Glaciers and Glacial Mechanics. I.Glacier Origins and Types.
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Transcript of Glaciers and Glacial Mechanics. I.Glacier Origins and Types.
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Glaciers and Glacial Mechanics
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I. Glacier Origins and Types
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I. Glacier Origins and TypesA. Glacier (def): a body of moving ice that has been formed on
land by compaction and recrystallization of snow.
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I. Glacier Origins and TypesA. Glacier (def): a body of moving ice that has been formed on
land by compaction and recrystallization of snow.
B. Critical Requirements
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B. Critical Requirements1. Must be formed from the accumulation and ‘metamorphism’
of snow.
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B. Critical Requirements1. Must be formed from the accumulation and ‘metamorphism’
of snow.2. Ice must be moving under its own weight.
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B. Critical Requirements1. Must be formed from the accumulation and ‘metamorphism’
of snow.2. Ice must be moving under its own weight.3. Must originate on land
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B. Critical Requirements1. Must be formed from the accumulation and ‘metamorphism’
of snow.2. Ice must be moving under its own weight.3. Must originate on land4. Persist from year-to-year
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I. Glacier Origins and TypesC. The recrystallization of snow
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II. The Movement of Glaciers
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II. The Movement of GlaciersA. Basal Sliding
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II. The Movement of GlaciersA. Basal SlidingB. Plastic Flow
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II. The Movement of GlaciersA. Basal SlidingB. Plastic FlowC. Internal Shearing
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II. The Movement of GlaciersD. Crevassing (Zone of Fracture)
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Crevasses
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Crevasses
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III. The Glacial Budget• Zone of Accumulation• Zone of Ablation• Equilibrium Line
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“fastest velocity atequilibrium line”
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IV. Classification of Glaciers
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IV. Classification of GlaciersA. Descriptive-basedB. Process-based
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IV. Classification of GlaciersA. Descriptive-based
* Cirque Glaciers* Valley Glaciers* Ice Sheets
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IV. Classification of GlaciersA. Descriptive-basedB. Process-based
1. Dynamic classification scheme* Active* Passive* Dead
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IV. Classification of GlaciersA. Descriptive-basedB. Process-based
1. Dynamic classification scheme* Active* Passive* Dead
2. Thermal classification scheme* Temperate Glaciers
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IV. Classification of GlaciersA. Descriptive-basedB. Process-based
1. Dynamic classification scheme* Active* Passive* Dead
2. Thermal classification scheme* Temperate Glaciers* Polar Glaciers
--sub polar--high polar
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V. Erosional Glacial Landforms
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CirquesTarn LakesPater Noster Lakes
HornsAretes
U shaped ValleysHanging ValleysFjords
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Cirques
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Arete
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U-shaped valley
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Horn
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Fjords
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Moraines Lateral Medial
VI. Depositional Landforms
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Glacial Till
VI. Depositional Landforms
Stratified drift
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Lateral and Medial Moraines
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Moraines……End, Terminal, Ground
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End Moraine
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Terminal moraine
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Eskers, Drumlins, Kames, Kettles, Outwash Plains, Erratics
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Drumlin
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Esker
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Outwash plain
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The Pleistocene Epoch
Milankovitch Cycles
EccentricityTiltingWobble
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The Pleistocene Ice Ages:Glacial Periods
WisconsinanIllinoianKansanNebraskan
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Global sea level drop
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Pluvial Lakes
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J. Harlen Bretz1923-1932
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