JUVENILE CRIME AND VIOLENCE AS AN EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

CONDITIONS

VIOLENCE(WorldHealthOrganiza2on): Theinten,onaluseofphysicalforceorpower,threatenedoractual,againstoneself,anotherperson,oragainstagrouporcommunity,whicheitherresultsinorhasahighlikelihoodofresul2ngininjury,death,psychologicalharm,maldevelopment,ordepriva,on.

YOUTH(WorldHealthOrganiza2on): Between7/10and29yearsold.

JUVENILEVIOLENCE: actsofviolenceperpetrated/sufferedbyyoungpeople

Isviolenceanatural(innate)act?

Whyisjuvenileviolenceconsideredaterribleproblem?

•  Inoursocie2es,weestablishmechanismstocoexistwithoutviolence.(Canyouiden2fysomeofthesemechanisms?)

•  Wetrytosolveproblemsandconflictswithnoconfronta2on.

•  Whenthismechanismsfailactsofviolencecanhappen.

•  Theeffectsofyouthviolencearedevasta,ngforperpetrators,vic2msandfamilies

youthviolence

•  Globalproblem:developedanddevelopingcountries.

•  Perpetrators/vic2ms:youngpeople

•  Differentforms(physical,verbal,psychological):homicides,aggressions,sexualassaults,bullying,…

•  Causes:socio-economicfactors

ü  economicinequality

ü  demographicandsocialchanges

ü  lowlevelofsocialprotec2on

ü  otherfactors

RISKFACTORS INDIVIDUAL

CLOSERELATIONSHIPS

COMMUNITY

INDIVIDUAL

FAMILYANDCLOSERELATIONSHIPS

COMMUNITY

Wecaniden2fymanyriskfactorsthatinfluenceyouthviolence.Classifythefollowingonesinoneofthethreespheres:

1.  Lackofself-controlorconsciousness 2.  Personalunrest:depression,anxiety,sadness

3.  Mentalillness

4.  Domes2cviolence 5.  Loweduca2onallevel 6.  Parentalneglect

7.  Lackofaffec2onandisola2on

8.  Socialclass(economic) 9.  Discrimina2on(racial,religious,sexual) 10. Badhabits

11. Socialpressure

12. others:?????

risks:individualfactors

•  Drugabuse,alcohol,tobacco

•  Lowlevelofeduca2on

•  Unemployment

•  Domes2cviolence

•  Delinquency

•  Personalunrest •  Lackofself-control

risks:closerela,onships(family,friends,…)

•  Excessivedisciplineorparentalabuse

•  Parentalneglect

•  Otherfamilyexperiences:divorce,deathofaparent,…

•  Parentalunemployment •  Lowfamilyincome(limitedopportuni2es) •  Friendsconectedwithdelinquencyorgangs

risks:community

•  Easyaccesstodrugsandalcohol •  Easyaccesstoguns

•  Gangs

•  Drugdealing •  Poverty(economicinequality) •  Governmentpolicies:educa2on,social

protec2on(socialins2tu2ons…),laws,…

WHATCOUNTRIESCANDO…

1.  DETECT/EVALUATETHEPROBLEMANDITSCAUSES

2.  ACT:PREVENTION/SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION INTERNATIONALINSTITUTIONS:WHO,UNICEF,…

PREVENTION

•  Restrictedaccesstoalcoholanddrugs

•  Restrictedaccesstoguns

•  Reduc2onofpoverty:measurestosolvethefinancialcrisis.

•  Reduc2onofinequality:integra2onandagen2ontodisadvantagedsectors.

•  Preven2onprogramstoensurechilddevelopmentandeduca2on.

PREVENTION:SPECIFICPROGRAMS

•  Lifeskillsandsocialdevelopmentprograms:tohelpchildrenandadolescentsmanageanger,resolveconflictanddevelopsocialskillstosolveproblems.

•  Schoolprograms:an2-bullying;toimproveschoolenvironment,…

•  Posi,veparen,ngskillsprograms

•  Programswiththerapeu,capproachesforyoungpeopleathighrisk

SPAIN-somedata

BULLYING: •  15%ofstudentsinPrimaryandSecondary

school: ü 9%vic2ms

ü 7%perpetrators

ü 1’6%both,vic2msandperpetrators

•  Mainlybetween7and14yearsoldhttp://www.mecd.gob.es/educacion-mecd/mc/convivencia-escolar/experiencias-de-exito/otras-entidades/acoso-escolar.html

What risk factors are present in your countries? Is it considered…

ü  Individual

ü  Close Relationship

ü  Community

•  What can your country do to prevent and combat youth violence?

•  Think of specific programs, like the ones that we just talked about, that can be implemented in your countries.

•  What other countries do you think your country can work with to address this issue? Why?

h^p://www.who.int/violence_injury_preven,on/violence/youth/en/

http://www.mecd.gob.es/educacion-mecd/mc/convivencia-escolar/experiencias-de-exito/otras-entidades/acoso-escolar.html