Glebe Cottage

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A.P.A.C. Ltd.

Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

EV/GLA/11


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A.P.A.C. Ltd Glebe Cottage, Llantillio Pertholley EV/GLA/12

Summary

This report records a program of evaluation work carried out at a site identified as

having potential archaeological resources that may be impacted by any development.

The proposed development of concern is the construction of a new building on a site

adjacent to a church of documented antiquity.

A planning application was submitted to Monmouthshire County Council (MCC) and

as part of the planning process, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT)

advised the planning department that the proposed work at the site could likely impact

on archaeological resources.

MCC in accordance with the guidance from GGAT imposed a condition requiring a

program of archaeological work.

The evaluation consisted of two evaluation trenches; one excavated adjacent to the

church wall and a second at 90 from the mid point of the first.

The evaluation revealed no significant archaeological resources but did uncover

previous drainage and service works.


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C O N T E N T S

Page

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 42. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE EVALUATION AREAS........................... 43. BRIEF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND........................... 44. RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT............................................................................... 55. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................... 56. SCOPE OF THE WORK............................................................................................. 57. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 68. SURVEY..................................................................................................................... 69. DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH .................................................................................. 610

RESULTS 7


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FIGURES

01 Location plan

02 Site & trench plan

03 Map progressions

Plates


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1. INTRODUCTION

Dr N Phillips of A.P.A.C. Ltd was contacted on the 5th of April 2012 by Rob Huntly, of technicalsolutions Ltd, in response to a proposed programme of works, to construct a Building Granny Annexwithin the curtilage of the existing property; Glebe Cottage, Llantillio Pertholey. NP7 6NU. NGR 331091216510, figs 01 & 02.

The proposed construction work involving excavation of trenches for footings and services wasrecognised as having a potential to impact on any archaeological resources present.

The client, Ms E Lewis, having submitted a planning application to Monmouthshire County Council;(pl.app.no DC/2007/00778), was granted Approval of Planning Permission, with conditions; one ofwhich, (condition 2) required that:

No development shall take place until the applicant or his agent or successor intitle has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological work inaccordance with a written scheme of investigation which has been submitted toand approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority.

DC/2007/00778. 01/04/2009

A Written Scheme of Investigation WSI/EV/GLA/12 was compiled, based on information provided by theclients agent (Mr R. Huntly) and discussion with Mr N. Maylan, GGAT.

WSI/EV/GLA/12 suggested an archaeological evaluation of the site as a preliminary to any further work.A Project design brief for an archaeological evaluation, PD/EV/GLA/12 was compiled and approved.

The evaluation took place on 28th

of May 2012


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Within the garden of Glebe cottage, a thin, Neolithic axe blade was recovered during excavation of a

pipe trench, (Burns E-K, 40 1995). The location is not stated with any precision.

A general graphic history of the site over the last 165 years can be seen in the map progressionsshown in fig 03. The large base map is the relevant portion of the 1847 tithe map of Llantilio Pertholey(GRO D.2205). It clearly shows the position of the church, the adjoining churchyard wall and the twoadjacent properties now known as Glebe Cottage. Interestingly, there is a building along the church wallroughly where the proposed development is sited. There used to be a stable block in the vicinity (perscomMr Lewis).

There would seem to have been little change between 1847 and the post 1853 plan with the exceptionof the Hereford/Newport railway line to the right. The map was supplied by Mr Lewis and its a poorcopy with no provenance.

The 1881 Ordnance survey map, however, does record change in that the two cottages have nowbecome one building, the stable block has gone and trees have been planted. On the last mapconsulted, changes recorded are in the appearance of a boundary wall enclosing Glebe Cottage; thenknown as Parsonage Farm.

4. RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT

The proposed development is for the construction of 1 detached building; close and parallel to thenorthern edge of the garden/graveyard wall.

There is a distinct possibility that the work may impact upon archaeological resources within thedevelopment area.

5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES


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7. METHODOLOGY

The trenching strategy was drawn up in PD/EV/GLA/12 and adhered to throughout the fieldwork

Two trenches T1, 19m x 1m and T2, 10 x 1m, were excavated within the designated parcel of land; fig02.

Both trenches were excavated mechanically with a tracked digger fitted with a 600mm toothless bucket.Mechanical excavation took place to the limit of the required depth of the building work, 0.75m. It was

understood that mechanical excavation would have stopped at any archaeological horizon, allowing forthe character, distribution, extent and importance of at least the minimum number of archaeologicalfeatures to be understood.

A topographical survey was undertaken of the trenches to locate them within the boundary of theproperty thereby allowing for any future work to be accurately placed.

Sufficient documentary research was undertaken to place the results of the evaluation in their historiccontext.

Assessment and analysis of all data collected or compiled was undertaken and the results thereofcompiled into report form.

A complete archive of the work undertaken will be deposited with Abergavenny Museum, with theoriginal documentary archive kept with A.P.A.C. and copies sent to GGAT and Gwent Record Office.

8. SURVEY


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10. RESULTS

Trench 1

Excavation of T1 began at the western end where the machines bucket exposed 100/150mm deposit

dark brown sandy silt, [101] under the lawn [100], Plate 02. [101] lay over [102] a light brown silty clay

deposit of about 300mm depth, which itself overlay a deposit of brown/orange sandy silt, [103] at the

depth of 0.75m. A test pit was cut through [103] using the mechanical digger to a depth of 1m; at which

point a natural deposit of river silt with rounded boulders was reached [104].

The simple stratigraphy above gives the background of T1 at the extreme western end. Unfortunately,

800m from the western end the trench encountered the first service trench denoted by the angular

chippings [108] and the 120mm plastic foul pipe [109], Plate 03, (orange pipe, left of plate above the

concrete flagstone). Pipe [109] ran some 3m along the south of the trench before crossing it; over a

distance of 4.5m, to the northern edge, Plate 04. It then extended another 5.5m to the up-bend which

would have connected to the caravan recently removed.

Along the last 5.5m length of [109], it shares the trench with a BT cable [112] Plate 5, and a blackplastic water pipe [115], not shown, but bearing the BS code 1972. It was not possible to distinguish

either cut or fill for the service trenches and the centre section were [109] crossed was actually left in

place. The section that was left can be seen in Plate 06; the orange pipe [109] crosses the trench

around about level with the digger.

The mechanical digger then tracked east to excavate the next clear section and removed the unwanted

BT [112] and water pipe [115] under which lay an old 19th c clay land drain [121] and a white electric

cable [118] The land drain [121] can be seen in the end section of Plate 07 as a black circle at the


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However, this result should be treated with caution for the majority of the trench was unfortunatelydirectly along a series of service trenches which extended to the limit of the excavation.

The only archaeological resource that may be present could result from the building that was removed

after 1853, see fig 03; the presumed stable block.

13. PREDICTED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSAL ON KNOWN ARCHAEOLOGY

The results of the evaluation have not shown any archaeological resources present in the evaluation

area but the evaluation area was not a representative location.

14. PROPOSED AVOIDANCE OR MITIGATION MEASURES

It would be a prudent measure to conduct a watching brief on any further excavation at the site because

the location of the majority of the evaluation trench was not representative of the site as a whole.

15. ARCHIVE

The original archive will remain with A.P.A.C. Ltd.

A copy of the archive will be deposited with Abergavenny Museum Service The project has beendesignated a project code EV/GLA/12: all significant documents and packaging carry this codenumber.

Th j hi ill i f ll i i l d f f / l d ll d i


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The Health and Safety Work Act(1974) and related legislation.

The Standing Conference of Archaeology Unit Managers Health and Safety

Manual2002).

The Council for British Archaeology Handbook no. 6, Safety in Archaeological

Fieldwork (1989).

All necessary protective clothing and equipment was used.


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18. BIBLIOGRAPHY

NA post 1853 Survey map of Llantilio Petholey, (Mr Lewis Glebe Cottage).

A.P.A.C. Ltd. 2012. Project Design for an Archaeological Evaluation: I Old Dixton Rd,

Monmouth.

Burns, E-K., 1995. The Prehistory cCollection at Abergavenny Museum: A Catalogue. Gwent

Local History. 79. 1995.

Maylan, N. 2007 MON1534/CNM Proposed Dwelling: Glebe Cottage, Llantilio Pertholey. Pl.App.No.:DC/2007/00778.

English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (1991).

GGAT HER Llantillio Pertholley, 08310g, 01471g, 01481g, 08213g www.archwilio.gov.uk

Gwent Record Office Tithe Map 1847, Llantilio Pertholey, D.2205

Institute of Field

Archaeologists. Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief. 2001.

Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the regulation of

Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology. 2002.

Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and

research of archaeological materials. 2001.


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A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix 1 Context Sheet Index

Site: Glebe Cottage

Llantillio Petholey

Grid Ref:NGR 331091 216510

Site No:

EV/GLA/12

Alternate No:

CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS100 TR1 lawn 10 mm on dark brown sandy silt 3053, 3054, 3055,

3056, 3062,

101 TR1 Sub soil Dark brown sandy silt 10mm to 20mmdepth

1 3054, 3055, 3056,

3057, 3060, 3061,

3062, 3064

102 TR1 Silty clay Light brown 30mm to 60mm depth 3054, 3055, 3057,3060, 3061, 3062,

3064

103 TR1 Sandy silt Brown/orange 60mm to 1 mm 3054, 3055, 3057,3060, 3061, 3062,

104 TR1 boulders Sandy silt large boulders at 1m E 800m S 3060, 3061,105 TR1 concrete Concrete base 3056, 3057, 3058,

3063

106 TR1 Rubble Small stone rubble under base Dark grey 3057, 3058, 3063,3064

107 TR1 Cut Not visible108 TR1 Fill Angular chippings 3055, 3062,

109 TR1 Pipe 120mm plastic foul 3055, 3056, 3064110 TR1 Cut ? Not visible111 TR1 Fill ? 3056112 TR1 Pipe Grey plastic. BT 3056113 TR1 Cut ? Not visible114 TR1 Fill ?115 TR1 Pipe Water Black BS1972 3062116 TR1 Cut Not visible117 TR1 Fill118 TR1 C bl Whit l t i


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A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix 2 Finds Sheet Index

Site: Glebe Cottage

Llantillio Petholey

Grid Ref:NGR 331091 216510

Site No:

EV/GLA/12

Alternate No:

FINDS AREA CONTEXT DESCRIPTION Period1 TR1 101 1 sherd grey stoneware preserve jar 1 19th/20th c


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Glebe Cottage, llantillio Pertholey

EV/GLA/12

Appendix 3

Digital Photographic Record

Photo No Date Camera Size Area View Description

DSC03053 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 Site W General view before excavation

DSC03054 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T1 S South end of T1 on to natural at300mm

DSC03055 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T1 S Depth of modern plastic foul pipe 250mm

DSC03056 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T1 W Mid section and BT cable

DSC03057 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T2/T1 S T1/T2 interface. Stratigraphy concrete, rubble, natural

DSC03058 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T2 N View along T2 Rubble plaster fill to a depth of 90mm and water table.

DSC03059 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T2 W Section at n west wall of south end of T2DSC03060 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T1 S 1m depth section, east end of T1

DSC03061 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T1 E view along east end of T1 Drainage pipe mid back section

DSC03062 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T1 W T1 complete

DSC03063 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T2 N T2 complete

DSC03064 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T2/T1 N View along T2 to N wall of T1 showing foil pipe

DSC03065 28/05/2012 DSC-F828 3264x2448 T2 W View of waterlogging in Tr2 after 30 minutes


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Fig 01:LocationA.P.A.C. Ltd /EV/AGLA/12

Glebe Cottage, Llantillio Pertholley, Abergavenny

Llantillio

Pertholley


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Fig 02. Location of proposed evaluation trenches

The site backs and runs parallel to the church boundary wall, therefore, the back wallof the proposed house was an obvious spot to evaluate: T1 Length 19m width 1 m xdepth 1m

Running a 90 degree trench from Ti would give an idea of the spread of archaeologicalresources over the site: T2 length 10m x 1m x 1m

Evaluation

trenches

0 10 20 30

metres

Proposed dwelling Inset not to scale

A.P.A.C. Ltd /EV/GLA/12

Glebe Cottage, Llantillio Pertholey, Abergavenny

Adapted from

technical solutions ltdA(0)001 2011 &

LP/01 2008


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Post1853

O

S1881

OS

1965

A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/GLA/12

Glebe Cottage, Llantillio Pertholey, Abergavenny

Figure 03: Map progressions

1847

D.2205


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DSC03054

DSC03053

DSC03064

DSC03055

Plate 04: View along T2 to N wall o f T1

showing foil pipe

Plate 03: Depth of modern plastic foul pipe 250mm

Plate 02: South end of T1 on to natural at 300mmPlate 01: General view before excavation

Glebe Cottage, Llantilio Pertholey


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DSC03062

DSC03056

DSC03060

DSC03061

Plate 08: 1m depth section, east end of T1Plate 07: view along east end of T1 Drainage pipe mid back section

Plate 06: T1 completePlate 05: Mid section and BT cable



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DSC03059

DSC03057

DSC03065

Plate 11: View of waterlogging in Tr2 after 30 minuitrs

Plate 10: Section at n west wall of south end of T2Plate 09: Mid section and BT cable


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