GLOBAL SITUATION OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES … · • A previously unrecognised pathogenic...

GLOBAL SITUATION OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Dr Paula Cáceres-SotoHead, World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department

University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 10 June 2015

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1) The OIE and WAHIS

2) OIE-listed diseases and reasons for immediatenotifications

3) Recent situation of avian influenza

4) Recent situation of FMD

5) Situation of PPR

6) Recent situation of Rabies

7) Emerging diseases

Contents

33





5) Situation of PPR



Contents

44

To ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation,

including zoonosis

One of the OIE’s main objective

General mandate of the OIE: to improve animal health worldwide

General mandate of the OIE

5

WAHIS

Notification

Communication

Prevention VeterinariansPublic

Countries

Oficial Veterinary Services

Laboratories confirmation

Farmer Veterinarian Hunter Ranger Veterinarian Fisherman

Confirmation

Early detection

6

Early warning system

Monitoring system

Information from the

Annual reports

Alert messages for exceptional

epidemiological events & for emerging diseases

Information for 117 OIE-listed diseases twice a

year

•Veterinary Services•Vaccine production•National laboratories•Animal population•Human cases of zoonoses

ANIMAL DISEASE INFORMATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

7

WAHISMonitoring & Early warning

systems

Surveillancein domestic

animals

Surveillancein wild

animals

88

Veterinary Services

Veterinary Services

Veterinary Services

Verification of consistency

with Historical Information

Verification of consistency in the

Regional and Global context

CommunicationCommunication

Verification of Qualitative and

Quantitativeinformation

VALIDATION & PUBLICATION ON WAHIS interface

Verification process

WAHIS

99





5) Situation of PPR



Contents

1010

International spread and absent in at

least one country

10

1

Criteria for the inclusion of diseases, infections and infestations in the OIE List

1111

11

12


least one country

Severe consequences in

Humans or domestic animals or wild

animals

AND


1212

12

12


least one country

Severe consequences in

Humans or domestic animals or wild

animals

3

Reliable means of detection

and diagnosis

ANDAND


1313

13

1 2 3ANDAND

117 OIE-Listed diseases in 2015


1414

1. First occurrence

2. Re-occurrence

3. New strain

4. Sudden and unexpected change in the distribution orincrease in incidence or virulence of, or morbidity ormortality

5. Occurrence in an unusual host species

Disease alerts for OIE-Listed diseases

Within 24 hours

Article 1.1.3. of Animal Health Codes:

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5) Situation of PPR



Contents

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Importance of AI

Economic

impact

Public health

consequences

HPAI events (January 2014 to 25 May 2015)

35 countries67 826 615 susceptible

• H5N1 (as of May 2015)

16 countries840 cases in humans 447 deaths

• H7N9 (as of February 2015)

2 countries602 cases in humans 227 deaths

1717

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

LPAI HPAI

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

LPAI HPAI

No. immediate notifications and virussubtypes for AI

No. Immediate notifications No. Virus subtypes

Significant increase in 2014 and 2015

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Distribution of infection with avian influenzaviruses in 2014 and early 2015 – Subtype H5

34 countries/territories affected

1919


5 subtypes (H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N6 and H5N8)

2020


Countries/territories affected : H5N1 (9), H5N8 (5), H5N6 (4), H5N2 (2), H5N3 (2)

2121


10 countries/territories affected

2222


5 subtypes (H7N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7 and H7N9)

2323


Impact in Public Health:

H7N9 (as of February 2015)

•602 cases in humans•227 deaths

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5) Situation of PPR



Contents

2525

Distribution of infection with foot and mouth disease in 2014 and early 2015 : serotype A

Exceptional events: China (People’s Rep. of)

Chinese TaipeiRussia

2626

Distribution of infection with foot and mouth disease in 2014 and early 2015 : serotype O

Exceptional events: China (People’s Rep. of)

Korea (Dem. People‘s. Rep. of)Korea (Rep. of)

MongoliaRussia

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Distribution of infection with foot and mouth disease in 2014 and early 2015 : serotype Asia 1

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Distribution of infection with foot and mouth disease in 2014 and early 2015 : serotype C

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Distribution of infection with foot and mouth disease in 2014 and early 2015 : serotype SAT 1

3030


3131


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Distribution of infection with foot and mouth disease in 2014 and early 2015 : serotype not specified

Bangladesh

3333

Analysis of WAHIS data

Has the quality of information reported for FMD to the OIE through six-monthly reports

improved between 2009 and 1st semester 2014?

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Methodology

Categorisation applied for each reporting Member Country and semester, for the evaluation of the quality of information provided for FMD, separately for

domestic animals and wildlife

FMD No information

FMD present

Disease suspected but not confirmed

Disease confirmed but serotype(s) not specified

Disease confirmed but serotype(s) not specified and FMD free zone(s)

Disease confirmed and serotype(s) specified

Disease confirmed, serotype(s) specified and FMD free zone(s)

FMD absent

Disease reported absent or never reported

Disease reported absent or never reported and FMD free zone(s)

Member Country recognised as FMD free

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Results - Median overall score for thequality of information reported for FMD

Improving trend50 out of 100

87.5 out of 100

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• Disease widespread with 37% of the countries/territoriesaffected during the period but even more countries (45% ofMembers) having official recognition of disease-free status orfree zone(s)

• Members encouraged to implement surveillance & transmitinformation to other countries through WAHIS

• Progress noted since 2009 but some countries still notsubmitting information or not providing information on theFMD serotypes involved

Foot and mouth disease: conclusions

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5) Situation of PPR



Contents

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Distribution of infection with peste des petitsruminants between 2005 and early 2015

3939

Distribution of infection with peste des petitsruminants in first semester 2007

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Distribution of infection with peste des petitsruminants in second semester 2007

First occurrence in China (People’s Rep. of)

4141

Distribution of infection with peste des petitsruminants in 2008

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First occurrence in Bhutan

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Distribution of infection with peste des petitsruminants between 2007 and 2014

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5) Situation of PPR



Contents

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Distribution of rabies in 2014

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Distribution of rabies in 2014

Exceptional event: Reoccurrence in Chinese Taipei

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Number of cases in 2014

Domestic WildlifeCountry Buffaloes Camelidae Cats Cattle Dogs Equidae

Sheep / goats

SwineCanislupus

Melogalemoschata

Vulpesvulpes

Felismanul

Afghanistan 1 4 1

Bhutan 17 16 3

China 41 33 6 6

Chinese Taipei

96

India 119 2149 2588 3226 1

Kyrgyzstan 2 15 20 2 4 1

Mongolia 3 84 1 249 61 20 223 17 113 2

Myanmar 4

Nepal 45 41 41 1 22 2

Philippines 12 627 1 1

Sri Lanka 2 56 20 17

Tajikistan 2 36 54

Thailand 6 11 225

Turkmenistan 2 1 11

Vietnam 128

Total 169 125 25 2609 3805 23 3503 3 18 96 114 2

78% domestic cases99%

wildlife cases

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5) Situation of PPR



Contents

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• A change of a known pathogenic agent or its spread to anew geographic area or species (e.g. PED in Japan andChinese Taipei);

or

• A previously unrecognised pathogenic agent or diseasediagnosed for the first time (New disease in rainbow trout,virus Y in Norway)

Emerging disease

New occurrence of a disease causing a significant impacton animal or public health resulting from:

Alert when detected

ありがとうございます

Thank you for your kind attention !

GLOBAL SITUATION OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES … · • A previously unrecognised pathogenic...

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