GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE PART I OF XIII. Political Unrest in Latin America.
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Transcript of GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE PART I OF XIII. Political Unrest in Latin America.
GLOBAL INTERDEPEN
DENCEPART I OF XIII
Political Unrest
in Latin America
• ………………………………………………………………………………………..
ARGENTINA
• By 1900, Argentina was the richest nation in Latin America.
• However, the Great Depression of the 1930s had a devastating effect on the country.
• A military coup brought Juan Peron to power in 1946.
Juan PeronJuan Peron• Juan PeronJuan Peron was a former was a former
army colonel.army colonel.• He appealed to Argentine He appealed to Argentine
nationalism by limiting nationalism by limiting foreign-owned foreign-owned businesses and by businesses and by promoting promoting import import substitutionsubstitution, in which , in which local manufacturers local manufacturers produce goods at home produce goods at home to replace imported to replace imported productsproducts..
• Peron gained popularity by boosting Peron gained popularity by boosting wages, strengthening labor unions, and wages, strengthening labor unions, and beginning social welfare programs.beginning social welfare programs.
• Ultimately, Peron’s government was seen Ultimately, Peron’s government was seen as being repressive and his economic as being repressive and his economic policies led to huge debts.policies led to huge debts.
• In 1955, he lost power in a military coup.In 1955, he lost power in a military coup.
The Mothers of the Plaza De The Mothers of the Plaza De MayaMaya
• In 1976, Argentina’s government began a In 1976, Argentina’s government began a program of state terrorism against leftist program of state terrorism against leftist guerilla groups.guerilla groups.
• Known as the “Dirty War,” the military Known as the “Dirty War,” the military arrested, tortured, and killed thousands of arrested, tortured, and killed thousands of people.people.
• As many as 20,000 people simply As many as 20,000 people simply “disappeared.“disappeared.
• Many of those who Many of those who vanished were vanished were young people.young people.
• Mothers of the Mothers of the desaparecidosdesaparecidos, or , or disappeared onesdisappeared ones, , marched silently marched silently every week in every week in Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, holding pictures of holding pictures of their children.their children.
• These protests won These protests won worldwide attention.worldwide attention.
Argentina today…Argentina today…• In 2001, an economic crisis disrupted the In 2001, an economic crisis disrupted the
country causing widespread public country causing widespread public protests and continued financial, political, protests and continued financial, political, and social instability.and social instability.
Fidel Castro’s
Cuban Revolution
Causes and Impact
• After winning After winning independence from independence from Spain, Cuba had Spain, Cuba had been heavily been heavily influenced by the influenced by the United States.United States.
• In 1952, In 1952, Fulgencio Fulgencio BatistaBatista seized seized power and power and established a established a repressive and repressive and corrupt corrupt government.government.
• Among those who Among those who opposed Batista was a opposed Batista was a young lawyer named young lawyer named Fidel CastroFidel Castro..
• He organized a guerilla He organized a guerilla army and fought army and fought against Batista.against Batista.
• Once gaining victory in Once gaining victory in 1959, Castro 1959, Castro established a established a communist dictatorship communist dictatorship in Cuba and turned to in Cuba and turned to the Soviet Union for the Soviet Union for support.support.
• In 1961, the United States backed a plot by In 1961, the United States backed a plot by Cuban exiles to invade Cuba at the Cuban exiles to invade Cuba at the Bay of Bay of PigsPigs..
• The invading forces were quickly crushed The invading forces were quickly crushed and in 1962, the U.S. imposed a trade and in 1962, the U.S. imposed a trade embargo on Cuba.embargo on Cuba.
• Angered by American interference, Castro Angered by American interference, Castro allowed the Soviet Union to build nuclear allowed the Soviet Union to build nuclear missile bases in Cuba, just 90 miles off the missile bases in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of Florida…aka: the Cuban Missile Crisis.coast of Florida…aka: the Cuban Missile Crisis.
• Under pressure from U.S. President Under pressure from U.S. President Kennedy, the Soviet Union finally agreed Kennedy, the Soviet Union finally agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for a to remove the missiles in exchange for a pledge that the United States would not pledge that the United States would not invade Cuba.invade Cuba.
Cuba today…Cuba today…• Cuba was heavily supported by the Soviet Cuba was heavily supported by the Soviet
Union until the collapse of communism.Union until the collapse of communism.• Cuba’s economy has since suffered greatly Cuba’s economy has since suffered greatly
from the loss of these trading partners.from the loss of these trading partners.
Nicaragua and the
Sandinistas
• From 1936 to 1979, the Somoza family From 1936 to 1979, the Somoza family had governed Nicaragua.had governed Nicaragua.
• The Somozas were repressive but had The Somozas were repressive but had close ties with the United States because close ties with the United States because of their anti-communist stance.of their anti-communist stance.
• In 1979, the In 1979, the SandinistasSandinistas, , a group a group that included both reform-minded that included both reform-minded nationalists and communistsnationalists and communists, , overthrew the Somoza government.overthrew the Somoza government.
The The SandinistasSandinistas in in PowerPower
• The Sandinistas set up a The Sandinistas set up a government under the government under the leadership of Daniel leadership of Daniel Ortega. Ortega.
• Many in the government Many in the government were Socialists or were Socialists or Communists.Communists.
• The new government The new government introduced some reforms introduced some reforms and socialized policies.and socialized policies.
• At the same time, it grew At the same time, it grew closer to Cuba and other closer to Cuba and other communist nations.communist nations.
The ContrasThe Contras• In the 1980s, the In the 1980s, the
Sandinistas faced Sandinistas faced armed opposition armed opposition from the from the ContrasContras, , a a counter-counter-revolutionary grouprevolutionary group..
• Fearing the spread Fearing the spread of communism, the of communism, the United States United States supported the supported the Contras in their Contras in their fight against the fight against the Sandinistas.Sandinistas.
• A civil war soon A civil war soon followed, leading followed, leading to many deaths to many deaths and weakening and weakening the Nicaraguan the Nicaraguan economy.economy.
• In 1990, the In 1990, the Sandinistas Sandinistas handed over handed over power to a freely power to a freely elected president, elected president, Violeta Chamorro.Violeta Chamorro.
Nicaragua today…• Today, Nicaragua is still struggling to rebuild Today, Nicaragua is still struggling to rebuild
its failing economy which has devastated the its failing economy which has devastated the country for the past two decades.country for the past two decades.
GUATEMALAand the
Indigenous Indians
• In Guatemala, the In Guatemala, the United States helped to United States helped to overthrow Jacob overthrow Jacob Arbenz in 1954, after Arbenz in 1954, after his land reforms his land reforms threatened U.S. threatened U.S. business interests business interests within the region.within the region.
• As a result, a civil war As a result, a civil war soon began as soon began as landowners and the landowners and the military struggled to military struggled to regain control of the regain control of the country.country.
• The The Indigenous IndiansIndigenous Indians, , those who had those who had lived there for years and who were in the lived there for years and who were in the majoritymajority, suffered severely., suffered severely.
• As many as 30,000 were killed as a result As many as 30,000 were killed as a result of the civil war fighting.of the civil war fighting.
Guatemala today…Guatemala today…• Rebels finally laid down their arms in Rebels finally laid down their arms in
1996, when a peace accord was reached.1996, when a peace accord was reached.• The accord brought hope for increased The accord brought hope for increased
rights for all citizens of Guatemala, rights for all citizens of Guatemala, including the Indian population.including the Indian population.
