is the Greenhouse Effect?
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse/
Natural effect
Keeps our planet inhabitable
Other greenhouse planets- Venus
Greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap terrestrial radiation or heat in
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Comparing the Earth to a greenhouse
The glass=the earth’s atmosphere
Inside the greenhouse=conditions here on earth’s surface
Which type of ray is incoming?
Which type of ray is outgoing?
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Terrestrial Radiation The form of energy the
earth gives off
Infrared=outgoing
Visible light=incoming
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What is global warming the result of?
Addition of more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere
Greenhouse gases are added naturally and by human activities
This causes climate change
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What are the effects of global warming?
Warmer temperatures globally
Melting of polar ice cap and glaciers
Sea level rise
More severe weather
Drought, disease
Impacts the economy
Climate change
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Greenhouse gases
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What can you do?Lower your energy consumption (burning of
fossil fuels)
Recycle
Lower your carbon footprint
Check out these websites:http://www.breathingearth.nethttp://footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php
/GFN/page/calculators/
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