Global Digital Health Ecosystem

This White Paper forms part of, and should be read together with, the Offering Mem-orandum (to be re-leased) (the “Memorandum”), including without limitation, the im-portant information contained in the Me-morandum under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Notice to Purchasers”.

2

Doctor Smart White Paper

Caution Concerning Forward Looking Statements

Doctor Smart is a digital healthcare platform, whose embedded telehealth, telemedicine and AI solutions are designed to deliver world class medical consultations to patients anywhere, at any time. The Doctor Smart ecosystem will use blockchain technology and smart contracts to integrate innovative new technologies with the infrastructure of the traditional healthcare system, such as offline medical facilities and insurance companies. Doctor Smart will facilitate high quality, affordable, end to end healthcare management to people all over the world.

Our public communications, including this White Paper, may contain “forward-looking statements” – that is, statements related to future, not past, events. In this context, forward-looking statements often address our expected future business and financial performance, and often contain words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “see,” “will,” “would,” “estimate,” or “forecast.”

These forward-looking statements may include projections and estimates concerning the timing and success of strategies, plans or intentions. We have based these for-ward-looking statements on our current expecta-tions and assumptions about future events. While we consider these ex-pectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control and could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or im-plied by these forward-looking statements.

Readers should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking state-ments. We un-dertake no obligation to update any forward-looking state-ments to conform to actual results or changes in our expectations, unless required by applicable law.

July 2, 2018, version 1.2

3

Contents

1. Healthcare Market Size

2. Global Issues for the Modern Healthcare Sector and Doctor Smart Solutions

3. The Doctor Smart Ecosystem

4. The Value for Key Participants

5. Doctor Smart’s Blockchain Platform

6. The Doctor Smart Time Token

7. Token Sale

8. Roadmap

9. Team

4

Executive SummaryFounders vision: “Doctor Smart is going to bring exciting new technologies including AI, telemedicine and blockchain to the fields of healthcare and wellness management. This will empower healthcare systems to deliver superior cost efficiency, affordability and quality of service to clients. We believe these advances will increase quality and duration of life around the world”.

Doctor Smart is creating a global blockchain ecosystem that will make affordable healthcare accessible to everyone. This ecosystem will enable the integration of existing infrastructure, including hospitals and healthcare clinics, while connecting care providers and clients worldwide.

The Doctor Smart platform has many considerable advantages over the traditional healthcare system. The three main ones are:

Founders opinion: “We believe that autonomous AI services will advance to hold a 35% share of internet health and wellness services in the near future”

The Doctor Smart token will facilitate 24/7, healthcare-on-demand services, thus solving some of the most vital problems that healthcare systems around the world are facing today, many of which are detailed in the following chapters. In addition, Doctor Smart will utilize AI solutions to better connect and empower both care providers and patients worldwide. Our aim is to increase quality and duration of life around the world.

The global market for ambulatory healthcare services is estimated to reach around $3,3 trillion by 2022 (according to Grand View Research Inc), more than $2 trillion of which could be covered by internet services. Doctor Smart has an ambition to reach at least a 2% share of the global market for telemedicine and telehealth services.

Doctor Smart will combine existing healthcare infrastructures in many countries including hospitals, medical centers, clinics, wellness centers, insurance companies, fitness apps and wearable devices to drive demand and value for the Doctor Smart utility token. The Doctor Smart ecosystem will support a whole new economy of healthcare-related goods and services, built upon a decentralized marketplace and provided by traditional care providers, insurance companies and autonomous AI services.

— In today’s world doctors’ charges differ significantly across geographical regions, which often renders high-quality healthcare inaccessible. Doctor Smart will eliminate these differences;

— Our clinical decision support system and AI-powered solutions will enable low-cost health care providers to improve the quality of service to patients;

— Radical cost reductions will be made possible by replacing certain doctor responsibilities (e.g. admin) with AI services;

5

1. Healthcare Market SizeHealthcare in most countries is one of the most socially significant, and therefore most sensitive, sectors. It is both an important public and social institution and a huge commercial market. In the next two years, according to Deloitte estimates, global healthcare costs will reach $8.7 trillion and the share of the global GDP spent on healthcare will rise to 10.5%. In the US experts expect the growth rate within the healthcare market to reach 4.3%; in Western Europe this figure is 4%; in transition economies, up to 7.5% 1.

The main drivers of healthcare market growth are aging populations, higher life expectancies and rising hospital treatment costs. All of this has led, and will continue to lead, to growth in the demand for high-quality and up-to-date ambulatory services. Their development will both improve the availability and quality of treatment for patients and decrease public budget expenditures. At present, the ambulatory sector makes up around a third of the global healthcare market, the size of which was $2.2 trillion in 2016 2. Analysts at Grand View Research predict that by 2022 the global ambulatory services market will surpass $3.4 trillion 3. By other estimates, by 2024 the size of this market will reach $3.7 trillion at the current compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.7% 4. Even by conservative estimates, the global market will grow by at least $1.5 trillion from 2018 to 2024.

As healthcare expenditures continue to grow, consumers of medical services consumers, public authorities (the industry’s biggest customers) and charitable funds are actively looking out for better cost efficiency. It is unlikely that any of them will be willing to sponsor the non-stop growth of costs within the sector without a noticeable increase in the quality and availability of medical care. One of the most promising solutions to this problem is digitalization of the healthcare sector.

According to IBIS World estimates, the number of people over 65 has reached 46 million in the US. These people are the so-called ‘baby boomer’ generation, whose healthcare preferences are already driving growth in the demand for digital healthcare services - they prefer home (or remote) treatment and health monitoring to hospital treatment and often have the money to pay for it. The income of baby boomers is significantly higher than that of the previous generations, and in the next 15 years, this generation’s need for advanced medical care will increase 5.

McKinsey estimates that digital and mobile healthcare technologies will help US taxpayers to save from $175 billion to $379 billion annually 6. According to McKinsey analysts, implementing consumer internet solutions in telemedicine will save between $34 billion and $138 billion annually.

6

McKinsey experts predict that in the next 5−10 years approximately 65% of people who own smartphones will be using them to access health services, including telemedicine 7. Currently, around 68% of US residents use smartphones.

Experts at Grand View Research estimate that in the next 10 years the market for telemedicine services will increase by 1500%: from $7.2 billion in 2015 to $113.1 billion in 2025 8.

Telemedicine has the potential to replace a considerable share of traditional services. In Sweden for example, Hurley Clinic conducted a pilot project for six months, implementing internet-services in their ambulatory practice. Around 133,000 patients took part in the experiment, which demonstrated that 60% of ambulatory appointments could be performed by doctors remotely 9.

Internet of people 34—138

26–86

115—155

175–379

Digitization of transactions

Digitization of clinical operations

Source: McKinsey

Total

Potential impact of digital health, $ billion

Global telemedicine market size, 2014—2025, $ billion

6.14 7.20

113.1

2014

Hardware Connectivity and network Others

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Source: Grand View Research Inc.

7

Forecasts for the consumer healthcare devices market make the future of the internet services in healthcare look even more promising. Analysts at Grand View Research expect that by 2025 this market will increase to $517 billion 10. The technological improvement of such devices will be one of the main drivers of the development of remote telewellness services in the near future.

Using artificial intelligence (AI) to solve medical problems and improve quality of life through intelligent monitoring of human health is another one of the most promising niches in healthcare. McKinsey estimates the potential of the corresponding global market as $ 750 billion 11.

Doctor Smart is developing a comprehensive platform that will provide telemedicine, wellness and fitness services, while implementing AI solutions for healthcare. Based on the above research, our analysts predict that the cumulative potential of these markets will reach $2 trillion by 2022. Doctor Smart aims to achieve a market share of at least 2%, at which point the platform’s turnover should be $40 billion a year.

1 https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Life-Sciences-Health-Care/gx-lshc-2017-health-care-outlook-infographic.pdf

2 https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/ambulatory-services-market-2491

3 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-ambulatory-services-market

4 https://www.ameriresearch.com/product/ambulatory-services-market-ambulatory-services-market-analytics-ambulatory-services-market-share-ambulatory-services-market-research-ambulatory-s-ervices-market-forecast-ambulatory-services-market/

5 https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/market-research-reports/healthcare-social-assistance/ambulatory-health-care-services/home-care-providers.html

6 https://healthcare.mckinsey.com/digital-healthcare-how-disruptive-will-it-be

7 https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/healthcare%20systems%20and%20services/our%20insights/how%20tech%20enabled%20consumers%20are%20reordering%20the%20healthcare%20landscape/how-tech-enabled-consumers-are-reordering-healthcare-landscape-full-report.ashx

8 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-telemedicine-industry

9 http://healthpolicy.se/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/McKinsey.pdf

10 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-home-healthcare-market

11 https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/advanced-electronics/our-insights/artificial-intelligence-the-time-to-act-is-now

8

2. Global Issues for the Modern Healthcare Sector and Doctor Smart Solutions

I. Cumbersome healthcare systems are unable to operate efficiently on a daily basis

The Doctor Smart Solution

In many countries, healthcare systems are made up of numerous huge and cumbersome institutions which provide poor experiences to end-users. The individual elements within those systems often interact poorly and pursue opposing goals. As a result, bureaucracy, wastefulness, and a mentality of ‘the system for its own sake’ have unfortunately become defining features of the global healthcare sector.

Doctors face a considerable administrative burden, having to fill out papers even during a basic 15-minute appointment, which limits their ability to help patients. For patients, this means meaningless queues at outpatient clinics and hospitals, long waiting times for ambulances, insufficient attention from doctors and medical facilities with low patient capacities.

This means that high-quality medical care becomes unavailable to many people who do not have sufficient disposable income and/or personal connections. Even in developed countries, such as the US 1 and the United Kingdom 2, accessing health services is difficult in rural areas and the number of doctors per capita is significantly lower than in cities 3. This means that people often lose valuable time waiting for the day of their appointment, as well as additional time and expenses on travel and accommodation.

Doctor Smart is a blockchain platform which facilitates the exchange of structured medical and financial information. This high-tech solution will help to create the environment that meets the needs of all participants and is under the complete control of those who know best - doctors and patients.

The Doctor Smart platform will have the integrated medical information system that will significantly speed up all formal procedures, enabling doctors to spend significantly less time on administrative matters. This system is already implemented in the world-class clinic Medicina, located in Moscow (Russia). During Doctor Smart consultations, doctors can focus on nothing but the patients and their health issues, while all administrative formalities would be removed from the scope of the consultation.

McKinsey estimates that up to 60% of all ambulatory visits can be conducted online 4. Since Doctor Smart is a platform for remote consultations, we can ensure that qualified professionals will be available for patients anywhere in the world. Furthermore, one of our priorities is to constantly reduce waiting times for appointments with specialists to one

9

minute or even less. Prompt access to qualified doctors can also significantly reduce the demand and workload for clinics, medical centers and even ambulances, allowing them to work more promptly with urgent cases.

II. Most health care providers focus on meeting minimum standards at the lowest possible cost, not on our health

III. Throughout the World, the Healthcare Sector does not use the latest technology advances, thereby greatly limiting its capabilities

Health insurance system was created by competent specialists with good intentions, but has since degraded. Insurance companies are incentivized to maximize profits at the expense of patients, which often means not paying out if an insured event occurs. To accomplish this, insurance companies draft policies in such a complicated manner that the average consumer is unable to understand the policy terms. Insurance policies contain plenty of provisions aimed at reducing payments to the insured, instead of providing efficient medical care 5.

Another flaw in the modern health insurance system is its narrow focus on curing the symptoms of illnesses, rather than on the general goal of improving people’s quality of life and life expectancy. If a patient reports a complex problem it is often divided into several diagnoses, which necessitates a variety of unrelated medical procedures and, as the result, patients’ problems often remain unresolved. At the same time, less conventional issues related to a patient’s health, such as obesity, remain outside of the scope of doctors’ attention in most countries.

Profit-oriented healthcare providers benefit from this state of affairs, since treatment of patients with existing diagnoses at hand brings more income and provides employment for medical staff. This method is not designed to solve patients’ problems, but rather to generate a stream of regular users of medical services.

The Doctor Smart Solution

On its blockchain platform, Doctor Smart is able to provide clear and automatically executable insurance policies to its users, based on smart contracts,. This format involves participation of the three parties: patients, medical clinics and insurance companies. This format also helps to minimize influence of the factor having the most potential for abuse - the human factor - which was previously unattainable.Provisions of insurance policies that are based on the smart contract will be phrased in a manner that is clear and easy to understand; they will also be fixed in the blockchain, observable, transparent and permanent.

Doctor Smart’s insurance policies, based on smart contracts, will provide a solution to the current opacity in medical services and insurance policies. This opacity negatively affects patients and insurance companies, both of whom would benefit from the emergence of automated settlement systems.

All over the World, most medical facilities do not use decision support systems. The absence of such systems and the rapid development of the pharmaceutical sector and

10

new technological methods of treatment significantly increase the risk of medical errors and improper medical prescriptions. This problem is further aggravated by the fact that in most countries doctors are unable to spend enough time improving their skills; and as the speed of scientific progress increases, the task of informing doctors about new methods and improving treatment efficiency is becoming more difficult. The extent to which medical specialists exchange information remains low, despite recent development of communication tools. If a patient consults a general physician, and a subsequent consultation with another specialist is required, it is impossible to get it at once.

It is equally important that the healthcare sector is not ready to use the Artificial Intelligence for analyzing medical images. The quality of visual diagnostics remains very low. Even in the US visual oncology diagnostics are in urgent need of improvement — 20 to 50% of diagnostic tests return false negative results, which means that doctors misdiagnose at least one fifth of the patients that have cancer 6.

The Doctor Smart Solution

The Doctor Smart platform is one of the rare systems worldwide that supports medical decision-making. The medicines recommended by our doctors are automatically checked to ensure that they are compliant with the patient’s medical issue, medical record and compatible with other medicines. This method significantly reduces the risk of medical errors. Doctor Smart’s medical system monitors whether a treatment plan corresponds to generally accepted standards of quality. Thus, Doctor Smart’s intelligence system helps doctors to consistently provide medical services of the highest quality.

Doctor Smart’s team, in collaboration with the medical community, has developed its own program for testing doctors’ qualifications. It is based on the relevant international standards of medical care and can guarantee a high and professional level of medical consultants. All of this information is stored completely transparently in the blockchain and is available to all participants of our system. On the Doctor Smart platform doctors will be able to seek advice from each other and to consult in real time, which also helps to significantly increase the quality of medical services.

The Doctor Smart team works with machine learning technologies and neural networks to solve one of the most urgent medical problems of the modern era - analysis of medical images (CT/MRT results, X-ray images, blood, skin and ultrasound images) for evaluation and predictive diagnosis. Even today, medical neural networks are able to recognize skin cancer at the level of the best doctors 7, and to predict the likelihood of the disease 8. Doctor Smart intends to implement such solutions in its mobile platform to make image diagnostics using AI accessible to every user.

IV. People do not own their their own healthcare records; records are stored anywhere but with end users

The value of data and information in the modern world is obvious. People are eager to collect as much information as they can about everything that is taking place around them, and then claim ownership of this information. So far, the medical information that people all over the World leave at medical facilities has been an exception. It is virtually inaccessible to people who are directly involved, instead such information is owned and administered by medical clinics and public institutions. Neither is able to guarantee

11

quality of the information management that would benefit patients and the community.

Another important aspect of such lack of access to information is the lack of knowledge about the quality of medical services and doctor’s qualifications. The inefficiency of healthcare systems renders them opaque. Evaluation of a doctor’s consultation by the patient is still a rare thing in the healthcare sector and very few medical clinics implement this practice. Information about doctors’ efficiency, education and skills is not transparent and not available to patients. In most cases, you will not be able to find reliable data on the quality of medical care at a medical facility. The result is that people have to rely on indirect sources, often erroneous: intuition, feedback from their circle of friends, and price. All this puts a patient at a disadvantage.

The Doctor Smart Solution

The Doctor Smart Solution

With Doctor Smart, users will own and manage their medical information. Patients’ medical records will aggregate information from different sources: recommendations of doctors and fitness consultants, results of medical tests, wellness devices, cardio monitors, glucose meters, etc. This data will be available to the providers of medical and wellness services so that they have a complete picture about the health of a patient. If patients possess this information, they may start paying more attention to monitoring their health right away.

On the Doctor Smart platform, the users will be able to influence the quality of services of particular clinics doctors: after the consultation they will have an opportunity to leave feedback. All opinions about the quality of consultations will be stored in the blockchain, which guarantees safety and makes it impossible to alter the information to benefit somebody’s interests. If a patient gives a low grade, Doctor Smart’s supervisors will thoroughly check what happened at the consultation and find out the reasons for the low grade. It will help us to create a transparent and non-biased system to evaluate the quality of medical services, and our patients will be able to use it before deciding whether to make an appointment with a particular doctor.

As a platform capable of aggregating and analyzing huge amounts of information, Doctor Smart aims to develop the system of pro-active medical care for its users through built-in mechanisms for accumulating data on physical activity and health. This information will be analyzed by machine algorithms and, after processing, will be available to doctors and wellness consultants working on the platform. It will also become the basis for

V. Healthcare systems are not ready to work with prognostic scenarios of patient care and to monitor chronic diseases online

Modern healthcare systems are unable to aggregate information about each person’s health status and to distribute it efficiently within the system. Doctors do not have access to the huge amount of information that people accumulate about their health using mobile devices. However, this information could facilitate a significant reduction in the cost of monitoring chronic diseases, the number of medical errors and incorrect medication prescriptions.

12

making automated recommendations for the patients to change their lifestyles, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as frequency of health check-ups. Such prognostic recommendations, if presented in a clear form with specific advice on immediate actions, can significantly reduce a patient’s healthcare costs.

1 https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/44424/9371_eib57_1_.pdf?v=41136

2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874518/

3 https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/pdf/rural-urban-workforce-distribution-nchwa-2014.pdf

4 http://healthpolicy.se/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/McKinsey.pdf

5 http://www.allhealthpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Health-Literacy-Toolkit_163.pdf

6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10354030

7 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21056.epdf

8 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19907-9.pdf

13

3. The Doctor Smart Ecosystem

Doctor Smart is developing a comprehensive system of healthcare services that will enable customers from many countries to have consultations and receive care for various medical and health-related lifestyle issues in one-window mode both offline and online. Doctor Smart will offer a variety of solutions in the sphere of telemedicine, including online video consultations with doctors and other healthcare specialists, integration with wearable medical devices, a support system for medical decisions, a blockchain-based rating system to evaluate medical specialists, AI medical solutions, and integration with many different ecosystems and databases that store medical information. In this section we describe the full functionality of the ecosystem that Doctor Smart plans to implement by 2020.

Decision Support SystemData

Bank

Doctors Ratings Module

Blockchain component

Smart QueueModuleOPEN

API

FI TNESSAPPS

WE AR ABLEDE V ICE

WELNESSCENTRES

PAT IENTS

CL IENTS

A ITHIRD -PART YCL IENTS

TELEHE ALTH

CL INIC

INSUR ANCE SERV ICES L ABOR ATORY

DOC TOR FI TNESSTR A INER

CLOUD -BA SEDHIS

How does Doctor Smart Work?

14

Technology PlatformThe Doctor Smart Platform is the core of the ecosystem. It processes client requests, records transactions, helps doctors to make more prompt and accurate decisions and aggregates user and appointment information to calculate specialists’ ratings. The FSHT (Future Smart Health Technology) commercial company helps to develop and maintain smooth and continuous operations of the platform. Its operational resources come from the fees for teleconsultations and services that Doctor Smart clients receive from the partner clinics, laboratories and wellness-centers. The Doctor Smart Platform contains several key elements that will help facilitate consistent improvements in both the speed and the quality of all services provided within the ecosystem:

is a structured database containing medical information, including the results of all consultations provided within the ecosystem, as well as the data that can be integrated from external sources, including third-party systems (e.g. Electronic Health, Electronic Medical Records (EMR/EHR); information from clinics, laboratories, insurance companies, wellness and fitness applications, state authorizaties, etc.) The database enables specialists to get instant access to relevant patient information, which will help them to make faster and more accurate decisions. The database will have an open API which will enable academic associations, authorities, private institutions and independent developers to use the accumulated big data for medical research or training AI-algorithms, etc.

is an intelligent automated service that supports medical decisions and carries out comprehensive quality control of all consultations provided within the system. It includes control over relevance of the prescribed medicine, compatibility with the patient’s previous medical records, interaction with other drugs, as well as a control module for compliance of the treatment with the standards of medical care. It will also take into account counter-indications, allergies, active diagnoses.

will allow customers to assess the quality of care, advice and recommendations by rating the received consultations. A specialist’s overall rating is influential in many aspects of the ecosystem, from frequency of quality control inspections conducted by supervisors to the distribution of patients from the queue.

is a patient-queueing and doctor-patient matchmaking system that helps to select a doctor automatically based on AI data, ratings and certifications related to the subject of the consultation. The system also takes into account a participant’s level in Doctor Smart’s loyalty system.

Data Bank

Our Decision Support System

Our Doctors Ratings Module

The Smart Queue Module

15

(DS Cloud EMR) is a cloud solution for consultants and clinics working within the Doctor Smart ecosystem. DS Cloud EMR will offer ready-made solutions for clinics that provide both conventional offline and online consultations. To facilitate online consultations, they will be able to integrate existing laboratories’ networks and provide doctors with access to the relevant part of a patient’s medical records - those that relate only to the subject of the current consultation. Doctors will get an opportunity to use technology services that are integrated into the DS Cloud EMR, including a recommended step-by-step model for consultations, a support system for medical decisions, and for monitoring the correctness of prescribed medicine and compliance with official standards in a particular region.

Doctor Smart’s blockchain-enabled platform will ensure the transparency of all operations and guarantee the rights of all project participants. The blockchain platform will ensure that information about financial transactions, the data on specialists’ certifications, consultation appraisal scores and ratings data remain safe and unchanged. It will also guarantee a transparent referral scheme and an automated system for encouraging healthy lifestyles, as well as provide control over transactions for active participants of the Doctor Smart community. Blockchain technology will also allow the platform to offer transparent medical insurance products that are based on smart contracts. Insurance companies will be able to use the platform to automate their operations and guarantee that in case of an adverse event covered by their policy, their clients will receive payments.

uses a combination of the Ethereum public blockchain and Quorum private blockchain; it has a blockchain-native DSTT token that should facilitate further development of the ecosystem, as well as provide the incentive for all its participants. How the blockchain platform operates and the role of the token in the ecosystem are described below in the sections titled: Doctor Smart Blockchain Platform and Doctor Smart Time Token respectively.

Cloud Medical Information System

Doctor Smart Blockchain Platform

TelemedicineTelemedicine is the service within the Doctor Smart ecosystem that enables customers worldwide to get a prompt, professional consultation on any healthcare issue. For doctors and wellness specialists, this provides the opportunity to increase their income by providing online consultations. Teleconsultations can be used to collect anamnesis, answer patients’ questions, prescribe medication and for many other things.

16

How Customers Can Use the Service

After a simple registration procedure, customers will get access to their Client Account. There they will choose the specialist they need from a variety including doctors (e.g. general practitioners, gynecologists, pediatricians), wellness specialists (e.g. nutritionists, fitness instructors, psychologists) or even vets. All communication (video chat, voice chat or consultation chat) can be conducted using either a computer, tablet or smartphone. The Smart Queue system will automatically select a doctor for each patient request using AI data, previous ratings, certifications relevant to the subject of the requested consultation, as well as the participant’s level in the Doctor Smart loyalty program. The target waiting time for the selection of a specialist is less than one minute.

After the system finds a suitable specialist, a secure connection will open between the specialist and the customer to facilitate the consultation. During the consultation the client will receive advice from the qualified specialist and recommendations for further action. After that, each consultation users will be given the opportunity to assess the quality of the service by rating it. The average rating of a specialist is influential within the system in many ways, from the frequency of supervisor inspections (to monitor quality of service) to the frequency of distribution of patients from the queue.

As a result of the consultation, patients may need to take medical tests or to consult a specialist offline. Doctor Smart’s clients will be able to schedule a subsequent appointment immediately following the online consultation in the Client Account (more details on clinics’ and laboratories’ participation in the platform can be found below). Following the online consultation, the patient may need to buy medication, which in some cases should also be done through the Client Account using electronic prescriptions. Electronic prescriptions will enable users to buy

17

the necessary medication without seeing the doctor offline, including from the online stores connected to the system (they will require an ID). Depending on the country and its legislation, the rules of online stores and the list of available medication may differ.

In addition to teleconsultations, other services will be available through the Client Account. Such services will include “the second opinion” (an opportunity to get an expert opinion from a relevant medical specialist based on the documents provided by the patient: medical reports, medical images and test results), interpretation of test results, AI-based interpretation of medical images and other services, including those created on the Doctor Smart Open API.

The customers will be able to see their electronic medical records, history of teleconsultations and appointments, results of tests and medical procedures, prescribed medication and their history of actions and payments in the Client Account at any time. This will be achieved with direct integration using existing EMR/EHR based on the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources standard (HL7/ FHIR). This integration will also give access to labs, prescriptions, video discharge notes, radiology files, open notes and more.The Client Account will also contain the Wellness section that will take aggregated data from any fitness devices or applications used by the customers and provide a gamified, visual assessment of the customers’ progress in improving their overall wellness, including ‘levels’ which indicate the quality of care of their own health. The system will provide recommendations for improving quality of life that are based on AI-processed data.

18

How Specialists Can Use the Service

Before specialists start using the platform they will have to take several specific actions. First, they will have to pass an automated test running on the AI-core of the Decision Support System (DSS). The test will be randomly generated from a set of conditions and will aim to admit to the system only those doctors that possess enough knowledge about relevant standards and are able to rely on such standards comparing indications and contra-indications of the prescribed medication and procedures. In addition to the test, the doctor may be required to provide information about their education, results of their certifications and other data (the exact list will depend on the doctor’s specialization and region).

After a doctor or wellness expert performs all of the necessary actions, the Specialist’s Account will become available to them. By activating “Services” mode, they will become eligible to take patients from the queue and, after reading about the reason for the requested appointment, provide a consultation. During the consultation, the doctor will be able to expand the current session to the board of doctors, and connect in real time with another relevant specialist or, if necessary, contact the patient’s family to inform them about treatment, prescribed procedures and other circumstances.

After the consultation, the specialist will be able to check the gained income . The quality of consultations provided by Doctor Smart specialists will be monitored by supervisors who will check one out of ten consultations provided by a particular specialist. They will

19

also check all consultations that received a low rating from a customer. Supervisors will be chosen from amongst the most experienced specialists within the system and who are experts in the necessary sphere. In case of poor quality of services that are below Doctor Smart’s standards, the specialist may be fined or lose admission to the platform.

Clinics: existing offline clinics (in future, virtual online clinics may become participants too) that will: (1) provide services to patients and use the opportunities to be presented by the Medical Information System, (2) bring together doctors and collaborate with Doctor Smart Ecosystem to provide online services to patients, and (3) agree to make offline appointments with Doctor Smart’s patients.

In many cases, during the online consultation, the specialist may decide that the patient should consult an offline clinic for diagnostics, tests and medical procedures.

Doctor Smart will sign contracts with clinics that meet global quality standards and will integrate them into the platform. Then, a specialist will be able to make an appointment at a time and place that suits the patient, taking into account the patient’s geolocation, availability of relevant specialists and available time slots in the nearest medical facility. All information necessary for the personal consultation will be sent to the offline clinic in advance; the patient will simply need to show up and receive the service. No administration, either filling out forms or making a payment, will be necessary at the offline clinic because the Doctor Smart platform will perform all of the necessary actions automatically.

Results of the offline consultation will be added almost immediately to patients’ electronic medical records and may be used again in future, whenever the patient consults Doctor Smart specialists.

Each time Doctor Smart makes an appointment for one of its clients at a partner clinic, it will receive fees as a proportion of the cost of the service provided to the patient offline.

Laboratories are facilities that provide medical tests and procedures. They will receive orders for tests from Doctor Smart’s clients and send test results to the Doctor Smart ecosystem. Orders can require both online research (e.g. descriptions of test results that were performed earlier) and offline visits (blood tests, MRT, X-ray, etc.). If during the consultation the specialist decides that the patient needs to take some tests, they will be able to send the patient to the nearest Doctor Smart partner laboratory performing the required service. In large cities, some partner laboratories will be able to

Participants in the SystemMedical Clinics

Laboratories

20

send a nurse to the patient’s home to take the necessary tests.

All information that is required by a laboratory to provide services will be sent to them by Doctor Smart automatically. The test results will be then sent back to Doctor Smart and added to the patient’s electronic medical records. The notification system in the Doctor Smart application will inform the patient about the received results imnmediately and offer to make a new appointment for an online consultation to discuss the results with a medical professional. All payments will be made on the Doctor Smart platform- patients will just have to provide their certificate for the laboratory services: they will not have to waste any time on explanations, filling forms and payments.

All partner laboratories will be connected to the Doctor Smart ecosystem after they confirm their ability to meet international quality standards for the provision of services.

Doctor Smart will provide a flow of orders to its partner laboratories and charge fees on services rendered to the clients.

Over the past decade, healthy lifestyle practices and demand for products and services, which help people in such practices, have been growing globally. These products and services are no longer the privilege of a small circle of athletes and high-income individuals. A move towards a healthier lifestyle is currently one of the most significant consumer trends. According to EuropeActive analysts, the European market for fitness services has reached $32 billion, they also note that the European market is the biggest for these services globally 1.

Mobile devices and software have become the key drivers of this market growth over the past several years. These devices and apps empower many to live a healthier life through access to better record-keeping, advice and knowledge regarding fitness and nutrition. In 2017, analysts at Future Market Insights estimated the size of the global market at $21 billion and by 2027, it is forecasted to grow to $93.7 billion at CAGR of15.8% 2. In 2017 producers put 125.5 million devices (+20% y-o-y) on the market. By 2021, according to IDC estimates, 240 million devices will be put to market which will represent CAGR of 18.2% 3.

Although mobile technologies are one of the main drivers of the wellness market growth, they still only account for a small part of it. The Global Wellness Institute estimates that in 2015 the size of the wellness market was $3.7 trillion 4. Apart from fitness and mobile technologies this includes the beauty industry, wellness tourism, healthy food market and more.

The Doctor Smart ecosystem will include a wide range of wellness industry participants. This range will be limited only by their ability to provide online services and generate client demand. In the beginning stages Doctor Smart will only integrate two segments of the wellness industry with its ecosystem:

Wellness-centers

21

Fitness Centers (their specialists will be connected to the ecosystem) and individual fitness experts.

Nutritionists and healthy eating experts.

They will be able to consult our users online, watching the training session in the gym or at home, make tailored individual training programs that take into account the data on the client’s health status, monitor theirs progress and intervene or make adjustments where necessary. Personal fitness instructors are unavailable to many people because of high costs and the necessity of planning training sessions in advance. Doctor Smart will solve this problem by opening prompt access to professional fitness instructors at any time that the client requests.

They will be able to consult our users on any issues ranging from drafting a meal plan or advising on the daily calorie or macro-intake. Food composition strongly depends on the person’s targets and their physical activity. One of the biggest advantages of the Doctor Smart ecosystem is the following: if necessary and with the user’s permission, the nutritionist will be able to get the necessary information from the system and to make a tailored meal plan that would be much more suitable to the user.

Synergy across different sectors is one of the key characteristics of the Doctor Smart ecosystem. By combining data from various sources and a wide range of healthcare specialists, we will provide complex solutions to our users. If a wellness consultant notices that the client has some health issues, the consultant could advise the client to consult a doctor that the system will find for them immediately. If a doctor notices that the issues are caused by a lack of physical activity or an unhealthy diet, the patient will be able to consult a relevant specialist at once. All communication will takes place within the same ecosystem - there will be no need even to change applications. The payment will be made from a single account, and all rates will be unified and transparent.

Doctor Smart will provide its partners in the wellness industry with a flow of clients, marketing and technical support and will charge fees for the lead and service platform.

We expect that due to the technical development, the number and quality of opportunities for online services in the different sectors of the wellness industry will increase each year, and we will be able to expand the range of wellness services providers. We are especially interested in aesthetic medicine and skin health, wellness tourism and other areas in the healthy lifestyle and wellness field.

1 http://www.europeactive.eu/blog/new-research-physical-activity-levels-released

2 https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/press-release/wearable-fitness-trackers-market

3 https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS42818517

4 https://www.globalwellnessinstitute.org/press-room/statistics-and-facts/

22

Insurance companies are amongst the most numerous healthcare organizations all over the world. Depending on the country, medical insurance can be compulsory or voluntary, and insurance companies can be private or public. Aside from insurance- backed medical services, many countries have a large budget for state-funded medical services. The US, for example, has a wide-scale joint federal and state programs for people with low incomes (Medicaid) and elderly people (Medicare). Meanwhile, in the UK most of the medical care is financed from the federal budget.

Insurance companies do not always cover the full cost of medical treatment. Depending on the type of the insurance (private or public), patients often have to pay for a portion of their care - for example, the first day of a hospital stay (US, Medicare) or a certain medical fee until it reaches a particular sum each year (Sweden) 1. In addition, ordinary users often do not understand the specifics or fine print within their insurance policies, including what exactly they are paying for, and which services are and are not covered by the policy. Many people do not understand even the basic terms 2. Doctor Smart’s insurance policies, which are based on smart-contracts, will be able to solve this problem.

The blockchain platform will enable Doctor Smart to provide its users with a transparent and automatically-executed insurance policies based on smart contracts. This format involves three-party contribution - of patient, clinic and insurance company - and it is able to achieve a degree of freedom from human intervention that was unattainable earlier. The terms and conditions of an insurance policy will be written in simple language, transparently fixed in the unchangeable blockchain.

There will be a special interface in the Doctor Smart ecosystem for insurance companies that will simplify the process of drafting such policies. Insurance companies will be able to use this interface to put together their client products and put them up for sale. All available policies will be written in simple language, making it much easier for the user to make an informed choice. Users will also be able to construct individual insurance policies that will comprise only of the services they need.

Doctor Smart will collaborate only with those insurance companies that are ready to offer transparent terms and support our principles of automated insurance. We are going to monetize this sector by charging fees for insurance policy sales and prolongations. Doctor Smart will provide insurance companies with all of the marketing tools for profitable sales, as well as legal services and technical support.

Insurance Companies

1 https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/feb/09/which-country-has-worlds-best-healthcare-system-this-is-the-nhs

2 http://www.allhealthpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Health-Literacy-Toolkit_163.pdf

23

AI technologies are one of the most promising areas in modern medicine having huge opportunities for investors. McKinsey estimates the potential of the global market at $750 billion 1. The sector is on the verge of technological disruption; events that will take place in the next 10 years will dramatically change the way doctors and other medical professionals treat patients.

Interpretation of medical images is one of the today’s most urgent medical problems. In February 2017 a group of researchers at Stanford University announced 2 that they had taught neural networks to recognize images of carcinoma (the most common type of skin cancer) and melanoma (5% of all images, but the most dangerous type of skin cancer) at the level of the best experts. In January 2018, scholars at Yale University 3 taught neural networks to predict the personal risk of melanoma developing with a high degree of accuracy. The predictive potential of these technologies is impressive – they are expected to significantly increase chances of early diagnosis, which is vitally important for a successful outcome.The latest research and empirical data suggest that the first generation of medical AI technologies will appear in medical practices in the next 3- 5 years. These technologies will be able to make a decision as to whether someone’s X-ray image or CT scan should be shown to the doctor or not. In 7 -10 years the second generation of medical AI will be able to make a preliminary interpretation of the image, enabling diagnosticians to work faster and tell them what to pay attention to. AI will also give prognostic recommendations and assess the risk of developing different diseases, including cancer, based on the patient’s medical tests. This can feed into recommendations for the necessary frequency of future check-ups.Doctor Smart is going to implement the most advanced technological solutions of its market partners into its mobile platform, acting as a marketplace in the sphere of high-tech medicine. Throughout the world, dozens of teams are developing impressive AI-based products, and many of them have significant potential. Doctor Smart will provide them with the necessary flow of clients and monetization of their inventions, while users will receive the most advanced solutions from around the world all in one accessible platform.

The Doctor Smart team is currently working on integrating multiple medical diagnostic AI applications into its ecosystem, including neural networks that can interpret CT/MRT results, X-ray images, blood and skin images and ultrasound scans. Access to these technologies will be provided to doctors of partner clinics who will use them to make better diagnoses within a shorter timeframe while decreasing the number of medical errors. For example, in the US one in five patients with breast cancer gets a false negative diagnoses when a person has cancer but the doctor failed to interpret the test results correctly 4. Neural networks will also help to make accurate diagnoses to people who live in remote regions.In future, we plan to give our customers access to the resources of neural networks too. They will be able to upload their own medical images in DICOM format and receive a neural network report as a second opinion. Personified health is another promising opportunity for AI implementation that Doctor Smart is currently working on. We will be able to provide our users with personal pro-active recommendations that will help them improve their health, general condition,

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

24

physical shape and overall quality of life. It will be made possible by connecting machine learning and deep learning to the interpretation of: Information from wearable fitness and medical devices connected to our ecosystem via open API; accumulated structured information about the user’s health based on their use of Doctor Smart services.

This data will also be available to our consultants, which will enable them to improve the quality of wellness consultations, making them more productive and tailored for each individual. Being in constant contact with the users, Doctor Smart will be able to understand the efficiency of recommendations and inform the users about their progress.

Doctor Smart will also be using AI technologies both in product solutions and its internal technological processes. For example, we are working on the implementation of machine learning in Doctor Smart’s system of support for medical decisions. This will enable the system to learn independently and amend its operations based on the new data. This system will also be able to verify the qualifications of doctors connected to Doctor Smart.

1 https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/advanced-electronics/our-insights/artificial-intelligence-the-time-to-act-is-now%20

2 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21056.epd

3 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19907-9.pdf

4 https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/limitations-of-mammograms.html

25

Compliance with HIPAA requirementsHealthcare providers are required to comply with all of the requirements of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, HIPAA 1 - the regulatory framework which creates the rules for handling patients’ personal medical information at medical facilities.

All centralized databases are vulnerable to hacker attacks, however secure they may appear. Traditional medical information systems, despite compliance with HIPAA requirements, are no exception. The breach of the Equifax credit reporting agency that compromised the personal data of its 143 million clients in the US, is just one example of a large-scale attack on a supposedly secure centralized database 2.

Using blockchain together with other technologies for dynamic data security, Doctor Smart is creating a blockchain-based platform that will comply with all HIPAA’s security requirements. Doctor Smart’s dynamic identification protocol will divide data into three groups with different levels of access permissions depending on the type of the user, time and reason for access, geo-location and business needs. The use of anonymous dynamic identifiers obtained non-mathematically will help Doctor Smart’s blockchain to overcome the so-called mosaic effect and provide opportunities for granular control of personal data access.

To ensure more secure data protection, medical information will be stored apart from the public blockchain.

The use of blockchain technology together with a dynamic identification protocol based on a distributed P2P network will help to ensure a new and higher level of data protection as compared to traditional databases with a centralized method of information storage. This is privacy by design.

1 https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ191/html/PLAW-104publ191.htm

2 https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/22/16345580/equifax-data-breach-credit-identity-theft-updates

26

4. The Value for Key Participants

Doctor Smart is an ecosystem that aims to improve the established, inefficient relationship between consumers and providers of healthcare services. We are creating a single ecosystem where the relationship between participants will be transparent, market-oriented and automated. We describe the key advantages for participants within the Doctor Smart ecosystem below.

The biggest advantages that Doctor Smart offers to its patients are: speed of receiving a professional consultation, price and geographical availability, coverage of multiple healthcare sectors and the unique technology platform. All of this is integrated into the Doctor Smart ecosystem, providing a single entry point to all modern healthcare services.

Speed of service will be the most immediately recognizable characteristic for anyone who uses our service for the first time after its full launch. We intend to constantly reduce waiting times until it takes less than a minute. Ensuring that consultations take place promptly is one of our key priorities, and our goal is that our users can be sure that they will never have to wait long for help from Doctor Smart.

Better prices is another of our key characteristics. The Doctor Smart team is committed to making qualified specialists from many healthcare sectors available to millions of people with different income levels. On average, consultations with our specialists will cost around $7 in all countries. Undoubtedly, the price may be higher or lower depending on the region, but still it will be several times lower than prices of traditional offline consultations provided by doctors, nutritionists, psychologists and training sessions with personal fitness instructors.

Geographical availability on a global scale is our third key user advantage. Regardless of their geo-location, our users will be able to receive a consultation from any specialist in their native language in the shortest possible time. This allows the Doctor Smart platform to select specialists according to patient-need, not geographical location.

A wide range of healthcare professionals is another our advantage. Aside from doctors of various specialties, we will also provide consultations with nutritionists, fitness and wellness experts, beauty specialists and even veterinary doctors for pets. Doctor Smart’s ability to provide consultations with highly qualified medical specialists, regardless of geographical location, will provide a level of quality for medical care which was previously unavailable to many in the traditional offline format.

For Consumers

27

Our unique technology platform is our fifth advantage. Being based on blockchain technology, it will ensure the high quality of our services, provide automated services with personal recommendations and make it possible to create insurance policies based on smart contracts with clear and transparent terms.

A single ecosystem helping people not just to stay fit and healthy, but also to truly live to the potential that nature gave us – this is Doctor Smart.

The biggest advantage that Doctor Smart will give to its medical consultants is an opportunity to comfortably increase their income and improve their professional level by working within a high-tech, international ecosystem. On top of this financial incentive, doctors will be able to provide a higher level of medical services to their clients.

Higher income is the first thing that doctors within our ecosystem could count on. This is due to the optimization of workload and client flow that will help to monetize doctors’ free time. Doctor Smart will provide its doctors with complete marketing, technical and legal support, enabling them to focus on their patients.

A flexible schedule, and the opportunity for greater control over it is the second advantage for our doctors. They will be able to connect to the system and take orders when they want to, at any time, without prior notice. All they will have to do is to enter the system and be ready to help patients.

The third advantage for our doctors will be the ability to conduct consultations from any appropriate place around the world. If all quality standards and requirements are met and observed, for example their setting is not too noisy or unprofessional, doctors could conduct consultations from any place where they could access a reliable Internet connection.

The fourth advantage for doctors is the support system for medical decisions, which will provide them with support throughout every stage of the consultation-diagnosis-recommendation-reformulation process, thereby minimizing the risk of medical errors. All prescribed medication will be automatically checked for compliance with the patients’ issue, their medical records and interaction with other drugs.

The potential for integration with our platform of any of our partners’ AI-based professional products is our fifth exclusive advantage. The platform will have access to different solutions for medical image interpretation that are based on neural networks, as well as other products, that will enable doctors to diagnose simple cases quicker while helping to deal with more complex ones.

An ecosystem with innovative, easy-to-use tools created by medical professionals, for medical professionals, and an opportunity to control one’s income and workload. This is Doctor Smart.

For Doctors

28

The key advantages for our offline partners are: an additional flow of clients to accelerate their business development, an opportunity to cut employees’ unproductive time, to expand their expertise, to automate payments and to get access to the cloud platform that is based on their colleagues’ exclusive experience and autonomous professional products.

Doctor Smart will provide its partners with a flow of clients that will help them to both increase their revenues and accelerate business development by expanding their sources of turnover, increasing their number of online clients and the rate at which they can serve them. Doctor Smart will provide its partners with full marketing, technical and legal support.

A bigger client flow will help our partners to increase income and to improve the professional expertise of their employees. The ratio of time spent serving clients vs. performing administrative tasks will improve, which will enable them to enhance their rate of professional development.

Doctor Smart will carry out all financial transactions itself: it will automate them and transfer them to the blockchain. This will help us to achieve transparency and convenience for all partners.

Doctor Smart’s cloud ecosystem will provide an opportunity to get access to the experience and knowledge of colleagues from many countries, as well as professional AI-based products that will improve the speed of many different procedures.

An ecosystem that understands the needs of businesses, that accelerates growth and that provides them with unique technological solutions in the field of customer interaction. This is Doctor Smart.

The key advantages for insurance companies are a simple and transparent form of financial settlements with medical facilities, an opportunity to independently generate offers for clients and to place them on the marketplace, and access to a big amount of impersonalized data to adjust their offer.

The blockchain-based system of financial settlements will make all settlements within the Doctor Smart ecosystem simple and transparent. This will protect business of insurance companies from consumer fraud, the risks of which they must price in their traditional policies. The less risk, the lower the price and more attractive terms for consumers.

Insurance companies will be able to generate smart contracts independently and to place them on the Doctor Smart marketplace. This will enable them to quickly develop attractive offers and bring them to market. This is of great urgency because the life span

For offline partners:clinics, wellness centers and laboratories

Insurance Companies

29

of attractive offers is getting shorter and shorter. Doctor Smart’s proposals will be the most exciting within the current medical insurance industry.

The Doctor Smart ecosystem will store a huge amount of data on behavioral patterns and medical services from all around the world. This information in an impersonal form will enable insurance companies to adjust their models and create better, more targeted offers, enabling them to better meet customers’ needs and expectations.

Doctor Smart will provide insurance companies with all the necessary marketing tools for insurance policy sales that are based on smart contracts, legal support for a long-term and mutually beneficial partnership and technical support for a more thorough understanding of best ways to exploit new approaches to insurance policies.

A true business partner, one who creates new markets while improving established ones for all market participants within the medical insurance sector. This is Doctor Smart.

For developers of AI-based products the key advantages are the opportunity to monetize their inventions, to enter the international market and to develop their brand in a professional environment.

Doctor Smart provides AI-based product developers with an opportunity to launch their inventions to a ready audience, and to find clients in the medical business environment. We expect that our partners’ products will help to solve certain simple medical problems themselves. This will help to optimize the way that medical professionals spend their time by automating simple cases, helping with the complicated ones and removing the administrative tasks.

The second exclusive opportunity for our partners is to enter the global market without significant financial costs. Doctor Smart is projected as an international platform to which medical clinics and laboratories from different countries will be connected. Innovative technological AI-based solutions will attract our partners regardless of their region. Developers could create multi-language products adapted for all regions where they want to work.

Finally, Doctor Smart will not just be a platform that provides the medical business with access to products, it will also help to improve them. The big data that our ecosystem aggregates will be available to our partners for training and testing their neural networks. This means that companies that work with us will get a competitive advantage.

The high-tech medical marketplace through which innovative companies can develop new products and facilitate their entry to the international markets. This is Doctor Smart.

Developers of AI-based Products

30

5. Doctor Smart’s Blockchain Platform

Blockchain Scheme

31

Why Blockchain and Why Two Types?

Public Blockchain: Ethereum

The main reason for using blockchain technology is to ensure the transparency of all our operations and to guarantee the rights of all participants. Blockchain will help to ensure safety and inalterability of all information which passes through Doctor Smart, including financial transactions, prices for services, ratings and specialist certifications, guarantees for payments of insurance liabilities and much more.

Doctor Smart will use two types of blockchain simultaneously. A private blockchain, based on Quorum will be used to record all transactions within the ecosystem, ratings, results of specialists’ certifications and other operations. The use of a private blockchain is necessitated by the current technical limitations of public blockchains which cannot support the necessary number of transactions, user experience or unit economics. As well as this private blockchain, a public blockchain based on the Ethereum network will be used that will ensure the wide-scale initial distribution and subsequent liquidity of DSTT tokens, while guaranteeing data inalterability in the private blockchain.

As the basis of our private blockchain we chose to use JPMorgan’s well- proven platform Quorum. It has the same base as Ethereum, and smart contracts are developed there in a similar way. In order to achieve the necessary speed of the network and block formation, our project must implement a modified approach to block formation. This is why we will implement centralized consensus algorithm PoA (Proof of Authority).Within the project framework, special tools will be developed to guarantee the inalterability of our private blockchain through Block Proof smart contracts on the Ethereum public blockchain.

We use the Ethereum blockchain in our project for the following tasks: — Sale of project tokens for the widest possible distribution of potential

ecosystem participants *; — For the Block Proof mechanism that ensures the inalterability of our private

blockchain.

* Sale will be open to the public with restrictions in certain jurisdictions. In the US, the sale will be held under Rule 506(c) of Regulation D of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1933 (DSTT tokens will be available for purchase in the US by accredited investors only).

32

Private Blockchain: QuorumThe private blockchain contains the main functionality of the service:

— Smart contracts for system participants’ wallets;

— Billing and Transaction System (with public access to the history of all transactions in the system);

— System of insurance policies with a guaranteed and automated payment mechanism;

— Feedback and rating system with an open mechanism for calculating the rating of a particular doctor and patient;

— Certification system with guaranteed history of doctor certification.

Within the private blockchain, there are two types of nodes:

As distinct from ordinary nodes, voter nodes can assemble blocks and vote for them within the PoA mechanism of the Quorum consensus blockchain. The circle of ecosystem participants owning voter nodes will be limited:

— The platform itself. To ensure fault tolerance and availability, voter nodes will be set up in datacenters around the world.

— Owners of “real nodes”, that should be pre-approved and meet certain technical requirements.

The growth of the voter node number contributes to greater decentralization and fault tolerance of the network. For this purpose, the Doctor Smart ecosystem contains incentives for creating new nodes. There are two ways for users to participate in it:

Anyone can set up an ordinary node and get access to all information stored in the blockchain. Ordinary nodes cannot create new blocks.

A real node participates in the process of creation and voting for blocks and gets a reward for its work as a % of the payment transaction amount within the platform. A real node should meet certain technical requirements to ensure that all operations within the platform are performed smoothly. To set up a real node, it is necessary to make a deposit in DSTT tokens and receive approval of other voter nodes.

If the user does not have the technical capability to set up their own node, but wants to contribute to the development of the blockchain platform, they can set up a virtual node. In this case, the user needs only to make a deposit in DSTT tokens, while Doctor Smart will take care of the node installation and other technical support.

Ordinary node

To set up a real voter node

To set up a virtual voter node

Voter node

33

In this case, the user will also get a reward as a % of the payment transaction amount within the platform, but it will be smaller than for the real node because a part of the reward will go to Doctor Smart for technical support.

Characteristics of the Private Blockchain

Technical development of the blockchain platform, updating and expanding its functionality, and setting basic technical parameters (eg., fee size, received by Doctor Smart and voter nodes within the platform) are carried out by Doctor Smart.

The same tokens are used in private and public blockchain. A limited number of tokens will be issued during the token sale, and there will be no subsequent emission. To transfer tokens between blockchains and to ensure an appropriate level of trust, a special mechanism for moving tokens between blockchains was developed. To implement it, a smart contract PrivPub Transfer will be created on the Ethereum public blockchain. Its task will be to store at its address the amount equivalent to the number of tokens transferred to the private blockchain. Bank smart contract on the side of the private blockchain will work in a similar way. A token owner will be able to transfer their tokens to the smart contract PrivPub Transfer, and the service from a special account the same number of tokens to the same address, but in the private blockchain. The reverse operation takes place in the same way. It means that no tokens are generated or burned for transfer operation. The total amount of tokens within the public and private blockchain will be equal to the sum issued during the token sale.

Only financial and reputational information about clients is stored in the blockchain. An unlimited number of wallets directly related to each other can be created within the system. A user will be able to pay for services from different wallets, dividing them by condition-type or some other logic. Users will also have the ability to place certain consultations in a separate financial history stream, meaning they could take some medical consultations anonymously - information related to these consultations will not appear in their main medical records.

Doctor Smart will allow its users to pay for its services with national fiat currencies. When the service starts operating in a new region, the exchange rate of the local currency to the token will be introduced to the Exchange smart contract (after that, this information will be updated regularly). From that moment a user in that region could fill up their account with any means of payment (credit cards and other means) and pay for the services in the local currency. A service provider in that region will also be able to receive income

Development and Technical Parameters

Transferring Tokens Between Blockchain

Anonymity and Multi Address

An Opportunity to Pay in National Currencies

34

in the local currency. The moment the payment is made, the payer’s national currency is converted: first into tokens and then into the recipient’s currency. The system will not charge fees for the exchange rate difference, and receiving income in the same currency will not decrease the income. If legislation within a service providers’ country allows them to receive income in tokens, the user will have a choice: to receive income in the national currency or in tokens. In addition to tokens and national currencies, the system will allow payments in other cryptocurrencies.

Blockchain Platform Development

To ensure fault tolerance and accelerate operational speed, in future we plan to integrate a multi-chain mechanism. Under certain conditions within a single blockchain, several valid blocks can exist simultaneously. They will be accepted later. This mechanism will allow for the parallel existence of two chains with partial and temporal isolation. At the moment of synchronization, both chain histories from the main and isolated blockchain will be accepted if they do not contradict each other. To prevent the rejection of the isolated chain at the platform level, users’ wallets will be divided by geography. This approach will help regions with unstable access to the Internet (China and others) operate smoothly. Wallets that are tied to those regions will perform transactions within the limits allowed by their region.

Migration to Multi-Chain Blockchain

Roadmap for the Development of the Blockchain Platform

q1 2018

Formalization of blockchain require-ments and technical specifications

q3 2018

Developing the main elements of smart contracts for private and public blockchain

q2 2018Developing smart contract for our ICO-Token. Start of work on smart contracts

q4 2018Testing and launching blockchain

q1 2019

Developing insurance smart contracts and connecting them to the system

q2 2019Developing and

implementing blockchain with

parallel execution in multiple chains

to provide independence of regions from each other and a many fold increase of Doctor

Smart blockchain operational speed

35

6. The DSTTThe Doctor Smart Time Token (DSTT) grants a partial digital right to participate in the Doctor Smart community, including some financial and non-financial privileges, access to better rates for patients and bigger functionality for doctors. Patients that own tokens can get additional discounts and doctors will be able to earn more as the platform will take a smaller portion of their revenues. DSTT tokens are not spent if their owners use them to receive the above-mentioned privileges, but they can also be used as a payment instrument - users can pay with tokens for Doctor Smart services. The Doctor Smart Time Token is one of ERC-20 standard, issued on the Ethereum blockchain and compatible with Quorum private blockchain, which is used in the Doctor Smart ecosystem. The transfer of tokens between the two types of blockchains takes place without any restrictions or approvals. As a result of this transfer, the total number of tokens remains unchanged.

All transactions within the Doctor Smart ecosystem are performed with DSTT tokens and are recorded in the Quorum private blockchain, the status of which is recorded in the Ethereum public blockchain to guarantee data inalterability. Clients can choose between buying tokens themselves to pay for services on the Doctor Smart platform and other payment options (fiat money or popular cryptocurrencies, for example, BTC or ETH).

If clients choose to pay with fiat money, they must transfer the necessary sum to Doctor Smart using a credit card or local payment systems. When Doctor Smart receives money it will automatically transfer the necessary tokens to the client’s account, which are then used then to pay for the services. To ensure smooth and continuous operations, Doctor Smart will always keep a sufficient quantity of DSTT tokens in reserve, made during the ICO and from the fee-based income.

Service providers can also choose between receiving their income in DSTT tokens, fiat money and other cryptocurrencies. If a provider decides to receive income in fiat money, the client’s payment once they’ve received a service is made in DSTT tokens, transferred to Doctor Smart’s wallet and then an equivalent sum will be transferred to the provider’s account (in the national currency and after deduction of Platform fees *

Performing Transactions on the Platform

* The Company reserves the right to define and/or modify the amount of Platform fees in its sole discretion once the Doctor Smart network is launched.

36

The DSTT token is a key element of the Doctor Smart loyalty program, which helps platform’s users to get access to additional services, as well as to financial and non- financial privileges within the ecosystem. The loyalty program applies both to clients and service providers and has three levels: silver, gold and platinum. To access the privileges at each level, one must purchase a certain number of DSTT tokens and freeze them within a special smart contract. A higher level in the loyalty program requires more frozen tokens and grants more privileges. The user can at any time increase their number of pre-deposited tokens in order to access a higher level within the loyalty program. After the deposit period ends, the user can extend participation in the loyalty program into the next period or take their tokens away.

To obtain a certain level in the loyalty program, tokens should be deposited for a period of between one month and two years. The longer the deposit period, the smaller the number of tokens that must be frozen to obtain a certain level in the loyalty program.

A user can buy DSTT tokens themselves to participate in the loyalty program or transfer funds in fiat money or other cryptocurrencies. If the user chooses to pay with fiat money, the process is similar to payment for services: a client or a provider deposits money into their Doctor Smart account and the relevant number of tokens at the current rate are transferred as a deposit for the loyalty program.

Privileges for clients within the loyalty program may include:

— Discounts on all or some services provided on the Doctor Smart platform

— Cash back and bonuses for using services on the Doctor Smart platform

— Priority connection with specialists during periods of high demand on their services

— Personal 24/7 support from the Doctor Smart team to solve any issues that may arise (platinum level).

Privileges for doctors within the loyalty program may include:

— Smaller fees charged on income earned on the Doctor Smart platform

— Higher priority when selecting a specialist for a client

— Priority access when Doctor Smart launches new products and services

— Personal 24/7 support from the Doctor Smart team to solve any issues that arise (platinum level).

The exact parameters of the loyalty program, including deposit size, discounts for clients and fees for doctors may vary depending on the client’s region and change over time as the platform develops and the number of users rises. The terms of Doctor Smart’s loyalty program will be publicly announced after the launch of the service in every new region.

Loyalty Program

37

Providers’ deposits are another important element of the Doctor Smart ecosystem. 10% of the provider’s income from every service will be frozen for one month. If the specialist provides services of consistently high quality, then after one month period ends the frozen amount becomes their property. The specialist will then be able to access this money in DSTT tokens, in their national currency or a chosen cryptocurrency at their will. If the quality of consultation is poor, or the specialist violates the platform rules, the deposited tokens may be partially or completely deducted to compensate the user. This should encourage specialists to provide services of consistently high quality.

To become a node owner in the Doctor Smart ecosystem, one must make a deposit in DSTT tokens. The platform participants can either independently support node operations or use a virtual node, in which case they make a deposit (of a certain amount), and the node is installed by Doctor Smart. For real nodes the deposit serves as a guarantee of smooth and high-quality operations, and owners of virtual nodes will be able to receive additional income from owning DSTT tokens, while contributing to the network security that increases with the growth in the number of nodes.

Nodes ensure smooth operation of the Doctor Smart blockchain platform and, therefore, should continue to meet certain technical requirements that will evolve as the ecosystem develops. Maintaining continuous operation of a node requires a certain level of effort and expense, and their owners will receive fees for transactions in the ecosystem as a reward. Initially, the node fees will be 1 percent and it will be paid from Doctor Smart’s

Within the Doctor Smart ecosystem, insurance policies will be implemented through smart contracts. When an insurer sells a new policy a part of its value, paid by the client, is transferred to a special account. All contracts are paid for and reserves are made in DSTT tokens. The reserves allow insurance companies to access liquidity at any time and to make prompt payments in case of insurance events. The size of reserves that insurances companies should hold is proportional to the amount within their portfolio of insurance contracts. When a contract expires, the relevant portion of the reserve will become available to insurance companies.

Deposits of Providers on the Platform

Deposits of Nodes on the Platform

Node Fees

Deposits of Insurance Companies on the Platform

38

A key question for any project that issues its own token is whether it is, in fact, necessary. If the platform functionality and incentive program for its participants can be implemented without issuing tokens, or if the token may be replaced with any existing cryptocurrencies (for example, ETH), then the project does not need its own token, and the token’s only necessary function is to raise funds during an ICO. The use of DSTT token in the Doctor Smart ecosystem is justified by two types of factor - technical and economic.

The technical need for tokens comes from certain functionality requirements of the platform. Apart from the Ethereum public blockchain, the DSTT token is the only token in the Quorum private blockchain and is therefore necessary to the proper functionality of the Doctor Smart ecosystem.

From an economic perspective, the token is necessary to develop the incentive system for platform participants. Participants of the loyalty program are incentivized to hold a certain number of DSTT tokens to receive additional services and better terms on the Doctor Smart platform. This will incentivize people to become more engaged with the platform by offering them more attractive terms which will in turn improve their user experience and contribute to the growth of the ecosystem. A deposit in fiat money and other cryptocurrencies will not allow to achieve a similar result. In addition, this model will ensure that platform users will always be able to access more value from DSTT tokens than those who use it exclusively for investment and speculative purposes. Participants of the loyalty program receive proportional financial benefits if the DSTT token appreciates, as well as additional value in the form of discounts and bonuses through platform usage, that are unavailable to those people who do not use the platform. Another important consideration for any project is the ongoing value of the native token as the platform develops. If a token is used solely as a means of payment within the platform it will inevitably be subject to high turnover, which will inhibit its fundamental value even if the project is developing well. More detailed information is available here and here.

Doctor Smart will solve the problem of high turnover with its deposit system, compulsory for all providers and insurance companies within the platform and optional for all other users (who can make deposits to participate in the loyalty program). When the number of users is growing, the total value of all deposits in the system provides a barometer for the minimum fundamental value of all DSTT tokens. Although the token price may for a short time fall below this fundamental value level, the demand from new users will inevitably return the price to fair values.

Doctor Smart Tokenomics

fees. Thus, Doctor Smart will stimulate node diversification and fault tolerance of the whole system without shifting these costs to the end users of the platform. Over time the fee size may vary in both directions insignificantly.

39

7. Token Sale

BrieflyToken

Closed pre-sale

Main token sale

Hardcap / Softcap

Exchange rate

Purchase restrictions

Payment accepted in

Doctor Smart Time Token (DSTT)

May — July 2018

July 30 — September 30, 2018

$50m / $5m

1 ETH = 1000 DSTT

0.1 ETH minimum

BTC, ETH, BCH, LTC, DASH, ZEC

All DSTT tokens will be issued and distributed among participants within a month after the main token sale ends. There will be no additional token sale in future.

Token Sale

Team

Reserves

Advisers

Loyalty Program

Referral Program

Total

57%

19%

14%

5%

3%

2%

100%

Token Distribution

Some tokens will be frozen after the token sale ends and will be put into circulation after a delay: — Tokens owned by the team will have two year linear vesting: every 6 months 25% of tokens will be unfreezed;

— For advisers’ tokens the vesting period will be at least 3 months;

— For tokens bought by early investors the vesting period will be 3 months at least.

Vesting

40* Tokens purchased by US investors or received during the bounty and referral programs by US investors will be subject to additional transfer restrictions as provided in the Memorandum.

Tokens that were bought during the main token sale and distributed during the loyalty and referral programs will not be subject to additional restrictions *.

The token reserves created during the token sale cannot be sold. These will be used as a deposit for Doctor Smart’s nodes to provide an incentive for users of the ecosystem and to provide a liquidity pool for users who want to buy tokens through the Doctor Smart company to be able to use the platform.

Distribution of the Funds Raised

Development includes expenses on developing a program product for the Doctor Smart ecosystem, including a team of its own product engineers; purchasing or financing the third-party technological solutions that can improve the platform; technical integration of partners to the single ecosystem, etc. Marketing and sales includes expenses on project promotion in selected regions (luring customers, expanding partner network and other marketing actions).

It is important for us to ensure that our community understands how the funds raised during the ICO will be spent. Below we describe how we are going to spend money (as we see it now). The biggest cost items are development, marketing and sales.

Marketing and Sales

Development

Reserves

Legal Services

Administrative Expenses

50%

30%

10%

5%

5%

41

8. RoadmapThe roadmap includes administrative procedures, a detailed plan of the project development for the next 24 months, marketing promotion in relevant regions, etc.

Detailed project development plan for the next 18 months (describes the stages of component development for the Doctor Smart ecosystem)

By the end of the token sale Doctor Smart intends to launch the basic version of its platform which will make available basic teleconsultations with the necessary interface for clients and specialists, the system of doctor pre-scoring for the access to the platform and the cloud system for partner clinics.

Soon after the launch of teleconsultations Doctor Smart will start developing the network of offline partners and the technical infrastructure necessary for it. It will also launch the blockchain platform and some of its key technological services, including the decision support system.

TeleHealth and TeleMedicine module

Client account basic version

Specialist account basic version

Payment module basic version

Cloud Medical Information System (DS Cloud EMR) basic version

Doctor’s pre-scoring (AI based) module basic version

Q2 2018

Q3 2018

42

43

Offline Appointment and Medical Test module

Decision Support System

Doctors Ratings module

Doctor Smart Blockchain Platform

Wellness segment of Client Account basic version

After the launch of key consumer services, we will focus on finalizing the platform’s technical elements that are necessary for the full version of the platform.

The priority for the team in 2019 will be to add AI-based services to the platform and to integrate them with various data sources to expand the range of available services while improving their quality. Aside from this, insurance products will be added to the ecosystem.

Specialist account full version

Client account full version

Cloud Medical Information System (DS Cloud EMR) full version

Smart Queue module

Payment module full version

Open API module

ESB Integration module basic version

Consilium module

Insurance policies based on smart contracts

Atomic Service module

AI-driven Wellness section of Client Account

Doctor’s pre-scoring (AI based) module full version

Doctor Smart e-prescriptions with confirmation on blockchain

ESB Integration module full version

Q4 2018

Q1 2019

Q2 2019

Q3 2019

44

By the beginning of 2020 Doctor Smart plans to finish the development of the platform’s key technological elements. The last stage will be the integration of all information available within the ecosystem in a single data bank that will be accessible for research and for AI-driven algorithm training and lay the foundation for developing next generation medical solutions.

To launch in every target region, the project must first find the solution to some specific problems, including compliance with existing rules and public regulation, developing partnership with local companies and institutions, and creation and implementation of the marketing strategy. Our plans to scale the project globally include working to provide support for languages other than Russian and English, connecting regions around the world gradually.

Q1 2020

Data Bank

45

9. TeamThe Doctor Smart team is committed to making qualified specialists from different healthcare segments accessible to millions of people regardless of their income level and geolocation. Doctor Smart’s intention to give people the opportunity to better control their health and quality of life has united people with experience in medicine and IT, as well as those with experience developing products for corporation users and popular mass services for consumers. The Doctor Smart team possesses all of the necessary competencies to implement their plans.

Pavel Roytberg Vladimir NikolskyCo-Founder Co-Founder

PhD in Economics. One of the leading experts in telemedicine and health technology in Russia. Member of the Board of Directors of Medicina, a JCI-accredited clinic in Moscow. Pavel has been an active member of blockchain and cryptography communities in Russia and the US since 2016. In 2016, he studied Leadership Strategies for Information Technology in Health Care at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.Has been involved in healthcare software development for more than 20 years. Created a cloud-storage solution for medical records (Smart Medicina, 2014), an expert clinical decision support system (2015), and an automated prescription checking system (2015).

Manager with more than 10 years experience in international internet businesses, with successful tech product launches. Vladimir founded several companies, including game developers IT Territory (2004) and Astrum Online Entertainment (2007).In 2009–2013 he headed the Online Games Division as Vice President at Mail.Ru Group, the largest internet company in Eastern Europe. Today, he is Chief OperatingOfficer (Russia), a position he took in 2013.

46

Grigory Roytberg

Project team

VyacheslavPotemkin

Nevil Chimon

Non Executive Chairman

Product DirectorChief Business Development in Asia

President of Medicina, a JCI-accredited clinic in Moscow.MD, Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Therapy and Family Medicine Department at

the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation.Grigory published more than 120 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Project Leader in mobile and web design with more than 9 years experience. He joined the Doctor Smart team through HeadHunter where he led the mobile technology department. Prior to that he led design and launch of tens of game projects. He has worked on products with audiences of more than 75 million users in 42 countries. Certified agile professional (KMP, ICP, ICP-ATF) and experienced scrum-master and facilitator

As a leader in drug discovery and diagnostic healthcare over the last two decades, Nevil has helped transform how drugs are tested and changed the direction of clinical trial design by using molecular imaging to save tens of millions of dollars for Big Pharma. In 2010, as CEO, he helped grow the largest private diagnostic clinic in Singapore with unmatched capabilities in nuclear medicine, successfully completing M&As with Fortis Healthcare in 2012 for USD56M and Fullerton Healthcare in 2014 for USD85M. Nevil’s technical expertise and entrepreneurial focus has helped raise over USD7M for startups. Supporting VCs to evaluate disruptive technologies using AI to accelerate disease diagnosis and drug discovery.

47

Kirill Keker

Dmitry Khan

Ivan Tiutiundzhi

Systems Architect

VP International BusinessDevelopment

PR and MarketingDirector

Technical expert with more than 10 years experience in software development for mass media, telecommunications and banking.As a technology architect Kirill worked on several projects, including Otrkitie.Life, a digital HR initiative run by Otkritie, one of the largest banks in Russia (2017).Kirill is a co-founder of Tele.Live, a tech startup offering interactive content solutions for internet television and video content providers.

Blockchain expert and corporate strategic advisor. Dmitry has 20 years experience in the venture capital industry, direct investments, in the field of mergers and acquisitions in hi-tech and biomedicine.Dmitry is a co-founder of Dauria Aerospace, the first privately-held aerospace manufacturer in Russia, and the Genomics Center in Moscow, a research company funded by Rostock Biotech. Advisor at Longevica, a biotech startup developing drugs that extend healthy lifespan, with proven effectiveness

PhD in Sociology. Recognized with industry awards—Best PR Director in 2014 and 2017— by the Russian Managers Association and the Kommersant Publishing House.Ivan has years of experience in political consulting and marketing research. In 2010–2017, he headed the PR division at HeadHunter, Russia’s leading online HR-solutions provider, boosting its position in the human resources market in the CIS countries.

AlexanderNaslednikovManaging Partner

B.A in Mathematics and Computer Science, MBA (Technion-IIT). More than 15 years experience in software development. Co-founder and VP Business Development at Fornova.net. Founder of Gbooking and Med.me — Healthcare IT-platforms.

48

Victor Savevski

Chief Digital Officer for one of the largest private Healthcare groups in Europe. He is a digital health innovator and has launched many digital health platforms, apps and websites that are currently used by tens of million of patients each year. Victor is an expert writer for Wired Italy, a guest Lecturer at SDA Bocconi on Digital Health and a Blockchain enthusiast and innovator.Victor holds a Medical Engineering degree, an MSc and Digital Strategy from Harvard University.

Advisors

Eldwin WongAlberto Lee

Eldwin is a serial entrepreneur with business interest across various industries. He founded EMVertex in 2007 and the company and its subsidiaries now provide consulting services, investment, financing, bank brokerage and ICO advisory. In the ICO space Eldwin advises various on their token economy and successfully assisted them in their fund rising. In Feb 2018 Eldwin’s ICO advisory business and Advisory Token merged to form Priority Token Asia focusing on serving clients in Asia.

Alberto Lee is an experienced blockchain economy evangelist deeply involved in the blockchain community of South Korea. He is a founder of Blockchainomics, a project providing advice to token issuers during their distribution and launch stages in South Korea and Japan. Lee will help Doctor Smart reach into new communities and markets , with particular focus on East Asia.

Mario Schlener

Mario is a leading expert (20 years of Financial Industry Experience) specialising in implementing Global ERM and Compliance frameworks (incl. Market- Credit- Op-Risk, ICAAP/ILAAP, SREP, RWA Optimization, NPL Modelling, compliance transformation projects) and developing risk models and platforms for e.g.: - derivative pricing models, - stresstesting frameworks and models (incl EBA/ECB Stresstesting), - impairment models (PD, LGD, CCF) for IAS39 and IFRS 9- risk due diligences including bank valuation.

49

Sergei Chernev

IT expert specializing in payment processing, designing and implementing scalable, high-load IT solutions.PhD in Technical Sciences, MSc in Physics. Sergei is a certified Cisco, Microsoft professional and an Oracle certified trainer.He has more than 25 years experience in distributed systems development and implementation. Sergei is an inventor holding international patents, including EP1836676A4 (System and method for authenticating users for secure mobile electronic transactions) and WO2007084246A3 (System and method for advertising in a communication system).

AlexanderRumyantsev

Pediatrist, General Director of the Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology.Member of the Russian Academy of Science and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, MD, PhD, Professor, Chief Freelance Pediatric Hematologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. President of the National Society of Pediatric Hematologists and Oncologists.Alexander published more than 650 scientific papers, including 45 monographs.

50