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Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
1
• Cooking is heating food to transform it in some way.
• Food is affected in different ways by different cooking techniques.
Section 15.1 How Cooking Alters Food
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
2
• Cooking involves heating the food in a number of different processes.
• The degree of change that occurs during cooking depends on:
• the length of cooking time. • the temperature.• the cooking technique used.
Cooking Techniques
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• The three types of cooking techniques are: • dry• moist• combination
Cooking Techniques
dry cooking techniqueCooking technique that uses oil, fat, the radiation of hot air, or metal to transfer heat.
moist cooking techniqueUses liquid instead of oil to create the heat energy that is needed to cook the food.
combination cookingUses both moist and dry cooking techniques.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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Changes in Cooked Food
• A food’s nutritive value, texture, color, aroma, flavor, and appearance change during cooking.
• The length of time and the technique determine how much nutrition a food will retain.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• During cooking, moisture is lost, food tissue breaks down, and proteins coagulate, all changing the texture.
Changes in Cooked Food
coagulateWhen proteins change from a liquid or semiliquid state to a drier, solid state.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Common pigments in food that can be affected by cooking include:• chlorophyll• flavonoids• carotenoids
Changes in Cooked Food
pigmentThe matter in cells and tissue that gives them their color.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Cooking techniques that use fat create caramelization.
• The correct cooking technique can enhance the flavor of food.
Changes in Cooked Food
caramelizationThe process of cooking sugar to high temperatures to create aroma and flavor.
enhanceIncrease the quality of.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Dry cooking causes moisture in food to evaporate into the air.
• Dry cooking techniques include baking, roasting, sautéing, stir-frying, pan-frying, deep-frying, grilling, and broiling.
Section 15.2 Dry Cooking Techniques
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Dry cooking techniques include:• baking • smoking
Dry Cooking Techniques
bakeCook with dry heat in a closed environment, usually an oven. No fat or liquid is used.
smokingA form of cooking using low heat, long cooking times, and wood smoke for flavor.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Dry cooking techniques include:• roasting • sautéing
Dry Cooking Techniques
roastingCooking method that uses dry heat in a closed environment. Foods are placed on top of a rack that is inside a pan. This allows air to circulate all the way around the food.
sautéingA quick, dry cooking technique that uses a small amount of fat or oil in a shallow pan.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Dry cooking techniques include:• stir-frying • frying
Dry Cooking Techniques
stir-fryingA dry cooking technique similar to sautéing done with a wok.
fryingCooking foods in hot fat or oil.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Dry cooking techniques include:• grilling• broiling
Dry Cooking Techniques
grillingA cooking method that places food on a heated grill.
broilingTo cook food directly under a primary heat source.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Moisture from the food evaporates into the air during dry cooking.
• A large food product will exhibit carryover cooking when baked in an oven.
Dry Cooking Techniques
carryover cookingThe cooking that takes place after you remove something from a heat source.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Smoking can be done to meats, nuts, vegetables, and cheeses.
• During sautéing, you will want to seal the surface of the food.
Dry Cooking Techniques
What types of smoked foods have you eaten?
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Foods are usually coated before frying by:• dredging • breading • using batter
Dry Cooking Techniques
dredgingCoat foods with flour; coating poultry parts with seasoned flour.
breadingA coating made of eggs and crumbs.
batterA semi-liquid mixture that contains ingredients such as flour, milk, eggs, and seasonings.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Drain food well after frying on an absorbent surface.
• There are two options for frying: pan-frying and deep-frying.
Dry Cooking Techniques
pan-fryTo cook by heating a moderate amount of fat in a pan before adding food.
deep-fryingTo cook foods by completely submerging them in heated fator oil.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Grilling is often used for tender foods that cook relatively quickly.
• Grilling can be done on a griddle.• Broiling is often used for vegetables, meats,
and poultry.
Dry Cooking Techniques
griddleA flat, solid plate of metal with a gas or electric heat source.
broilingTo cook food directly under a primary heat source.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Video to show Dry Cooking Methods• http://
on.aol.com/video/dry-heat-cooking-tips-from-david-burke-517757429
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BLXYuc4YB0– Chef Ramsey, Stuff Roasted Chicken
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Moist cooking involves heating food in a liquid.
• Sometimes moist cooking techniques are applied to food that has been partially cooked with a dry cooking technique.
Section 15.3 Moist Cooking Techniques
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Moist cooking involves heating food in a liquid other than fat.
Cooking in Liquid
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Moist cooking techniques include:• boiling• blanching
Cooking in Liquid
boilingA moist cooking technique in which you bring a liquid, such as water or stock, to the boiling point and keep it at that temperature while food cooks.
blanchingUsing the boiling method to partially cook food.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Moist cooking techniques include:• parboiling• simmering
Cooking in Liquid
parboilingFoods are put into boiling water and partially cooked. The cooking time for parboiling foods is longer than for blanching.
simmeringFood cooks slowly and steadily in a slightly cooler than boiling liquid.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Moist cooking techniques include:• poaching • steaming
Cooking in Liquid
poachTo cook food in a flavorful liquid between 150°F (66°C) and 185°F (85°C).
steamingCooking vegetables or other foods in a closed environment filled with steam.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• When liquid boils, convection occurs.• Blanching is used to:
• simplify peeling. • precook foods before
freezing or service• soften herbs. • lock in color and nutrients. • remove excess salt, blood,
and strong flavors.
Cooking in Liquid
convectionA process in which the liquid closest to the bottom of the pan is heated and rises to the top.
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Simmering offers less shrinkage of the food and more control over evaporation.
• Poaching is a gentler way to cook foods in liquid, used for delicate foods such as fish and eggs.
• Steamers cook foods without dissolving the nutrients in the food.
Cooking in Liquid
What types of foods have you eaten that were prepared by steaming?
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Combination cooking combines dry and moist heat methods.
Combination Cooking
Glencoe Culinary Essentials Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
Chapter 15 Cooking Techniques
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• Two major combination techniques are:• braising• stewing
Combination Cooking
braisingA long, slow cooking process; meat is first seared and the pan deglazed before the moist cooking technique is used.
stewingA combination cooking technique. Stewed foods are cut into small pieces, and completely covered with liquid during cooking. Cooking time for stewing is generally shorter than for braising.