Global Climate Change AllianceSupport Facility

Module 5

Raising awareness

and building partnershipsand building partnerships

Training workshops onmainstreaming climate change

Training materials developed with the support of the European Commission

Tools supporting awareness raisingand partnership building

Assessingevidence

Vulnerability andadaptation

assessments

Engaging keyactors

Awarenessraising &

partnership

2

assessments

Macro and mesoeconomicanalysis

Demonstration orpilot projects

Communication& advocacy

strategy

Nationalconsensus on

and commitmentto climate-

resilient and low-emission

development

partnershipbuilding

Adapted from: UNDP-UNEP (2011)

Vulnerability and adaptationassessment

• A vulnerability and adaptation assessmentwould typically focus on 3 units of analysis:

– Places: land, water, ecosystems, ‘natural capital’ and‘built infrastructure’

– People: individuals, communities, ‘human capital’,livelihoods

– Institutions: sectors, organisations, how they relate toeach other, ‘social capital’

• It should assess both current & future vulnerabilityto determine possible adaptation measures

Source: Downing & Patwardhan (2004)3

Steps in community vulnerability &adaptation assessment

Source: IPCC (2007c)4th Assessment Report,

WG II - Fig. 16.3

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Caribbean region: Vulnerability &capacity assessments (1)

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Caribbean region: Vulnerability &capacity assessments (2)

• Implemented in most Caribbean countries(including some OCTs)

• Key features of methodology:

– Define scope of VCA

– Assess past, current and projected climate conditions– Assess past, current and projected climate conditions

– Assess socio-economic trends and conditioning factors

– Assess social capitals and vulnerability

– Develop integrated vulnerability indicators

– Develop national and community-level risk profiles

– Identify entry points for mainstreaming in decision making

– Evaluate scenarios in the context of mainstreaming

6Source: Pulwarty & Hutchinson (2008)

Mapping physical vulnerability

Elevation map of central Apia

Elevation

0 m

1 m

Exhibit 3 – Highly granular geographic information has been used tosegment assets according to their elevation above sea level

Approach

• Starting point was adigital map ofSamoa with contourlines (2m lines incoastal areas)

• In a second step, a

7Source: Economics of Climate Adaptation (2009) Test case on Samoa – Focus on

risks caused by sea level rise, Fig. 03, p. 122

SOURCE: Team analysis

Building

Road

>4 m

2 m• In a second step, a

more granularsegmentation ofcoastal areas wasobtained by usingstate-of-the-art GISsoftware

• Finally, geo-coordinates ofbuildings and roads,were used todetermine the assetexposure to coastalflooding risk

Mapping social vulnerability

8Source: Government of Jamaica (2011), Figure 10, p. 16

Macro- and meso-economicanalysis

• Economic analysis may be a powerful tool formotivating policy makers to take action

– Macro level: analysis of the impact climate change mayhave on the national economy

– Meso level: analysis at the level of key sectors or sub-sectors of the national economy

• The costs of inaction (climate-related losses) arecompared with the net benefits of taking action (avoidedlosses minus costs)

• The analysis should also consider the distribution oflosses and benefits (among social groups, regions...)

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Economics of Climate Adaptationstudy for 8 Caribbean countries (1)

• Methodology:

– Establishment of a risk baseline (current losses) andfuture expected losses for 3 different CC scenarios

– Use of hazard, economic damage functions and valuedistribution modelsdistribution models

– Assessment of adaptation measures (expected costs andbenefits against the various scenarios)

• Risks assessed focus on the impact of CC on:

– Hurricane-induced wind damage

– Coastal flooding/storm surges

– Inland flooding

10Source: CCRIF (2010)

Economics of Climate Adaptationstudy for 8 Caribbean countries (2)

• Key regional findings:

– Current climate risks already high• Annual expected losses 1-6% of GDP

• Hurricane-induced wind damage largest contributor

– CC could result in additional damage– CC could result in additional damage• High change scenario: annual expected losses increased by 1-3%

of GDP, reaching 2-9% of GDP by 2030

– Cost-effective adaptation (risk mitigation) measures canhelp reduce the expected damage

• By up to 90%, much less in some countries however

– Risk transfer (e.g. insurance, catastrophe bonds) can helpcover some of the residual risk relatively ‘cheaply’

11Source: CCRIF (2010)

Economics of Climate Adaptationstudy for 8 Caribbean countries (3)

12Source: CCRIF (2010), Figure 1, p. 4

Belize – Expected CC impact onsome crops

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Source:CCRIF (2010)

Figure 10,p. 22

Demonstration projects

Demonstration/

Test whatworks and

does not work(relevance,

effectiveness)

Supportlesson

drawing foradaptive

managementMobilise

communities,local/regional

authorities & otherDemonstration/pilot projects

authorities & otherstakeholders

Help fosterinterest andcommitmentof national

authorities &other

stakeholders

Create motivationand knowledgefor replication/

scaling-up

14Source: UNDP-UNEP (2011)

Raising awareness and buildingpartnerships (1)

• Assessing available evidence:

– using the findings of relevant studies anddemonstration/pilot projects

• Engaging key actors:

– identifying and mobilising key organisations involved in

Who might be goodchampions?

Are there alreadychampions?

– identifying and mobilising key organisations involved indevelopment at the national and sector levels

– identifying and mobilising ‘champions’

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Raising awareness and buildingpartnerships (2)

• Developing and implementing a communicationand advocacy strategy in support of mainstreaming:

– Define the target audience to be informed or influenced

– Develop policy-relevant messages and materials based on– Develop policy-relevant messages and materials based onevidence collected (e.g. policy briefs, radio programmes)

– Select and use appropriate communication channels forthe various target groups (e.g. media, sector workinggroups)

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Caribbean (regional): CC Handbookfor Caribbean Journalists

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Caribbean: My Island –My Community initiative (1)

• Training and support programme focused onaddressing CC through community mobilisation

– Active in 15 Caribbean countries

– Builds the capacities of local coalitions to raise public– Builds the capacities of local coalitions to raise publicawareness and organise community mobilisationcampaigns focused on behaviour change

– Based on the use of modern communication approaches(e.g. ‘entertainment-education’ radio dramas, interactivenational talk shows) and networking

18Source: http://mediaimpact.org/?page_id=129

Caribbean: My Island –My Community initiative (2)

• 2008-2011 – Tobago: Speyside Marine Areacommunity-based management project (GEF-funded)

– Integrated coastal zone management project

– Initial steps included an awareness raising campaignsupported by My Island – My community

• 2011-2012: Callaloo regional radio soap opera

– Illustrates actions communities can take to adapt to therising sea levels, stronger storms and loss of biodiversityassociated with climate change

– 208 episodes over 2 years!

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Source: http://www.justmeans.com/press-releases/Radio-Drama-Building-

Resilience-to-Climate-Change-in-Caribbean/7585.html

Source: http://www.thegef.org/gef/content/gef-sgp-helps-communities-protect-speyside-marine-area

Recap – Key messages

• Awareness raising and partnership building helpbuild national consensus and commitment to climate-resilient, low-emission development

• The assessment of available evidence about climate• The assessment of available evidence about climatechange and its impacts is the starting point– Evidence may be available, among others, from vulnerability

and adaptation assessments, economic analysis anddemonstration projects

• Evidence supports both the engagement of key actorsand the development of a communication and advocacystrategy

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Key references

• UNEP (2005) Communicating Sustainability: How toproduce effective public campaigns. United NationsEnvironment Programme, Nairobi

• Adaptation Learning Mechanism knowledge-sharingplatform: http://www.adaptationlearning.net/platform: http://www.adaptationlearning.net/

• World Bank – Economics of Adaptation to Climate Changeweb pages:http://climatechange.worldbank.org/content/economics-adaptation-climate-change-study-homepage

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References (1)

• CCRIF (2010) Enhancing the climate risk and adaptation fact base in the Caribbean: Aninformational brochure highlighting the preliminary results of the ECA Study. CCRIF’s Economics ofAdaptation (ECA) Initiative. Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility, Grand Cayman,Cayman Islands. Available from:http://www.ccrif.org/sites/default/files/publications/ECABrochureFinalAugust182010.pdf

• Downing T. & Patwardhan A. (2004) Assessing Vulnerability for Climate Adaptation. In: Lim B. &Spanger-Siegfried E. (eds.) (2004) Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change: DevelopingSpanger-Siegfried E. (eds.) (2004) Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change: DevelopingStrategies, Policies and Measures. United Nations Development Programme/Cambridge UniversityPress, New York. Available from: http://www.undp.org/climatechange/adapt/apf.html

• Economics of Climate Adaptation Working Group (2009) Shaping climate-resilient development: aframework for decision-making. Climate Works Foundation, Global Environment Facility, EuropeanCommission, McKinsey & Company, The Rockfeller Foundation, Standard Chartered Bank & SwissRe. Available from:http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/Social_Sector/our_practices/Economic_Development/Knowledge_Highlights/Economics_of_climate_adaptation.aspx

• Government of Jamaica (2011) Jamaica Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience (SPCR).Prepared for the Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR). Available from:http://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cifnet/sites/default/files/Jamaica%20PPCR%20Strategic%20Program%20-%20Endorsed.pdf

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References (2)

• IPCC (2007c) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of WorkingGroup II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Parry M.L., Canziani O.F., Palutikof J.P., van der Linden P.J. & Hanson C.E. (eds.)]. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, UK & New York, NY, USA. Available from: www.ipcc.ch

• MACC Project (2005) Climate Change Handbook for Caribbean Journalists. MainstreamingAdaptation to Climate Change (MACC) Project, Caribbean Community Climate Change CentreAdaptation to Climate Change (MACC) Project, Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre(CCCCC), Belmopan, Belize. Available from: http://www.caribbeanclimate.bz/macc/macc.html

• Pulwarty R. & Hutchinson N. (2008) Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment Methodology: Aguidance manual for the conduct and mainstreaming of climate change vulnerability and capacityassessments in the Caribbean Region. Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belmopan,Belize. Available from: http://www.caribbeanclimate.bz/macc/macc.html

• UNDP-UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change into Development Planning: AGuide for Practitioners. UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative. Available from:http://www.unpei.org/knowledge-resources/publications.html

• UNEP (2005) Communicating Sustainability: How to produce effective public campaigns. UnitedNations Environment Programme, Nairobi. Available from:http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx0679xPA-CommunicatingEN.pdf

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