Global Burden of Tobacco• Tobacco killed 100 million people

worldwide in the 20th Century– Leading preventable cause of death - kills

up to half of people who use it

• Unless urgent action is taken– By 2030 tobacco will kill >8 million people

each year - 80% in developing countries– Tobacco could kill 1 billion people during

the 21st Century - unless we act now

Smoking and Second-Hand Smoke Damage Every Part of the Body

Smoking

Second-Hand Smoke

Nearly 2/3 of the World’s Smokers Live in Just 10 Countries

More than 40% live in just 2 countries

MPOWERSix Proven Polices to Reverse the Global Tobacco Epidemic

• Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies

• Protect people from tobacco smoke

• Offer help to quit tobacco use

• Warn about the dangers of tobacco

• Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship

• Raise taxes on tobacco

Monitor Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies

• Accurate monitoring is essential– Tobacco use prevalence– Impact of policy interventions– Tobacco industry

marketing, promotion and lobbying

Protect People from Tobacco Smoke

Bar and restaurant receipts increased in California after going smoke-free

• No safe level of second-hand smoke– Smoke-free environments protect health of

non-smokers and help smokers quit

• Only completely smoke-free indoor areas with no exceptions work

• Smoke-free laws popular and do not harm business

• Worker safety measure

Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use

• Nicotine is addictive

• Health care system has primary responsibility to treat tobacco dependence– Quit lines also

effective

Nicotine replacement therapy can double quit rates

Warn About the Dangers of Tobacco

• Most people are unaware of full range of health risks of tobacco use, SHS exposure

• Anti-tobacco ads help change image of smoking

2/3 want to quit

3/4 approve of warnings

More than half changed opinions

Pack warnings are effective, especially if they have pictures covering half of pack

Impact of pack warnings in Brazil

Enforce Bans on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and

Sponsorship• Tens of billions of dollars

spent each year to promote tobacco– Advertising increases sales,

illness and death

• Bans are effective, but only if comprehensive– Advertising in all media must be banned– All marketing/promotion must be prohibited– Enforcement is essential

9 times faster reduction in consumption with ban than without after 10 yrs

Comprehensive advertising bans amplify effects of other interventions

Raise Taxes on Tobacco• Increasing tobacco taxes is best way to

reduce consumption– Especially among the young and the poor– Taxes must keep pace with inflation and with

increasing consumer spending power

• Tobacco taxes generally well accepted

• Higher taxes increase revenues, help pay for tobacco control and other health/social programs

Tax rates vs. consumption, South Africa

Higher tobacco taxes reduce consumption

First-Ever Comprehensive Country-by-Country Assessment

• Assesses implementation and enforcement of MPOWER

• Countries need to do much more– Some progress, but no country fully

implements even 5 of the 6 key interventions

• Tobacco control requires political commitment from all levels of government and engagement by civil society

No policy

Minimal

Moderate

Complete

No data

Most Countries Have Not Implemented Effective

Tobacco Control Policies

Only 5% of World Covered by Effective Tobacco Control Policies

5% or less benefit from effective interventions to reduce use

Individual Country Reports

Regional SummariesExample: South-East Asia

Global Tobacco Control is Underfunded

Globally, tobacco tax revenues are 500 times higher than spending on tobacco control

In low- and middle-income countries, tax revenues are 5,000 times higher