gj;jhk; tFg;G - Study Materials | A ... · PDF filecd;dhy;; KbAk; gj;jhk; tFg;G nghJj; Nju;T...
Transcript of gj;jhk; tFg;G - Study Materials | A ... · PDF filecd;dhy;; KbAk; gj;jhk; tFg;G nghJj; Nju;T...
cd;dhy;; KbAk;
gj;jhk; tFg;G
nghJj; Nju;T rpwg;G topfhl;b
jkpo; ,uz;lhk;; jhs ;
njhFg;G
Nt.eQ;rFkhu;
gl;ljhup jkpohrpupau;>
muR kfspu; Nky; epiyg; gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. tisay; ,r;nrhy;ypy; Ifhuk; ___ khj;jpiu Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ. tpil: xU
2. <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j nrhy; __________ MFk;
m) jpz;;iz M) tisay; ,) Ie;J tpil: jpz;iz
3. gy;+jPJ vd;gJ ___ vdg; GzUk; tpil: g/wPJ
m) gy;jPJ M) g/wPJ ,) gyjPJ
4. FWf;fq;fs; Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> xsfhuFWf;fk;> ___ Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd ehy;
tifg;gLk; tpil: kfuf;FWf;fk;
5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs;. ,j;njhliur; nrag;ghl;L tpidahf khw;Wk;
NghJ> nghk;ik__________ nra;ag;_________ vd tUk; (G+q;Foypahy;> gl;lJ)
6. mofd; ghlk; vOJfpwhd;>,j; njhlhpy; Xh; vOtha; _____________nfhz;L Kbe;jhy;
______________njhlh; MFk; (XU gadpiyia> jdpepiy)
7. md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd; ,j;njhlh; gpwtpidahf khWk; NghJ> md;gurd;
jpUf;Fwis__vdtUk; (fw;gpj;jhd;)
8. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; jUtJ _____ tpil: jdpnkhop
9. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; ____ tpil: tpidr;nrhy;
10. tpidKw;W ____> _____ vd ,Utifg;gLk;
tpil: njhpepiy tpidKw;W>Fwpg;G tpidKw;W
11. Xh; vr;rtpid ___nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk; tpil: ngaiuf;
12. ,stofd; te;jhd; ,J ____ njhlh; tpil: ntspg;gil
m) Fwpg;G M) ntspg;gil ,) vJTkpy;iy
13. khL‟ vd;Dk; nrhy; _____MFk;. tpil: m/wpizg; nghJ
m) cah;jpizg; nghJ M) m/wpizg; nghJ ,) tpuTg;ngah;
14. khL fd;iw <d;wJ ,j;njhlhpy; khL vd;gJ _____ Fwpf;Fk; tpil: gR
m) gR M) fhis ,) fd;W
15. xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; nrhw;fisNa _vd;gh; tpil: xU nghUl; gd;nkhop
16 xU nghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr; rhd;W ______ tpil: cah;e;Njhq;fp
17. tpdh ______ tifg;gLk;. tpil: MW
18. tpil ______ tifg;gLk;. tpil: vl;L
19. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;;F „ePNa nra;‟ vdf;$WtJ__ tpil tpil: Vty;
20. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;;F „iftypf;Fk;‟ vdf;$WtJ__tpil tpil: cWtJ $wy;
21. Mlj;njhpAkh? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj;njhpAk; vdf;$WtJ ___ tpil: ,dnkhop
chpa tpil Njh;e;njLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf. tpdh vz; 1 Kjy; 10 tiu
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
22. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ ___ tpdh tpil: nfhsy;
23. khd; ____ kUSk; ghh;it (chpa ctk cUig vOJf) tpil: Nghy
24. kyud;d Nrtb- ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;Js;s ctk cUG _____ tpil: md;d
25. njhif ctikfis tphpAtikahf khw;Wf
m.kjpKfk; M.gtstha; tpil: kjpNghd;w Kfk;>gtsk; Nghd;wtha;
26. tphpAtikfisj; njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf
m) fay;Nghd;w tpop> M) fpsp Nghd;w nkhop tpil: fay;tpop> fpspnkhop
27. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk;NghJ ____
m. epiynkhop <W ePq;Fk; M. epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk; ,. tUnkhop Kjy;nfLk;. tpil: epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk; 28. Nkw;F + ehL vd;gJ __vdr;NrUk;
m) Nkw;FehL M) NkehL ,) NkdhL tpil: NkdhL 29. fUik+Fop vd;gJ ____vDk; tpjpfspd;gb GzUk;. tpil: <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;
m) MjpePly;>,dkpfy; M) jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;> ,ilAfuk; ,Mjy;> ,) <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy; 30. kuNtu; __________ Gzu;r;rpahFk;. tpil: kfu <w;Wg; 31. mfk;>Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ______ ,yf;fzk; MFk; tpil: nghUs; ,yf;fzk; 32. FwpQ;rp>Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; ____vdg;gLk; tpil: md;gpd; Ie;jpiz 33. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp __ gFjpahFk; tpil: flYk; fly; rhh;e;j 34. ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10.00 kzp Kjy; ___tiu MFk; tpil: ,uT 2.00 kzp 35. kUjk;>nea;jy;>Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; ___ ngUk;nghOJfSk; tUk; tpil: MW 36. jpUkhy;__ epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; tpil: Ky;iy 37. kzKoh>ney;yhpfpiz Mfpa ,uz;Lk;_____ jpizf;Fhpa giwfs; tpil: kUj 38. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa njhopy; ___MFk; tpil: kPd;gpbj;jy;>cg;G tpisj;jy; 39. nghUs; ,yf;fzk; ___ tifg;gLk; tpil: ,uz;L
40. mfj;jpizfs; ____tifg;gLk; tpil: VO 41. khh;fop>ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ____ fhyj;jpw;Fhpad tpil: Kd;gdp 42. kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; ____ tpil: ,e;jpud; 43. ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs; ____ tpil: Gwh>gUe;J 44. Gwj;jpizfs;_____ tifg;gLk; tpil: gd;dpuz;L 45. epiu fth;jy; vd;gJ_____ tpil: ntl;rp 46. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ_______ tpil: tQ;rpj;jpiz 47. ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ _____$WtJ tpil: Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs; 48. xU jiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ ____ tpil: iff;fpis 49. jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w> khw;wurNdhL vjph;j;Jg; NghupLtJ___ MFk; tpil: fhQ;rp
50. cyF‟ vd;Dk; nrhy; ntz;ghtpy; <w;wbapd; <w;Wr; rPuhapd; mjd; tha;g;ghL _________MFk; tpil: gpwg;G
51. ey;yit‟ - ,r;nrhy;iy myfpl;lhy; ___vdg; gphpAk; tpil: Neh;epiu 52. Nehpir Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;wayb ___tUk; tpil: Kr;rPuha; 53. Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;Wr;rPh; ____KbtJ rpwg;G tpil: Vfhuj;jpy; 54. Nehpir ntz;gh ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W ____tpfw;gj;jhDk;__
tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUk; tpil: xU> ,U 55. ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;Wg; gy tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ ____ MFk;
tpil: ,d;dpir ntz;gh 51. ntz;ghtpd; Xir ____ MFk; tpil: nrg;gNyhir 52. Mrphpag; ghtpd; NtW ngah; ___ MFk; tpil: mftw;gh 53. Mrphpag; ghtpd; Xir ______ MFk; tpil: mftNyhir
,yf;fz Fwpg;G nrhw;fSf;fhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;:
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. Ifhuf;FWf;fq;fs;: Kjypy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. Ik;gJ> 2. Ig;grp> 3. Ie;J ,ilapy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. jiytp > 2. tisay;> 3. jiytd; ; <w;wpy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1 fliy 2. jpz;iz 3. rig
2. xsfhuf; FWf;fq;fs;: 1. xsit 2. ntsthy; 3. nksdk; 4. nfsjhhp 5. xsljk; 6. nksty; 3. Ma;jf; FWf;fk;: 1. f/wPJ 2. K/BJ
4. kfuf; FWf;fk;: 1. Nghd;k; 2. kUz;k; 3. tUk; tz;b 4. jUk; tstd;
5. %tif nkhopfs;: 1. jdpnkhop: 1. th 2. fz; 3. nra;jhd; 2. njhlh;nkhop: 1. glk; ghh;j;jhd; 2. G+tpop te;jhs; 3. gRTk; fd;Wk; Nka;e;jd 3. nghJ nkhop 1. gyif 2. itif 3. jhkiu 4. Ntq;if 5. me;jkhd; 6. vl;L
6.; XnuOj;njhUnkhop: 1. G+ 2. if 3. jh 4. th 5. jP 6.Nfh 7. I
7. njhpepiy tpidKw;W 1. ,uhkd; te;jhd; 2. fz;zd; ele;jhd; 3. mUsuR te;jhd; 3. tstd; ele;jhd; 5. cOjhd;
8. Fwpg;G tpidKw;W: 1. nghd;dd; 2. tpOg;Guj;jhd; 3. rpj;jpiuahd; 4. fz;zd; 5. ey;yd; 6. cotd;.
9. njhpepiyg; nganur;rk;: 1. gbj;j fay;tpop 2. nrd;w Nfhij 3. gbf;fpd;w fay;tpop 4. nry;fpd;w Nfhij 5. gbf;Fk; fay;tpop 6. nry;;Yk; Nfhij . 7. te;j igad; 8. cz;l ,sq;Nfhtd;
10. Fwpg;Gg; nganur;rk; 1. ey;y igad; 2. ey;y khztd;
11. vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;: 1. cz;zhj ,sq;Nfhtd; 2. jPa khztd;
12. njhpepiy tpidnar;rk;: 1. gbj;J te;jhd; 2. ghlf; Nfl;lhd; 3. Xbr;nrd;whd; 5. Ngha;g; ghh;j;jhd;
5. gbj;Jj; Njwpdhd; 6. gbf;fr; nry;fpwhd; 7. gbj;J tUthd;
13. Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;: 1. nky;yg; Ngrpdhd; 2. Nehapd;wp tho;e;jhd;
14. Kw;nwr;rk;: 1. fay;tpop te;jds; ghbds; 2. KUfd; gbj;jdd; Njwpdd; 3. ee;jpdp te;eds; Nghapds;
15. ntspg;gil Fwpg;G 1. fy;> kz; 1. jkpo;ehL Kjyplk; 2. jkpo;ehL jiyrpwe;jJ 2. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh;
16. xd;nwhopg; nghJr;nrhy; 1. Ith; Nfhykpl;ldh; (ngz;fs;) 2. Ith; Nghh;f;fsk; nrd;wdh; (Mz;fs;)
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
3. ,k;khL taypy; cOfpwJ. (fhis) 4. ,k;khL ghy; fwf;Fk; (gR) 5. khL fd;iw <d;wJ (gR) 6. Ith; Fq;Fkk; ,oe;jdh; (ngz;fs;)
17. ,dq;Fwpj;jy;:
1. ntw;wpiy jpd;whd; 2. NrhW cz;lhd;
18. mLf;Fj; njhlh; 1. md;Nwh md;Nwh 2. Ngh Ngh 3. vwp vwp 4. tUf tUf 5. jP jP jP 6. nehe;Njd; nehe;Njd; 7. Nfhb Nfhb Nfhb 8. ghk;G ghk;G 9. th th th
19. ,ul;ilf; fpstp 1. glgl 2. fyfy 3. ryry 4. klkl 5. flfl
20. xUnghUl;gd;nkhop: 1. cah;e;Njhq;fp 2. kPkpir 3. Fope;jho;e;J 4. xUjdp 5. eLikak; 6. thbtjq;fpa
21. tphpAtik njhifAtik 1. Njd;Nghd;w nkhop Njd;nkhop 2. gtsk; Nghd;w tha; gtstha;
22. Gzh;r;rp 1. ,ay;G Gzh;r;rp - nghd; + tisay; = nghd;tisay; 2. tpfhug; Gzh;r;rp - thio + gok; = thiog;gok; (Njhd;wy;) kuk; + Nth; = kuNth; (nfLjy;) nghd; + Flk; = nghw;Flk; (jphpjy;)
3. jpirg;ngah; Gzh;r;rp 1. tlfpof;;F 2. tlNkw;F 3. njd;Nkw;F 4. njd;fpof;F 5. fPo;ehL 6. NkdhL 7. njd;fpof;F 8. tlkiy
4. gz;Gg; ngah;Gzh;r;rp 1. fUtpop 2. nghpad; 3. ghrpiy 4. igq;$o; 5. rpw;Nwhil 6. Nrjhk;gy; 7. fUq;Fapy; 8. ntw;wpiy 9. nre;jkpo; 10. nrk;nkhop 11. %J}h; 12. fUk;gyif 5.kfu<w;Wg; Gzh;r;rp 1. kutb 2. tl;lf;fy; 3. epyq;fle;jhd; 4. kuNth;
23. ck;ikj;njhif: 1. ntw;wpiy ghf;F 2. ,uhg;gfy; 3. jha;je;ij
24. vz;Zk;ik: 1. NjUk; jpUtpohTk; 2. jhAk; NrAk; 3. fgpyUk; guzUk;
25. tpidj;njhif: 1. nra;njhopy; 2. #o;foy; 3. cFePh; 4. tphpfly; 5. nghq;Ffly; 6. Fsph;jkpo;
26. gFjpia vLj;njOJf. 1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th 4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb 6. Nfl;l - Nfs; 27. ,ilepiyfs;: 1. j;>l;>w;>,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;. 1. te;jhd; - j; 2. cz;lhd; - l; 3. epd;whd; - w; 4. ghbdhd; - ,d; 2. fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs; 1. tUfpwhd; - fpW 2. gbf;fpd;whd; - fpd;W 3. elthepd;whd; - Mepd;W 3. g;> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;:
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. cz;ghd; - g; 2. tUthd; - t; 4. M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy: 1. nra;ahjhd; 2. nra;ahd;
5. j; - vOj;Jg; NgW 1. $Wjp.
28. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp: (f> , > ,a> ,ah;) 1. tho;f 2. thop 3. thopa 4. thopah;
29. chpr;nrhy; njhlh;: (1. rhy> jt> edp> cW> fop> $h;> kh> jl> fb> fsp>) 1. edped;W 2. jlf;fhp 3. khkiy
30. msngilfs;: 1. Mm> Xx - nra;Aspir - njhohms;> Xxjy; 2. Cc - ,d;dpir - nfLg;gJ}ck; 3. <>,> I, - nrhy;ypir - joP,a> cudir,
31. <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk; - ~M| 1. ngha;ah tpsf;F 2. va;jhg; gop 3. Njuh kd;dh
32. tpidahyizAk; ngah; - mh;> md;> ms; 1. te;jth; 2. nrd;wtd; 3. gbats;
1. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F 1. XnuOj;J xUnkhopapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk; if + jb = ifj; jb ij + nghq;fy; = ijg; nghq;fy;
2. <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rj;jpd; gpd; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. Nfsh + nrtp + Nfshr; nrtp Xlh + Nju; + Xlhj; Nju;
2. ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F 1. ck;ikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. fha; + fdp = fha;fdp jha; + je;ij = jha;je;ij
2. ,ul;ilf;fpstpapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. flfl> klkl> rlrl
3. tpidnar;rkhf;Ff. 1. ngW - ngw;W 2. gb - gbj;J 3. el - ele;J 4. nra; - nra;J
5. XL - Xb 6. grp - grpj;J 7. gpup - gpupj;J
4. nganur;rkhf;Ff. 1. ngW - ngw;w 2. gb - gbj;j 3. el - ele;j 4. nra; - nra;j 5. XL - Xba 5. ctikaia cUtfkhf;F. ctik - cUtfk; 1. mKjnkhop - nkhopaKJ 2. faw;fz; - fz;fay; 3. Njd;jkpo; - jkpo;j;Njd; 4. G+tpuy; - tpuy;G+
RUf;fkhf tpilasp - tpdh vz; 11 Kjy; 20 tiu
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
5. kjpKfk; - Kfkjp 6. kyub - mbkyh; 7. Kj;Jg;gy; - gy;Kj;J
8. tpw;GUtk; - GUttpy; 9. kyh;g;ghjk; -- ghjkyh; 10. gtstha; - tha;g;gtsk; 11. fay;tpop - tpopf;fay; 12. fdptha; - tha;f;fdp
6. gFjpia vLj;njOJf. 1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th 4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb 6. Nfl;l - Nfs; 7. fz;lhd; - fhz; 8. nfhz;lhd; - nfhs; 9. nra;jhd; - nra;
7. thf;fpa khw;wk;. 1. fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lJ - czu;r;rpj; njhluhf khw;W
me;Njh! fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lNj ! 2. jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptu;. - tpdhj;njhluhf mikf;f. jpUf;Fwis mwpahjtu; csNuh ? 3. ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ - czu;r;rpj;njhluhf khw;Wf. vd;Nd! ,kakiyapd; cauk;! 4. New;W Gay; tPrpaJ@ kuq;fs; rha;e;jd. New;W Gay; tPrpajhy; kuq;fs; rha;;e;jd. 5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs; - nraghl;L tpidahf khw;W nghk;ik G+q;Foypahy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. 6. vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;gpj;jhd; - gpwtpidahf khw;W vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd;.
8. njhlu;fs; vt;tifahdit
1. gprpuhe;ijahu;> el;Gf;F ,yf;fzkhfj jpfo;rpwhu; - nra;jpj; njhlu; 2. Foe;ijia mbj;jJ ahu;? - tpdhj; njhlu; 3. ek; ehl;Lf; nfhb jiyikahrpupauhy; Vw;wg;gl;lJ. - nraghl;L tpid 4. taypy; MLfs; Nka;e;jpy - vjpu;kiw 5. fhe;jpabfs; cz;ik Ngrhky; ,uhu;. - nghUs; khwh vjpu;kiw
9. cupa kuGr;nrhy;iy Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf. 1. vq;fs; gs;spf;Fr; Rw;Wr; Rtu; ______________ (vOg;gg;gl;lJ/fl;lg;gl;lJ) 2. ghujpahu; nra;Ais ______________ (gbdhu;/,aw;wpdhu;) 3. Ntld; ______________ (va;j/nrYj;jpa) mk;G ahidia tPo;j;jpaJ. 4. khwd; Xtpaj;ij______________ (tiue;jhd;/Gide;jhd;) 5. me;j rpw;gk; xNu fy;ypy; (tbf;fg;gl;lJ/nrJf;fg;gl;lJ)
10. njhifr; nrhy;iy tpupj;njOJf. 1. Kf;fdp - kh> gyh> thio 2. ,Utpid - ey;tpid> jPtpid - jd;tpid> gpwtpid 3. ,Ujpiz - cah;jpiz> m/wpiz- mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz 4. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; 5. Kg;ghy; - mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; 6. %tplk; - jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glh;f;if 7. %Nte;jh; - Nruh;> Nrhoh;> ghz;bah; 8. ehw;wpir - fpof;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F> njw;F 9. ehdpyk; - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy; 10. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
11. Ik;ghy; - Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> gyh;ghy;> xd;wd;ghy;> gytpd;ghy;. 12. Ik;Gyd; - njhL czh;T> cz;zy;> Efh;jy;> fhzy;> Nfl;ly; 13. Ik;nghwp - nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp
11. xUik gd;ikg; gpio ePf;fp vOJf. 1) fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jhd;. fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jdu; 2) ngz;fs; ngwNtz;baJ ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik. ngz;fs; ngwNtz;bait ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik. 3) ,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ ,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd. 4. taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu; $wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jJ. taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu; $wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jd. 5. Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehs;fspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdhu;.
Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdu;. 6. Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wJ. Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wit. 7. <];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;. <];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhu;. 8. ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wJ. ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wdu; 9. fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jJ. fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jd. 10. jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jd. jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jJ. 11. Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;.
Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. 12. kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; Nghjh. kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. 14. jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sJ. jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sd. 15. ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; XlhJ ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; Xlh. 16. mtd; ftpQd; my;y. mtd; ftpQd; my;yd;. 17. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J my;y. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J md;W.
12. re;jpg;gpio ePf;fp vOJf. 1. Mz;fis NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muR gzp midj;J JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muRg; gzp midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2. MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;if gazkhk; . MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;ifg; gazkhk;. . 3. Mrpupau; ngaiu jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;J gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu; Mrpupau; ngaiuj; jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;Jg; gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu; 4. ViofSf;F nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;W je;jhu;. ViofSf;Fg; nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;Wj; je;jhu;.
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
5. Nkil Ngr;R kpFe;j gaid juty;yJ. Nkilg; Ngr;R kpFe;j gaidj; juty;yJ. 6. kf;fis ,yl;rpa ghijapNy mioj;J nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj NkilNgr;R.
kf;fis ,yl;rpag; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj Nkilg; Ngr;R 7. jpiuglk; vLf;f gad;gLk; glRUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ. jpiug;glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr;RUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ. 8. jpiuglk; kf;fis jd;ghy; <u;j;J fl;b Nghlty;yJ. jpiug;glk; kf;fisj; jd;ghy; <u;j;Jf; fl;bg; Nghlty;yJ. 9. kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuG nry;tkhf jkpo;nkhop tpsqFfpwJ. kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuGr; nry;tkhfj; jkpo;nkhop tpsq;FfpwJ. 10. jkpopy; tuyhw;W fUj;JfisAk;, gz;ghl;L $WfisAk; fhz KbAk;. jkpopy; tuyhw;Wf; fUj;JfisAk;, gz;ghl;Lf; $WfisAk; fhz KbAk;. 11. ts;syhu; mUspa topfis fil gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;. ts;syhu; mUspa topfisf; filg; gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;. 12. mwpT Xspngw mq;Nf Nrhjp juprd GJikia GFj;jpdhu;.
mwpT Xspngw mq;Nfr; Nrhjp juprdg; gJikiag; GFj;jpdhu;. 13. ifnjhopy; xd;iw fw;W nfhs;. ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wf;nfhs;. 14. ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ij nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;, fly; fle;J nry;y
$lhnjdTk;; $wpte;jdu;. ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ijg; nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;, fly; fle;J nry;yf; $lhnjdTk; $wpte;jdu;.
13. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlupYs;s t*r;nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf. 1. tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj. - tyg;gf;fr; Rtupy; vOjhNj. 2. mtd; tPz; rpyT nra;fpwhd; - mtd; tPz; nryT nra;fpwhd;. 3. vfd nkhfdaha; NgrhNj - vJif Nkhidaha; NgrhNj
4. mtd; Ntg;gpiy gwpj;jhd; - mtd; Ntg;ge;jio gwpj;jhd;. 5. vd; crpu; ePjhNd - vd; capu; ePjhNd 6. fhiyapy; eh\;lh rhg;gpl;lhah? - fhiyapy; rpw;Wz;b rhg;gpl;lhah? 8. Ntu;it rpe;j cisf;f Ntz;Lk; - tpau;it rpe;j ciof;f Ntz;Lk;. 9. jk;gp ,q;fpl;L th - jk;gp ,q;F th 7. Mj;jq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ. Mw;wq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ. 8. ,d;df;fp xU fpNyh mtuf;fh thq;fp te;Njd;. ,d;iwf;F xU fpNyh mtiuf;fha; thq;fp te;Njd;.
14. ctk cUig vLj;J vOJf. 1. fpspNghyg; Ngrpdhs; - Nghy 2. Nta;Giu Njhs; - Giua
3. jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs; - xg;g 4. KoT cwo; jlf;if - cwo 5. kyud;d Nrtb - md;d 6. fhak; %o;F kfsph;fz; khDk; jhkiu - khd 7. ghk;gpd; ite;Jzp fLg;g - fLg;g 8. kpd;dpw;F ,iaa kpspUk; - ,iaa 9. nghd;Neh; GJkyh; - Neh; 10. fz;nzhL epfh;f;Fk; fopg;G+q;Ftis - epfh; 11. ahopd; ,d;d ,d;nrhy; - ,d;d 12. mk;G Edp Va;g;g mUk;gpa ,Ug;ig - Va;g;g
15. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F cupa jkpo;r;nrhw;fis vOJf.
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. ,iwtid Nehf;fp ahj;jpiu nry;yy; gf;jUf;fhd khu;f;fk;. ,iwtid Nehf;fpg; Gdpjg; gazk; nry;yy; mbahUf;fhd top. 2. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fis topgLf.
Nfhapy;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W nja;tj;jpUTUtq;fis topgLf. 3. ,e;j \u;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ. ,e;jr; rl;il kpfTk; tpiy cau;e;jJ. 4. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf ntw;wp ngUk;. 5. ehd; ,e;j fhNy[pd; Xy;l; ];Llz;l;. ehd; ,e;jf; fy;Y}upapd; Kd;dhs; khztd;. 6. Ntyd; Ranjhopypy; mjpf yhgk; <l;bdhd; Ntyd; jd;nrhe;j njhopypy; kpFe;j tUtha; <l;bdhd; 7. me;j tpQ;Qhdpapd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ me;j mwptpay; mwpQhpd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ 8. midtiuAk; cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;s jiyth; miog;GtpLj;jhh;.
midtiuAk; cz;zh Nehd;G Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;s jiyth; miog;GtpLj;jhh;.
9. mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j epGzu;. mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j ty;Yeu;. 10. myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp. xg;gid nra;J nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.
16. ,U nghUs; jUf. 1. MW - top> vz;> ejp 2. jpq;fs; - khjk;> epyT> jpq;fl;fpoik 3. khiy - G+khiy> khiyg;nghOJ 4. eif - mzpfyd;> Gd;dif
5. nka; - cly;> cz;ik 6. Ey; - Gj;jfk;> gQ;R E}y; 7. fiy - Mz;khd;> fy;tp 8. gb - thapw;gb> Gj;jfk; gb 9. kjp - mwpT> epyT
17. xypkuG 1. ML fj;Jk; 11. Me;ij myWk; 2. vUJ vf;fhykpLk; 12. fhfk; fiuAk; 3. Fjpiu fidf;Fk; 13. fpsp NgRk; 4. Fuq;F myg;Gk; 14. Fapy; $Tk; 5. rpq;fk; Koq;Fk; 15. $if FoWk; 6. ehp CisapLk; 16. Nfhop nfhf;fhpf;Fk;
7. Gyp cWKk; 17. Nrty; $Tk; 8. ahid gpspWk; 18. Gwh FDFk; 9. G+id rPWk; 19. kapy; mfTk; 10. vyp fPr;rpLk; 20. tz;L KuYk; 18. nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw;Fwpapl;L vOJf. 1. rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk; rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk;@ Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk;@ rl;lk;
ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;. 2. fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs; nra;jpg;glq;fs; tpsf;fg;glq;fs;
fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs;> nra;jpg;glq;fs;> tpsf;fg;glq;fs;> fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ.
19. kuGj; njhlUf;fhd nghUs; vOJf. 1. Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gaph; - ePz;l fhyj;jpw;fhpaJ. 2. vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is - jd;rpe;jidapd;wp nrhy;gth; Ngr;irf; Nfl;L elg;gth; 3. Vl;Lr;Riuf;fha; fwpf;FjthJ - gl;lwptpy;yhj gbg;G 4. mtiy epidj;J cuiy ,bj;jy; - vz;zKk; nraYk; xj;Jtuhik 5. Kjiyf; fz;zPh; - ngha;aOif 6. mtruf;FLf;if - vz;zpj; Jzpahjhh; 7. Mfhaj; jhkiu - ,y;;;;;;;;;yhj xd;W 8. fk;gp ePl;ly; - nrhy;ypf; nfhs;shky; nry;yy; 9. jhsk; NghLjy; - vijr; nrhd;dhYk; mg;gbNa Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;
10. fhdy; ePh; - ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk; Mdhy; ,uhJ 11. gQ;rha;g; gwj;jy; - miye;J jphpjy;. 12. Fl;br;Rth; - gadpd;wp ,Uj;jy; 13. nfhl;basj;jy; - kpFjpahfg; NgRjy; 14. gRkuj;jhzp - Mog;gjpjy; 15. thioab thio - guk;giu guk;giuahf 16. nfhbfl;b - jdpg;GfNohL tpsq;Fjy;
20. ctikfisr; nrhw;nwhlupy; mikj;J vOJf. 1. Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu; jpUkzk; vd;gJ Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu;. 2. Kjiyf; fz;zPu;. fhtyuplk; gpbgl;l jpUld;> ehd; jpUltpy;iy vd Kjiyf;fz;zPu; tbj;jhd;. 3. gRkuj;jhzp Nghy ,sikapy; ehk; fw;Fk; fy;tp gRkuj;jhzp Nghy kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpAk;. 4. mbaw;w kuk;Nghy je;ijia ,oe;j FLk;gk; mbaw;w kuk;Nghy MdJ. 5. cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdpg;Nghy vq;fs; Mrpupau; jpUf;FwSf;F mspj;j tpsf;fk; cs;sq;if ney;ypf; fdpg; Nghy njspthf tpsq;fpaJ. 6. Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;Fg;Nghy ehk; mwptpy; rpwe;jtu;fshf tsUk;NghJ ekJ Gfo;> Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;Fg;Nghy cynfq;Fk; xsp tPRk;.
21 . I. nghUj;Jf
1.Ifhuf;FWf;fk; - m. K/BJ 2.xsfhuf;FWf;fk; - M. jiytd; 3.Ma;jf;FWf;fk; - ,. Nghd;k; 4.kfuFWf;fk; - <. ntsthy; tpil:- 1-M> 2-<> 3-m> 4-,
II. nghUj;Jf 1. ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs; - m. NrhW cz;lhd; 2. Fwpg;Gr;nrhy; - M. fy;>kz; 3. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; - ,. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh;
tpil :- 1- M> 2- ,> 3-m
III. nghUj;Jf
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. mwptpdh - m. tUthah? vdpy; thNud; vd;gJ 2. Vty;tpil - M. cz;lhah?vdpy; tapW typf;Fk; vd;gJ 3. kiwtpil - ,. ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy; ePNa nra; vd;gJ 4. cWtJ $wy; - <.„„,jd; nghUs;ahJ” vd Mrphpah;khzthplk; Nfl;gJ tpil:- 1-<> 2-,> 3-m> 4-M
IV. nghUj;Jf 1. <W Nghjy; - m. ntw;wpiy 2. Mjp ePly; - M. nre;jkpo; 3. ,dkpfy; - ,. nrk;nkhop 4. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; - <. %J}h; tpil:- 1-,> 2-<> 3-M> 4-m
V. nghUj;Jf 1. FwpQ;rp - m. Kay;>khd; 2. Ky;iy - M. Gyp>fub 3. kUjk; - ,. Kjiy>Rwh 4. nea;jy; - <. vUik>ePh;eha; tpil:- 1-M> 2-m> 3-<> 4-,
VI. ,sikg; ngah;fisg; nghUj;Jf. 1. ML - m. fd;W 2. khd; - M. gps;is 3. fPup - ,. Fl;b
4. rpq;fk; - <.FQ;R 5. Nfhop - c.FUis tpil :1-,> 2-m> 3-M> 4-c> 5-<
VII. nghUj;Jf. 1. kapy; - m. fiuAk; 2. $if - M. fj;Jk; 3. ahid - ,. FoWk; 4. fhfk; - <. mfTk;
5. ML - c. gpspUk; tpil :1-<> 2-,> 3-c> 4-m> 5. M
22. gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; 1) Nghw;wp => Nghw;W +, Nghw;W => gFjp , => tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp 2) va;Jth; =>va;J+t;+mh; va;J => gFjp t; => vjph;fhy ,ilepiy mu; => gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 3) tPo;e;jds; =>tPo;+j;(e;)+j;+md;+ms;
tPo; => gFjp j;(e;) => “j;”-re;jp: “e;”- MdJ tpfhuk; j; => ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy md; => rhupia ms; =>ngz;;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 4) Nfl;l => Nfs;(l;)+l;+m Nfs;(l;) => gFjp; s; -l; MdJ tpfhuk;: l; => ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m => nganur;r tpFjp 5) tho;thd; =>tho; +t;+Md;
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
tho; => gFjp t; => vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Md; => Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 6) G+z;l => G+z; +l;+m G+z; => gFjp l; => ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m => nganur;r tpFjp
1. Ifhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff? nkhop Kjy; >,il>fil Mfpa %tplq;fspy; tUk; “Ifhuk;” jd; khj;jpiu mstpypUe;JFiwe;J xypg;gJ Ifhuf; FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. (v-L) Ik;gJ – nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; te;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.
jiytd; – nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ. fliy – nrhy;Yf;F <w;wpy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.
2. xsfhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff. nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; tUk; xsfhuk; jdJ ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J xd;wiw khj;jpiu mstha; xypf;Fk;
rhd;W: xsit> ntsthy;
3. nrhy; vd;why; vd;d? Xh; vOj;J jdpj;J epd;Nwh> gy vOj;Jf;fs; njhlh;e;J epd;Nwh nghUs; jUtJ nrhy; vdg;gLk;.
4. nkhopapd; tiffs; ahit? nkhop %d;W tifg;gLk; mit jdpnkhop>njhlh;nkhop>nghJnkhop vd;gitahFk;.
5. nghJnkhop vd;why; vd;d? rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU nghUisAk;> mr;nrhy;Ny gpw nrhw;fSld; njhlh;e;J epd;W NtW nghUisAk; je;J jdpnkhopf;Fk; njhlu; nkhopf;Fk; nghJtha; miktJ. rhd;W: me;jkhd; - jPT> me;j khd; : tpyq;F
6. Kw;nwr;rk; vd;why; vd;d? xU tpid Kw;Wr; nrhy; vr;rg;nghUspy; te;J kw;nwhU tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L KbtJ Kw;nwr;rk; vdg;gLk;. (v.L) ee;jpdp te;jds;> Nghapds;.
7. njhpepiy tpidKw;Wr; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff? nra;gtd;>fUtp>epyk;>nray;>fhyk;>nra;nghUs; vd;Dk; MwidAk; ntspg;gilahff; fhl;LtJ njhpepiytpidKw;whFk; (v.L) cotd; taiy cOjhd;
nra;gtd; - cotd; fUtp - fyg;ig epyk; - tay; nray; - cOjy; fhyk; - ,we;jfhyk; nra;nghUs; - ney; 8. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? v.fh. jUf.
xU nrhy;> jd; nghUisAk; Fwpj;Jj; jdf;F ,dkhd nghUisAk; Fwpj;J tUtJ ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vdg;gLk;. (v.fh) fjpu;Nty; ntw;wpiy jpd;whd;.
9. mLf;Fj; njhlh; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff? mirepiyf;Fk;> tpiuT> rpdk;> kfpo;r;rp> mr;rk;> Jd;gk;> Kjypa nghUs; epiyf;Fk; nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwT nra;tjw;Fk; ,uz;L>%d;W>ehd;F Kiw mLf;fp tUtJ mLf;Fj; njhlh; MFk;.
FWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; 21 Kjy; 27 tiu
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
(v.L) 1. tho;f! tho;f! - kfpo;r;rp 2. ghk;G! ghk;G! - mr;rk;.
10. mLf;Fj; njhlUf;Fk; ,ul;ilfpstpf;Fk; cs;s NtWghL ahJ?
11. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? tpdh MWtifg;gLk; mit>
mwptpdh>mwpahtpdh>Iatpdh>nfhsy;tpdh>nfhiltpdh>Vty;tpdh-vd;gitahFk;.
12. Ia tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff. jdJ Iaj;jpidg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtg;gLk; tpdh Ia tpdh.
v.fh. mq;Nf fplg;gJ ghk;Ngh? fapNwh?
13. nfhsy; tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff. xU nghUis thq;Fk; nghUl;L Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdh nfhsy; tpdh. v.fh. gUg;G cs;sjh? vd tzpfuplk; tpdTk; tpdh.
14. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mitahit?
vl;L tifg;gLk; mit>
1. Rl;Ltpil 2. kiwtpil 3. Neh;tpil 4. Vty;tpil 5. tpdhntjph; tpdhjy;tpil 6. cw;wJ ciuj;jy;tpil 7. cWtJ $wy;tpil8. ,dnkhoptpil.
15. ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?
Rl;L> kiw> Neu; Mfpad ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk;.
16. Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?
Vty;> tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy;> cw;wJ ciuj;jy;> cWtJ $wy;> ,dnkhop Mfpa Ie;Jk; Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpilfs;.
17. cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~clk;G nehe;jJ| vd jdf;F cw;wij $WtJ> cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil.
18. cWtJ $wy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~if typf;Fk;| vd jdf;F tug;Nghtjid $WtJ> cWtJ $wy; tpil.
19. ,dnkhop tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
~~MLthah?|| vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F ~ghLNtd;| vd MLtjw;F ,dkhd ghLtjidf; $wtJ> ,dnkhop tpil.
20.xU nghUl; gd;nkhop vd;why; vd;d?vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf?
nghUl; rpwg;Gf;fhf xU nghUisf; Fwpf;f gy nrhw;fs; tUtJ xU nghUl; gd;nkhopahFk;. (v.fh) 1.eLikak;> 2. kPkpir QhapW
21. ctk cUGfs; ahit ?
Nghy>Giua>xg;g> cwo> md;d>,d;d vd;gd ctk cUGfshFk;.
22. nrk;ik + nkhop vt;thW GzUk;?
1. nrk;ik + nkhop = nrk;nkhop 2. ~<WNghjy; tpjpg;gb| ik nfl;L nrk;nkhop vd;W Gzh;e;jJ.
t.vz; mLf;Fj; njhlh; ,ul;ilfpstp
1 nrhw;fs; jdpj;jdpNa epw;Fk; nrhw;fs; xd;Wgl;Lepw;Fk;
2 gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUk; gphpj;jhy; nghUs; juhJ
3 ,uz;L>%d;W>ehd;F Kiw mLf;fp tUk;
,uz;L Kiw kl;LNk mLf;fp tUk
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
23. ntw;wpiy Gzh;r;rp tpjp $Wf.
1. ntw;wpiy - ntWik + ,iy
2. ntW + ,iy - <WNghjy;
3. ntw; + ,iy - capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;.
4. ntw;w; + ,iy - jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;.
5. ntw;wpiy - cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
24. Kjw;nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ? epyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
25. fUg; nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ? me;je;j (Itif) epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;> kf;fs;> czT> tpyq;F> Kjypa nghUs;fs; fUg;nghUs;fs; MFk;.
26. fUg;nghUs; ml;ltiz
27. mfj;jpiz:
28. Gwj;jpizfs;: 1. ntl;rp - epiufth;jy; 2. fue;ij - epiu kPl;ly; 3. tQ;rp - gifNkw; nry;yy; 4. fhQ;rp - vjph; epw;wy; 5. nehr;rp - kjpy; fhj;jy; 6. copiQ - kjpy; tisj;jy; 7. Jk;ig - mjpug;nghUjy; 8. thif - nrUntd;wy;
fUg;nghUs; FwpQ;rp Ky;iy kUjk; nea;jy; ghiy
nja;tk; KUfd; jpUkhy; ,e;jpud; tUzd; nfhw;wit
kf;fs;Fwth;> Fwj;jpah;
Mah;. Ma;r;rpah;
coth;> coj;jpah;
gujd;> guj;jpah;
vapdh;> vapw;wpah;
czTkiyney;> jpiz
tuF> rhik
nre;ney;> ntz;nzy;
kPd;>cg;Gf;Fg;ngw;wnghUs;
#iwahlyhy; tUk;nghUs;
aho;FwpQ;rp aho;
Ky;iy aho;
kUjaho;tpshp aho;
ghiy aho;
gz; FwpQ;rpg;gz; rhjhhpg;gz; kUjg;gz; nrt;topg;gz; gQ;Rug;gz;
njhopy;NjndLj;jy;> fpoq;Fmfo;jy;
VWjOTjy; epiuNka;j;jy;
ney;yhpjy;> fisgwpj;jy;
kPd;gpbj;jy;> cg;Gtpisj;jy;
topg;gwp> epiufth;jy
jpiz ngUk;nghOJ khjk; rpWnghOJ fhyk;
FwpQ;rp Fsph;fhyk;> Kd;gdp Ig;grp> fhh;j;jpif> khh;fop> ij
ahkk; ,uT 10.00 - 2.00
Ky;iy fhh;fhyk; Mtzp> Gul;lhrp khiy khiy 6.00 - 10.00
kUjk; MW ngUk; nghOJfs;
12 khjq;fs; itfiw> fhiy
,uT 2.00 - 6.00
nea;jy; MW ngUk; nghOJfs;
12 khjq;fs; vw;ghL gpw;gfy;2.00 - 6.00
ghiy ,sNtdpy;> KJNtdpy;> gpd;gdp
rpj;jpiu> itfhrp> Mdp> Mb> khrp> gq;Fdp
ez;gfy; fhiy 10..00 - 2.00
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
9. ghlhz; - Mz; kfdpd; xOfyhW 10. nghJtpay; - midj;J jpizfSf;Fk; nghJthdJ 11. iff;fpis - xUjiyf;fhkk;
12. ngUe;jpiz - nghUe;jhf;fhkk;
29. Gwj;jpiz vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? Gwj;jpiz gd;dpuz;L tifg;gLk;> mit 1. ntl;rpj;jpiz 2.fue;ijj;jpiz 3.tQ;rpj;jpiz 4.fhQ;rpj;jpiz 5. nehr;rpj;jpiz 6.copiQj;jpiz> 7.Jk;igj;jpiz 8.thifj;jpiz 9. ghlhz;jpiz 10.nghJtpay;jpiz 11.iff;fpisj;jpiz 12.ngUe;jpiz
30. kjpy;Nghu; gw;wpa Gwj;jpizfs; ahit? 1. nehr;rp> 2. copiQ
31. vjpu; vjpu; jpizfs; ahit? ntl;rp - fue;ij tQ;rp - fhQ;rp nehr;rp - copiQ
32. ehy;tifg; ghf;fs; ahit? ntz;gh>Mrphpag;gh>fypg;gh>tQ;rpg;gh vd “gh”ehy;tifg;gLk;.
33. ntz;ghtpd;tiffs;ahit? ntz;gh MWtifg;gLk; mit> 1. Fws;;ntz;gh 2. Nehpirntz;gh 3.,d;dpirntz;gh 4. g/nwhil ntz;gh 5. Nehpirr;rpe;jpay;ntz;gh 6. ,d;dpirr; rpe;jpay;ntz;gh vd;gitahFk;.
34. Mrphpag;ghtpd;tiffs; ahit? 1. Nehpir Mrphpag;gh 2. ,izf;Fws;Mrphpag;gh 3. epiykz;by Mrphpag;gh 4. mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh
1. ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij $Wf? 1. <w;wb Kr;rPuha; Vida mbfs; ehw;rPuha;tUk;. 2. ,aw;rPh;(khr;rPh;>tpsr;rPh;) ntz;rPh; (fha;rPh;) tUk; gpw rPh;fs;tuhJ. 3. ,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk; (khKd;epiu tpsKd;Neh;) ntzrPh; ntz;lisAk; (fha;Kd;Neh;)tUk; gpw jisfs;tuhJ. 4. <w;wbapd; <w;Wr;rPh; ehs;>kyh;>fhR>gpwg;G vd;Dk; Xuir tha;ghLfSs; xd;W nfhz;LKbAk;. 5. nrg;gNyhir ngw;WtUk;.
6. ,uz;lb Kjy;>gd;dpuz;L mbtiu tUk;. 2. mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;ghtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;L je;J tpsf;Ff.
Mrphpag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W> vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wpg;gbj;jhYk; XirAk;>nghUSk; khwhJ tUtJ mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh vdg;gLk;. (v.L) jha;nkhop tsh;j;jy; jkpoh; jk; flNd
tha;nkhop Guj;jy; kw;wth; flNd jha;nkhop jtph;j;jy; fw;wth; flNd Ma;nkhop Aiuj;jy; mwpQh;jq;; flNd
,g;ghlypy; cs;s mbfis Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wpdhYk; ghlypd; XirAk; nghUSk; khwhky; tUfpd;wJ.
rpWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; : 28 Kjy; 30 tiu
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
3. jw;Fwpg;Nw;w mzp:
mzp tiuaiw :jd; + Fwpg;G + Vw;wk; = jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk;. ,ay;ghf epfOk;
epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQh; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf; $WtJ jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp. rhd;W: ~~NghUoe; njLj;j Mnuapy; neLq;nfhb thuy; vd;gdNghy; kwpj;J iffhl;l” tpsf;fk;: ,ay;ghd epfo;T.: kJiu kjpy; kPJ fhw;wpy; nfhb mirjy;. jw;Fwpg;G: kJiuapd; kjpy; Nky; cs;s nfhb> kJiuf;F tUk; NfhtyidAk; fz;zfpiaAk; ghh;j;J> ,q;F te;jhy; jPq;F tpisAk; tuhjPH; vd;W kwpj;Jf; ifiaf; fhl;LfpwJ. nghUj;jk;: fhw;wpy; nfhb mirtJ ,ay;G. ftpQd; ~kJiuf;F tuhjPH;| vd;Wf; ifia mirf;fpwJ vdf; $Wtjhy; ,J jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.
4. tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp: mzp tiuaiw:
Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jYk; gopg;gJ Nghy Gfo;tJk; tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp. rhd;W: Njth; midah; fath; mtUe;jhk; Nktd nra;njhOf yhd;. tpsf;fk;: (Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jy;) Gfo;jy;: fath;fs; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghth;. gopj;jy;: fath;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr; nra;gth;. nghUj;jk;: fath;fisj; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghdth;fs; vdg; Gfo;e;J $wp> mth;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr; nra;gth;fs; vdg; gopj;Jf; $wpajhy; ,J tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rpmzp.
5. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp: mzp tiuaiw:
nra;Aspy; Kd;dh; te;j nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J XNu nghUisj; jUtJ nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;. rhd;W: jPait jPa gaj;jyhy; jPait jPapDk; mQ;rg; gLk;.
tpsf;fk;: jPa nray;fs;> jk;ik nra;jtDf;Fj; jPik jUtjhy;> mit jPia tpl mjpfkhf mQ;rj;jf;fitahFk;. nghUj;jk;: jPa vd;Dk; nrhy; jPik vd;Dk; xNu nghUspy; gyKiw te;Js;sJ. vdNt ,J nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk; 6.myfpl;L tha;g;ghL tha;ghL $Wjy; Fwpg;G: 1. nka;naOj;jpd; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy; 2. neby; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy;
3. ,U Fwpy; mLj;J / FwpapLjy;
4. xw;W kw;Wk; Ma;j vOj;ij ePf;fp> Xh; vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; Neh; vdf;nfhs;f. ,uz;L vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; epiu vdf; nfhs;f. ,t;tpjpiag; gpd;gw;wp fPo;f;fz;l Fwl;ghitg; gphpj;Jf; fhz;Nghk;. va;jw; fupa jpiae;jf;fhy;> me;epiyNa nra;jw; fupa nray;
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
myfpl;L tha;ghL
1. ghpjpkhw;fiyQh; jkpo; gw;W: kJiuapy; ehd;fhk; jkpo;r;rq;fk; itf;f Kad;wtu;fSs; ghpjpkhw;fiyQUk; xUtu;. aho;g;ghzk; rp.it.jhNkhjudhu; ,tuJ jkpo;g;Gyika fz;L jpuhtpl rh];jpup vd;Dk; gl;lj;ij toq;fpdhu;. R+hpaehuhazrh];jpup vd;Dk; tlnkhopg; ngaiu khw;wp gupjpkhw;fiyQu; vdj; jdpj;jkpopy; ngau;#l;lbf;nfhz;lhu;. kzpg;gpuths eil jkpo;j;jha;f;F kpsfhiag; Nghd;w vhpr;riyj; jUk; vd;whu;.
jkpo;j;njhz;L 1902Mk; Mz;L jkpio tpyf;fp tlnkhopiaf; nfhz;L tUk; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; Kbit vjpu;j;jhu;. Ughtjp fyhtjp vd;Dk; ehlfj;ij ,aw;wp mjpy; ebj;jhu;. QhdNghjpdp vd;Dk; ,jio elj;jpdhu; nre;jkpo; vd;Dk; ,jopy; cau;jdpr; nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;> jkpopd; ngUikfis vOjpdhu;. eLtzuR ghpjpkhw; fiyQUf;F mQ;ry;jiy ntspapl;L rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
2. nky;y nky;y kw
Kd;Diu:
fkyehjd; Xaky; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; jPa gof;fj;ij cilatd;. fkyehjdpd; kidtp
Nfhfpyh. fztdpd; Gifg; gof;fj;ij khw;w Nfhfpyh vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; midj;Jk;
Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; fkyehjd; vt;thW kdk; khwpdhd; vd;gijg; gw;wp
fhz;Nghk;.
Nfhfpyhtpd; mwpTiu
kUj;Jtkidf;F nrd;W te;j Nfhfpyh> Gifg; gof;fj;jpdhy; Gw;W Neha; tUk; vd;W
kUj;Jth; $wpajhf fkyehjDf;F $Wfpwhs;. kidtp $wpaij kWj;j fkyehjd;
Gifg;gof;fj;jpypUe;J jd;id khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;W Kbthf $wptpLfpwhd;.
t.vz; rPu; mir tha;ghL
1 va;/jw; Neh; Neh; Njkh
2 fhp/a epiu Neh; Gspkh
3 jpiae; /jf; /fhy; epiu Neh; Neh; Gspkhq;fha;
4 me; /epiy/ Na Neh; epiu Neh; $tpsq;fha;
5 nra; /jw; Neh; Neh; Njkh
6 fhp/a epiu Neh; Gspkh
7 nray; epiu kyh;
Jizg;ghlf; fl;Liufs; - tpdh vz; 31 Kjy; 33 tiu
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kuzk;
fkyehjdpd; ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fKk; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; cilath;. mutJ Gifg;
gof;fj;jpdhy; Rthrg; ig Gw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,ij mwpe;j fkyehjd; kdk;
fyq;fpdhd;. ,Wjpahf ,uhkypq;fk; kuzkilfpwhu;.
rpahkyhtpd; epiy
rpahksh fztid ,oe;J ntWk; fOj;Jk;> ntwpr;Nrhba new;wpAkhf ,Ue;jhs;. mtsJ
Foe;ijfs; mtsplk; ‘mg;gh vg;gkh tUthU” vd;W Nfl;ld. ,ij fz;l fkyehjd; kpfTk;
kdk; fyq;fpdhd;.
fkyehjdpd; kd khw;wk;
ez;gdpd; kuzk; fkyehjid kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. ,dp Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fj;ij rpwpJ
rpwpjhf khw;wpf; nfhs;tjhf Nfhfpyhtplk; $Wfpwhd;. NfhfpyhTk; fztdpd; Kbit
Nfl;L kpfTk; kdk; kfpo;fpwhs;.
3. md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lq;fs; (vitNaDk; ,uz;L kl;Lk;)
Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;
ngw;Nwhu; jk; tWikiag; Nghf;f Foe;ijfis Ntiyf;F mDg;Gfpd;wdu;. gbf;Fk; tajpy;
Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;W mjpfkhf ciof;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiyia khw;w
murhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lNj Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;.
Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lq;fs;
re;ijapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; nghUs;fspy; vj;jifa FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;>
ePjpkd;wq;fisNah Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gf; FOitNah mZfpj; jPu;T fhzyhk;. ,jw;nfd jdp
ePjpkd;wq;fs; cs;sd. Efu;Nthu; chpikfisg; ghJfhf;fr; rl;lq;fs; gy cs;sd.
jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk;:
murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 19 (1)MtJ gpuptpd;gb Fbkf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; KOikahd
Ngr;Rhpik> vOj;Jhpik cz;L NkYk;> mjw;Fhpa jfty;fis ngwTk; KO chpik cz;L.
,e;jpa Fbkf;fs; jdpahfNth Xu; mikg;gpd; %ykhfNt jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk; 2005
gpupT 6,d;gb jfty; ngwyhk;. nghJj;jfty; mYtyhplk; gj;J c&gha; nrYj;jp
tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; cs;sth;fs; fl;lzk; nrYj;j Njitapy;iy.
4. ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpud;
gpwg;G
ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhr;re;jpud; ,yq;ifapYs;s fz;bapy; 1917 Mk; Mz;L rdtupj;
jpq;fs; 17Mk; ehs; NfhghyNkdd; rj;aghkh ,izaUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;jhu;.
jpiug;glj; Jiw
ehlfq;fspy; ebj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j ,uhkr;re;jpud;> jpiug;glj;Jiwapy; <Lgl;L ebf;fj;
njhlq;fpdhu;. jdJ mauhj ciog;ghy; cau;epiyia mile;jhu;.
murpay;
mwpQu; mz;zhthy; ftug;gl;l vk;.[p.Mu;. murpaypy; <Lgl;L Vio kf;fspd; kdjpy; kf;fs;
jpyfk; vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;whu;. mwpQu; mz;zh ,tiu ,jaf;fdp vdg; Nghw;wpdhu;. 1972
Mk; Mz;L jhkpUe;j ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpg; Gjpa fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhu;.
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
jkpofj;jpd; Kjy;tu;.
1977 Mk; Mz;L jkpofr; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jypy; ngw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhdhu;. ngUe;jiytu;
fhkuhru; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa kjpa czT jpl;lj;ij midj;Jg; gs;spfSf;Fk; toq;fpdhu;.
,e;jpa muR ,tUf;F ghuj uj;dh tpUJ toq;fp rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
5. Fwl;il xyp
njd;gFjpapy; xU FLk;gKk;> tlgFjpay; xU FLk;gKk; ,Ue;jd.
njd;gFjp FLk;gk;
fztd;> kidtp> MW Foe;ijfs;> xU ghl;b> xU eha; vd;W ngupa Viof; FLk;gk;. vg;nghOJk; Foe;ijfspd; Muthuk; ,Uf;Fk;.
tlgFjp FLk;gk;
fztd;> kidtp vd ,Utu; kl;LNk thOk; nghpa FLk;gk;. ,Uky;> Vg;gk; jtpu NtW ve;j xypAk; ,y;iy.
njd;gFjp FLk;gKk; eha;Fl;bfSk; Vioapd; kidtp Vohtjhf xU Foe;ijia <d;nwLj;jhs;. rpy ehspy;> eha;Fl;bAk; Ie;J Fl;bfis <d;wJ. mLj;j %d;whk; ehs; ntspNa nrd;w eha; jpUk;gtpy;iy. eha;Fl;bfs; grpahy; fj;jpd.
Vioj;jhapd; fUiz grpahy; fj;jpa eha;f;Fl;bfSf;F jd;Dila ghiyNa gQ;rpapy; eidj;Jj; je;J grpNghf;fpdhs;. eha;f;Fl;bfspd; xyp mlq;fpaJ. Vg;g xyp te;j jpirapypUe;j Ful;il xyp tuj; njhlq;fpaJ.
6. E}yfk;. E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk; kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. mt;thW
Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs; jpwf;fg;gl;ld. E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs; Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy> thrfrhiy> gbg;gfk;> E}y;epiyak;> gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;. nghJ E}yfj;Jiw nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. 1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd; rPwhd ,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ. gs;sp E}yfk; gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J|| vd;Dk; tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.
E}yfKk; gaDk; ,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp> tuyhW> nghJ mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw tPl;bw;F vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ. khztu;fs; E}yfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp jq;fsJ gy;Jiw mwpitAk; tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis jkpohf;fk; nra;f - tpdh vz;: 34(m)
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. ~~lhb tu;w rz;Nl vdf;F gu;j; Nl. gl; ePq;f ,d;Dk; vdf;F gu;j;Nl bu]; vLf;ftpy;iyNa> ntha; lhb? vd;Ndhl gpuz;l;i]nay;yhk; tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;ypf; fhy; gz;zpapUf;fpNwd;.||
tpil: ~~mg;gh tUfpw Qhapw;Wf; fpoik vdf;F gpwe;j ehs;. Mdhy; ePq;f ,d;Dk; vdf;F gpwe;j ehs; Mil vLf;ftpy;iyNa> Vd; mg;gh? vd;Ndhl ez;gu;fisnay;yhk; tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;yp mioNgrpapy; mioj;jpUf;Nfd;| 2. RNu\; thl; N`g;gz;l; ? Vd; Nyl;lh tu;Nw ? topapNy xNu buhgpf; [hk;lh mjdhyjhd; Nyl;> rup rup g]; vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? bf;fl; fpilr;rjh? g]; nld; ju;l;bf;F tUk; yh];l; tPf;Nf upru;t; nra;jhr;R. tpil: RNu\; vd;d Mapw;W? vd; jhkjkha; tu;Nw ?
topapNy xNu Nghf;Ftuj;J neupry;lh> mjdhyjhd; jhkjk;> rup rup NgUe;J vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? gazr;rPl;L fpilr;rjh? NgUe;J gj;J Kg;gJf;F tUk;. nrd;w thuNk Kd; gjpT nra;jhr;R. Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSf;F ,izahdj; jkpo; nrhw;fs; \hg;gpq; - filf;F ntha; lhb - Vd; je;ijNa ? fhy; - miog;G Nlhd;l; nthup - ftiyg;glhNj tpf;fpufq;fs; - nja;tr; rpiyfs; khu;fk; - top ahj;jpiu - Gdpjg; gazk; \h;l; - Nkyhil
fh];l;yp - tpiy cah;e;jJ Xy;l; ];Llz;l; - Kd;dhs; khztd; thl; `hg;gz;l - vd;d Mapw;W Nyl; - jhkjk; buhgpf; [hk; - Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry; bf;fl; - gazr; rPl;L yh];l; tPf; - fle;j thuk; uprh;t; - Kd;gjpT bgd; - rpw;Wz;b A+dpghu;k; - rPWil Ngd; - kpd; tprphp nry;Nghd; - miyg;Ngrp
1 - É> 2 - Ê> 3 - Ë> 4 - Ì> 5 - Í> 6 - Î> 7 - Ï> 8 - Ð> 9 - Ñ> 10 - É0.
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;l vz;fSf;Fj; jkpo; vz;fis vOJ. 4> 50> 64> 11> 77> 85> 90> 116> 24 jkpo; vz;fSf;F muG vz;fis vOJ. ÍÊÏ> ÑÐ> ÉÌÎ> ÏÐË> ÎÍÊ
jkpo; vz;fis mwpf - tpdh vz;: 34(M)
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. Trees are very useful to us.They give us timber and firewood. The timber is used to
make chairs, tables and other furniture. We get oil from the oil seeds of some trees. The
leaves and fruits of some trees are used to prepare medicines.
kuq;fs; ekf;F kpfTk; gadspf;fpd;wd. mit ekf;F kuf;fl;iliaAk;>tpwifAk; jUfpd;wd. ehw;fhypfs;> Nkirfs; kw;Wk; gytifahd fiyg;nghUl;fs; nra;a kuf;fl;ilfs; cjTfpd;wd. rpy kuq;fspd; tpj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;J vz;nza; fpilf;fpwJ. rpy kuq;fspd; ,iyfs;> fdpfs; Mfpait kUe;Jfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd.
2. Early to bed and earlly to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. The early riser
has more time and energy to prepare for the day”s work than the late riser. Besides, he finds
himself fresh and brisk. Early morning is the most suitable time for study. As the mind is fresh,
even a difficult is made easy.
gpd; J}q;fp> Kd; vOjy; vDk; gof;fk; XUtid cly;eyKilatdhf> nry;tKilatdhf> mwpT cilatdhf Mf;Fk;. jhkjkha; vOgtid tpl mjpfhiyapy; vOgtDf;F md;whl Ntiyfisf; ftdpf;f mjpf NeuKk;> rf;jpAk; fpilf;fpwJ. mtd; jd;idg; Gj;Jzh;r;rp cilatdhfTk; RWRWg;G cilatdhfTk; czh;fpwhd;. mjpfhiy NeuNk kpfTk; cfe;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. rpj;jk; njspthf ,Ug;gjhy;> fbdkhd ghlg;gFjp$l vspjhf MfptpLfpwJ.
3. The television is one of the wonders of modern India. Many useful programs on
education, health, agriculture and family planning are specially prepared for rural viewers.
Interesting dramas and films are shown at regular intervals. The television is also used for
commercial advertisements.
njhiyf;fhl;rp jw;fhy ,e;jpahtpd; mw;Gjq;fspy; xd;whFk;. fy;tp> eytho;T>
Ntshz;ik> FLk;geyk; Nghd;w gad;jUk; gy epfo;r;rpfs;> ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fSf;fhfNt jdp ftdpg;Gld; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mh;tKld; ghh;f;fj;jf;f ehlfq;fSk;> jpiug;glq;fSk; Fwpg;gpl;l ,ilntspfspy; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tzpf tpsk;guq;fSf;Fk; njhiyf;fhl;rp gad;gLfpwJ.
4. Food is essential for all living beings. Without food man cannot live long. Every man
has to eat a certain quantity of food. If he eats less than that quantity his health will fail and he
will fall ill. So, everyman has to eat enough food to live.
vy;yh capupdq;fSf;Fk; czT ,d;wpaikahjJ. cztpd;wp kdpjd; neLehs; tho KbahJ. Xt;nthUtUk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT czit cz;z Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;j msT czT cly;eyj;ijg;ghjpg;gNjhL> Neha;tha;glTk; VJthFk;. MfNt xt;nthUtUk; caph;thoj; Njitahd msT czT cz;z Ntz;Lk;.
5. Gandhiji loved and respected truth more than anything else. He fought his whole life to
uphold the value of truth. From his experiment with truth, he came to know that there could
not be a God other than truth. He taught us that our thought, word and deed should on truth.
He preached what he practised.
fhe;jpabfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl Nkyhf tha;ikia Nerpj;jhh;> kjpj;jhh;. tha;ikapd; kjpg;ig epiyehl;l jd; tho;ehs; KOJk; Nghuhbdhh;. tha;ikAld;jhd; epfo;j;jpa Ma;Tfspy; ,Ue;J> tha;ikiaj;jtpu NtW nja;tk; ,y;iynad;W fz;lhh;. ekJ vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; ,k;%d;Wk; xd;whfNt ,Uf;f NtzLk; vd;W fw;gpj;jhh;. jhk; nrhy;tijNa nraypYk; fhl;bdhh;.
Mq;fpy ciug;gFjpiaj; jkpohf;fk; nra;f - tpdh vz; 35(m)
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
6. Library is a place for reading books. There will be a librarian in each library. He takes
care of all the books in English and Tamil. It also has books on Science, Economics and
commerce. There are newspapers and magazines in tamil and English. We Can read them
there silently . It is a place for silent reading. Books can be borrowed for two weeks from the
library. It is useful for everyone.
E}yfk; Gj;jfq;fs; gbg;gjw;fhd ,lkhFk;. xt;nthU E}yfj;jpYk; xU E}yfh; ,Ug;ghh;. mth;> E}yfj;jpYs;s midj;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; ftdkhfg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;thh;. Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; jkpo; fijg;Gj;jfq;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. mwptpay;> nghUspay;> tzpftpay; Gj;jfq;fSk;$l mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; jkpopy; Gjpa ,jo;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. mJ mikjpahfg; gbg;gjw;nfd;Nw cs;s ,lkhFk;. E}yfj;jpypUe;J Gj;jfq;fis ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F ,utyhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. E}yfk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; gad;glf;$ba xd;whFk;.
1. Health is Wealth.
Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;
2. Too much of anything is good for nothing
msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mkph;jKk; eQ;rhFk;
3. No pain No gain
Ciog;gpd;wp Cjpakpy;iy
4. Haste makes Waste
gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;
5. Knowledge is Power
mwpNt Mw;wy;
6. Covet all lose all
Nguhir Nghpog;G
7. Diamonds cut diamonds
Ks;is Ks;shy; vL
8. East or West, Home is the best.
vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;.
8. Empty vessals make the greatest sound.
FiwFlk; jSk;Gk;.
9 .Money makes many things.
gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;.
10. Old is gold.
goikNa gRk;nghd;.
11. Prevention is better than cure.
tUKd; fhg;gJ Nky;.
12. Little strokes fell great oaks
mbNky; mb mbj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;.
13. Tit for tat
gopf;Fg;gop
14. Work is workship
nra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk;.
15. Time is gold
fhyk; nghd; Nghd;wJ.
16. Failure is the stepping stone to success
,izahd jkpo;g;gonkhopfis vOJf - tpdh vz;: 35(M)
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F mbj;jsk;.
17. Man proposes god disposes
ehk; xd;W epidf;fj; nja;tk; xd;W epidf;Fk;.
18. Srtike the rod while it is hot.
fhw;Ws;sNghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs;.
19. The face is the Index of the mind
mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk;.
20. All that glitter is not gold
kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y.
21. Art is long : but life is short.
fy;tp fiuapy: fw;gth; ehs;rpy.
22. Barking dog seldom bite
Fiuf;fpd;w eha; fbf;fhJ.
23. There is no smoke without fire
neUg;gpd;wp GifahJ.
24. Time and tide waits for none
Iah; tUk;tiu mkhthir fhj;jpUf;fhJ
25. A friend in need is a friend indeed
Mgj;jpy; cjTgtNd cz;ikahd ez;gd;.
26. Self help is the best help
jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp.
27 .Efforts never fail
Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;.
28. Live and let live
thO> tho tpL
29. Manners make the man
ed;dlj;ijNa kdpjid cUthf;Fk;.
30. All is well that ends well
ey;y njhlf;fNk ey;y KbT.
31. Look before you leap
Mok; njhpahky; fhiy tplhNj.
32. Do well what you have to do
nra;td jpUe;jr; nra;.
33. Small rudders guide great ships
rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk;.
34. You must walk before run
vijAk; gbg;gbaha;r; nra;.
35. Experience is the best teacher
mDgtNk mUikahd Mrhd;
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
(gs;sp> kio> Foe;ij> fly;> el;G> Kaw;rp> md;id> ,aw;if) gs;sp el;G nrbaha; ,Ue;j vd;id Mapuk; Nfhb nrOikahd kukhf;fpats;! el;rj;jpuq;fs; Gy;yha; fple;jtid tpz;zpy; ,Ue;jhYk; Gfo; kuj;jpy; Vw;wpats;! ,uTf;f moF kjpia Cl;b epyTjhd; khkdpjdha; khw;wpats;! Mapuk; cwTfs; gz;igj; je;J kz;zpy; ,Ue;jhYk; ghrKld; tsu;j;jts;! vdf;F moF gs;sp vDk; vd; md;Gj;jha;! ey;y el;Gjhd;!
Kaw;rp md;id
mwpntd;Dk; tpijf;F cuk;! Rikaha; te;j vd;id Mw;wiy tsu;f;Fk; Mrhd;! Rfkha; Vw;wha; jhNa! ,kaj;jpd; cauj;ij msf;Fk; fapW! cd;id cUf;fp vd;id cd;id ,e;j cyfpw;F fhl;Lk; tbj;j rpw;gp ePNa xsp tpsf;F! vdf;F Mapuk; Kj;jkpl;L Kaw;rp vd;Dk; Rlu; tpsf;F! muq;Nfw;wk; nra;jhNa! vd;gij vd;Wk; czu;tha;! vdf;fhf kl;LNk thOk; %r;rp tpl kwe;jhYk; vd; md;Gj; jhNa! Kaw;rp nra;a kwf;fhNj! ,dp vj;jid gpwtp vLj;jhYk; vd; md;id ePNa..... kio Foe;ij Foe;ijfs; Mapuk; ftpijfis nfhQ;rp tpisahl! capUf;Fs; tpijj;jJ cotu;fs; cd; Ie;J tpuypd; mirT! cs;sk; Rfk;ghl! vd; ,ja thdpy;; kz;Zf;F Nfhb el;rj;jpuq;fis gr;irg; Glit fl;ba nfhl;b kpd;d itj;jJ kioNa! - ehq;fs; cd; ,Utpop mirT! ,we;J NghFk;Kd; thd; kioapy; G+kp G+j;jJ! tpiue;J th! cd; md;G kioapy; vd; ,jak; G+j;jJ!
kdp;jnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk; kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphpt ile;J jdpkdpj jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fpr; rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;t jw;Fk; ,dpjpdpjha; vOe;jcah; vz;z nky;yhk; ,yFtJ Gyth;jU Rtbr; rhiy GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by; Gj;jf rhiyNtz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;
fijia epiwT nra;jy; my;yJ ftpij - tpdh vz;: 36
gh eak; ghuhl;ly; - tpdh vz; : 37
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10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
jpuz;;l fUj;J: kf;fspilNa md;Gnewp tsh;tjw;Fk;> tphpe;j kdg;Nghf;F Vw;gLtw;Fk;> jd;dy Nehf;F jfh;tjw;Fk;> vy;NyhUk; Xhpdj;jth; vd;W czh;tjw;Fk;> cah; vz;zq;fs; cUthtjw;Fk;>
GdpjKw;W kf;fs; tho;tjw;Fk;> ehl;by; Gj;jfrhiy Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;. nghUs; eak;: “kf;fs; Gdpjkhd tho;T tho> md;G tphpe;j kdg;ghd;ik> jd;dykpd;ik> Xhpdk; vd;W czu> cah; vz;zk; cUthf ehnlq;Fk; Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk;” vd;fpwhh; ghujpjhrdhh;. nrhy;eak;: jd;dy kdg;ghd;ikia kf;fs; jfh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;f “jdpkdpj jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fp” vd;w nrhw;fspdhy; eak;gl $Wfpwhh; ghNte;jh;. Nkhid: Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid. rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk; ….. kNdhghtk;
,dpjpdpjha; ….. ,yFtJ GdpjKw;W ….. Gj;jfrhiy vJif: ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ vJif rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk;_jdpkdpj_,dpjpdpjha;_GdpjKw;W ,iaG: ,Wjp vOj;Njh>mirNah> rPNuh xd;Wgl;L tUtJ ,iaG rhd;W : Ntz;by; …… ehl;by; re;jeak;: ,g;ghlypy; “vz;rPh;f; fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh” gapd;W te;Js;sjhy; „mftNyhir‟ epuk;g eaj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mzp: gue;J tphpe;j thdj;ijg; Nghy kf;fspd; kdk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ftpQh; $wpAs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy;”ctik mzp” gapd;W te;Js;sJ. jiyg;G: Gj;jf rhiy
tq;fpapy; gzk; vLj;jy;> tq;fpapy; gzk; nrYj;Jjy;> njhlu;tz;b Kd;gjpT Nghd;w gbtq;fis epug;g gapw;rp nra;aTk;.
xUtNuhL xUth; el;ghfg;goFk; jpwd; vopyDk; jkpourDk; neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs;. Mdhy;> vopyuDf;Fj; jkpourd; kl;LNk ez;gd;. jkpourDf;Nfh tFg;gpy; kl;Lkpd;wpg; gs;spapYk; midtUk; ez;gh;fNs. ghh;f;Fk; ahthplj;jpYk; md;ghfTk; el;ghfTk; goFthd;. nghpath;fsplk; khpahijAld; ele;J nfhs;thd;. jd;dhy; Kbe;j cjtpfSk; nra;thd;. vopyDk; ey;y khztd;jhd;. Mdhy;> jhdhfr; nrd;W gofkhl;lhd;. tpdhTf;F kl;LNk tpil nrhy;thd;. jkpourdplk; vy;NyhUk; neUq;fpg; goFtJ> vopyDf;F Ntjid je;jJ.
gbtk; epug;Gjy; - tpdh vz;: 38
tho;f;ifj;jpwd; tpdh vz;: 39
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
1. ,th;fspy; ahiug;Nghy; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ? 2. jd;dplk; midtUk; neUq;fpg;goFtjw;F vopyd; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W eP epidf;fpwha;?
3. cq;fSf;F ez;gh;fs; cz;lh? vj;jidg;Ngh;? 1. ngah; :
2. gpwe;jehs; kw;Wk; taJ :
3. ghypdk; :
4. je;ijapd; ngah; :
5. Kfthp :
6. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; ngw;w kjpg;ngz;fs; :
7. jha;nkhop :
8. gapd;wnkhopfs; :
9. jl;lr;R :
10. fzpdp :
fbjk; tiujy;; 1. NgUe;J trjp Ntz;bg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fof Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;f;Ff; $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOJf. 2. FbePh; trjp Ntz;b xd;wpa MizaUf;Ff; $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOJf. 3. ePtph; fz;Lfspj;j ,lk; Fwpj;J cd; ez;gDf;Ff; fbjk;.
4. gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; nghJj; Njh;tpy; Kjy; kjpg;ngz; ngw;w cd; ez;gidg; ghuhl;b fbjk;. 5. E}yf trjp Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk; 6. tuNtw;G kly; 7. gphpTiu/ghuhl;L kly; 8. rhiy/kpd;trjp Ntz;b efuhl;rp MizaUf;Ff; fbjk;
9. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; Ntz;b jiyikahrphpaUf;Ff; fbjk;
.
1. jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gfs;
2. rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk; 3. rhiytpjpfs; 4. ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiyth; (m) ftpQh; 5. Njrpa xUikg;ghL 6. md;whl tho;tpy; mwptpay; 7. E}yfj;jpd; gad;fs; 8. kioePh; Nrfhpg;G 9. fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdp 10. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G
tpz;zg;gk; vOJjy; - tpdh vz;: 40
nghJf; fl;Liu - tpdh vz;: 41
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
nghJf;fl;Liufs;
jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gfs;
Kd;Diu
jkpo; %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;FNky; gioik tha;e;j nkhop. ,J gy ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa
tsq;fisf; nfhz;L nrk;nkhopahf jpfo;fpwJ. fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g jd;id khw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;
jd;ikf; nfhz;lJ. ,jd; rpwg;G gw;wp ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.
jkpopd; rpwg;G
‘ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo; nkhopg; Nghy;
,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhzNdhk;”
vd;Dk; ghujpapd; thpfs;; jkpod; ,dpikapid czu;j;Jk;. jkpo; gy rpwg;Gfisg; ngw;W
tsu;tNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;.
jha;ikr; rpwg;G
jkpo;nkhop jpuhtpl nkhopfSf;F jhahf jpfo;fpwJ. Mapuj;njz;Z}W nkhopfSf;F
Ntu;r;nrhw;fisAk;> E}w;nwz;gJ nkhopfSf;F cwTg; ngau;fisAk; je;Js;sJ. vdNt
jkpo; cyf nkhopfSf;nfy;yhk; jha;nkhopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.
gpwnkhopj; jhf;fkpd;ik
Mq;fpy nkhopapYk;> tlnkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sijg; Nghy; jkpo;
nkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sd. gpwnkhop nrhw;fis ePf;fpdhy; gy nkhopfs;
,aq;fh. Mdhy;> jkpo;nkhop xd;Nw gpwnkhopnrhw;fis ePf;fpdhYk; ,aq;fty;yJ.
,yf;fpa tsk;
cyf ,yf;fpaq;fSs; Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;sit rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;. ,tw;wpd; nkhj;j
mbfs; 26>350. mf;fhyj;Nj ,t;tstpw;F tpupthf cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpaq;fs;> cyfpy;
NtW ve;j nkhopapYk; , y;iy vd;gJ nrf; ehl;L nkhopapay; mwpQu; fgpy;Rtygpy; KbG.
kf;fspd; tho;tpay; newpfis ntspg;gLj;;Jtjhy; ,it kf;fs; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vdg;gl;ld.
,yf;fz tsk;
jkpopy; ekf;F fpilj;j kpfTk; gioikahd ,yf;fzk; njhy;fhg;gpak;. ,jpy; vOj;J>
nrhy;> nghUs; Mfpa %d;wDf;Fk; ,yf;fzk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhy;fhg;gpaupd; Mrpupau;
mfj;jpau; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp Mfpa Ie;J ,yf;fzq;fisAk; vOjpAs;shu;.
nkhopf; Nfhl;ghL
njhy;fhg;gpau; $Wk; vOj;Jg; gpwg;G Kiwfs; nkhop E}yhiuNa tpag;gpy; Mo;j;Jtd.
,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeu;fSk; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiwfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
$WfpwJ vdghu; Kidtu; vkpNdh
nrk;nkhop
jkpo; fhyg; GJikiag; ngwj;jf;fJ. fzpdpg; gad;ghl;bw;Fk; Vw;wJ. ,jd; rpwg;ig
mwpe;J eLtzuR 2004Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgupy; jkpio nrk;nkhopahf mwptpj;jJ.
KbTiu
,j;jF rpwg;G kpf;f ek; jha;nkhopahk; jkpo;nkhopia cyfwpar; nra;Nthk;.
xt;nthUtUk; jkpod; vd;W nrhy;tjpy; ngUik nfhs;Nthk;. jkpo; Ngrp kfpo;e;J ,d;gk;
fhz;Nghk;.
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;
Kd;Diu:
„rpf;fdNk rPuhd tho;T… vd;gJ gonkhop. „nghUspy;yhh;f;F ,t;Tyfk; ,y;iy…
vd;whh; ts;Sth;. mg;nghUspd; rpwg;ig czh;e;J Nrkpg;gJ mtrpak;. rpf;fdk;
,Ue;jhy;jhd; Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
rpf;fdk;:
‘rpf;fdk; Njit ,f;fdk;” Njitf;Fk; nryT nra;ahky; ,Ug;gJ fUkpj;jdk;.
Njitf;F Nky; nryT nra;tJ Mlk;guk;. Njitf;F kl;LNk nryT nra;tJ rpf;fdk;. ,e;j
NtWghLfis czu;e;J Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tuTf;Fs; nryT:
„tpuYf;F jFe;j tPf;fk ;… vd;gJ gonkhop. vdNt> FLk;g tUkhdj;jpw;F Vw;g nryT
nra;J thoNtz;Lk;. tuTf;F Nky; nryT nra;tJ ek;ik tWikapy; js;sptpLk;. tuTf;F
jFe;j jpl;lkpl;l nryT tho;it tskhdjhf;Fk;.
Nrkpg;gpd; mtrpak;:
xt;nthU kdpjDk; Nrkpg;gpd; mtrpaj;ij czuNtz;Lk;. vWk;G> NjdPf;fs; $l
jdJ vjpu;fhy Njitia czu;e;J Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,Uf;Fk; NghJ fpilj;jg; gzj;ij nryT
nra;Jtpl;L> ,y;yhj NghJ mOJnfhz;bUg;gjpy; gad; ,y;iy. ekJ tUthapy; xU rpW
njhifiaahtJ Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; ekJ vjph;fhyk; tsk;ngWk;.
Nrkpg;gpy; ftdk;:
Nguhir ngUel;lk; vd;ghu;fs;. vdNt mjpf tl;bf;F Mirg;gl;L ghJfhg;gw;w
epWtdq;fspy; gzj;ij Nrkpf;ff; $lhJ. ekJ Nrkpg;igg; ghJfhg;ghf rpW Nrkpg;G
epiyaq;fs;> muRilik tq;fpfs;> mQ;ryfq;fspy; Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
KbTiu:
ekJ vjph;fhy> xspkakhd tho;tpw;F Nrkpg;G mtrpak;. rpW Jsp ngUnts;sk; vd;gJ
Nghy; rpWf rpWfr; Nrkpj;J tsk; ngUf tho;Nthk;.
‘rpf;fdk; tPl;ilf; fhf;Fk; Nrkpg;G ehl;ilf; fhf;Fk;”
Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;G
Kd;Diu:
ek;ikr; Rw;wpapUf;Fk; ,aw;ifr; #o;epiyia khRglhky; ghJfhg;gNj Rw;Wr; #oy;
ghJfhg;ghFk;. ek;ikf; fhf;Fk; G+kpia ehKk; fhf;fNtz;Lk;. mjd; mtrpak; gw;wp
,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
epyj;J}a;ik:
kz;izf; fhj;jhy; kl;LNk kdpj ,dk; kdkfpo;NthL tho ,aYk;. ,urhad cuk;>
G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp> nefpop gad;ghl;lhy; epyk; khrilfpwJ. ,aw;if cuk; gad;gLj;jp> czTg;
nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ ekf;Fk;> epyj;jpw;Fk; gadspf;Fk;.
ePh;j;J}a;ik:
‘ePupd;wp mikahJ cyF” vd;whu; ts;Stu;. mj;jifa ePiu J}a;ikahf itg;gjd;
%yk; kdpj ,dk; MNuhf;fpakhf tho KbAk;. Neha;fs; ngUf khRgl;l ePNu fhuzk;> fopT
ePH;> ,urhadf; fopTePH; ePH;epiyfspy; fyg;gjhy; ePH; khrilfpwJ. fopT ePiu kWRow;rp
nra;aNtz;Lk;. fz;l ,lq;fspy; kyk; fopg;gij jtpu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
fhw;Wj;J}a;ik
capu;tsp vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; Mf;rp[dpd; msT Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. kuq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J tUtNj ,jw;F fhuzk;. njhopw;rhiy Gif> thfdg;Gif
Nghd;wtw;why; tsp kz;lyk; khrilfpwJ. ,jidj; jLf;f mjpf msT kuq;fis tsh;f;f
Ntz;Lk;. Gifapid ntspg;gLj;Jk; njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; thfdq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
KbTiu:
Fg;igfisf; fz;l ,lq;fspy; nfhl;lf;$lhJ. kWRow;rp nra;a Kbahj nefpopg;
nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ. ehk; thOk; ,e;j G+kpia khRgLj;jhky; ghJfhg;gJ ekJ
flikahFk;. ,jdhy; ,e;j G+kp ek;ikAk; ek; jiyKiwiaAk; ePz;l ehl;fs; ,d;gkha; tho
itf;Fk;.
‘Rw;Wr; #oy; fhg;Nghk;‚ Nehapd;wp tho;Nthk;‚”
fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdp
Kd;Diu:
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,izaw;w fz;Lgpbg;G fzpdp. nehbapy; kpy;ypad;
fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak;. ,d;W fzpdp ,d;wp ve;j JiwAk; ,aq;f KbahJ vd;w epiy
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
Njhw;wk;:
fp.gp.1883-y; rhh;y]; ghNg[; fl;lisfis tbtikj;jhh;. ,JNt fzpdp cUthf
fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt ,th; fzpdpapd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. gy epiyfisf;
fle;J ,d;W fzpdp kpfg;;nghpa tsu;r;rpapidf; fz;Ls;sJ.
tiffs;:
gy;Y}lff; fzpdp> kbf;fzpdp> ifalf;ff; fzpdp vd fzpdp ,d;W gy epiyfspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. nry;NgrpAk; ,d;W xU fzpdpahf nray;gl;L tUtij
mwpfpd;Nwhk;.
,izak;:
,izaj;jhy; ,d;W cyfNk rpW fpuhkkhf khwptpl;lJ. cyfpd; midj;Jf;
fzpdpfisAk; ,izg;gJ ,izak; vd;fpNwhk;. ,it FWk;gug;G> mfd;wgug;G> itaf
tphpT tiy vd gy tif ,izaq;fs; cs;sd. ,iza Nritf;F chpathplk; jdp
fzf;F njhlq;fp fzpdpia ,izajsj;Jld; ,izf;fyhk;.
fzpdp topf; fy;tp:
gs;spfspYk;> fy;Y}upfspYk; ,d;W fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ghlq;fs;
elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. midj;J Jiw mwpitAk; ngw ,izak; ekf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
gad;gLk; ,lq;fs;:
tq;fpfs;> cztfq;fs;> tzpftshfk;> fy;tp> NgUe;J> Giftz;b epiyaq;fs;>
gs;spfs; fy;Y}upfs;> njhopw;$lq;fs; vd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; fzpdp gad;ghL
jtpu;f;fKbahjjhf cs;sJ.
KbTiu:
kdpjdpd; fz;Lgpbg;gpy; mwpanjhU gilg;ghd fzpdp jkpo; nkhopapYk; gad;gLj;j
mwpNthk;. cyfk; Nghw;w tho;Nthk;.
‘fzpdp fw;Wtho;thNu tho;thu; kw;nwy;yhk;
njhOJ mtu;gpd;nry; gtu;”
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
kioePh; Nrfupg;G
Kd;Diu
‘ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF” vd;whu; ts;Stu;. mj;jifa ePiu kio nga;Ak; fhyq;fspy;>
epyj;Jf;F mbapy; Nrkpg;igijNa kioePH;Nrfhpg;G vd;fpNwhk;. mijg;gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy;
fhz;Nghk;.
gw;whf;Fiw Vd;?
fhLfs; mopf;fg;gLtjhy; kio nga;a Ntz;ba fhyj;jpy; nga;tjpy;iy. kf;fs;
njhif ngUf;fj;jpw;F vw;g ePH;epiyfs; ngUftpy;iy. fpilj;j ePiuAk; rhpahd Kiwapy;
ghJfhg;gjpy;iy. ,jdhy; Nfhilapy; fLk; twl;rp epyTfpwJ.
kioePh; Nrfhpg;G
epyj;jb ePH; tsk; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ. Nghjpa msT kioAk; nga;tjpy;iy. vdNt kio
nga;Ak; fhyj;jpy; kio ePiu Nrkpg;gJ mtrpak;. njhl;bfs; mikj;jy; ePH; epiyfis
Mog;gLj;Jjy;> Gjpa mizfisf; fl;Ljy; %yk; kio ePiu Nrkpf;fyhk;.
kioePh; Nrfhpf;Fk; Kiwfs;
kio ePiu ePNuhil %yk; jpUg;gp> MWfs; kw;Wk; Vupfspy; Nrkpf;fyhk;. Mo;Foha;f;
fpzWfs; Njhz;b mjd; %yk; Nrkpj;jy;. nkhl;il khbapy; nga;Ak; kio ePiu Foha; %yk;
nfhz;L te;J njhl;bapy; Nrkpf;f Nrkpf;fyhk;.
gad;fs;
epyj;jb ePh;kl;lk; caUk;> fly; ePH; epyg;gFjpapy; cl;Gfhky; jLf;Fk;. tptrhak;
rpwg;ghf eilngWk;. czT cw;gj;jp ngUFk;. vjph;fhy re;jjpapdhpd; jz;zPH; Njit
G+h;j;jpahFk;.
KbTiu
ePu;tsj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjhy; ek; tho;T tsk; ngWk;. kuq;fis tsh;g;gjhy; kio tsk;
ngUFk;. ,jdhy; jz;zPH; gw;whf;Fiw ePq;Fk;.
kioePiu Nrfhpg;Nghk; ‚ tUq;fhyj; jiyKiwiaf; fhg;Nghk;. ‚
E}yfk; Kd;Diu
~~Mwpy;yh CUf;F moF gho;||; vd;gJ gonkhop. ~~E}yfkpy;yh CUf;F mwpT gho;|| vd;gJ GJnkhop. mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu;> mwpQu; mz;zh Nghd;w Nkijfis cyfpw;F je;jJ E}yfNk vdyhk;.
E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;
kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. mt;thW Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs; jpwf;fg;gl;ld.
E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;
Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy> thrfrhiy> gbg;gfk;> E}y;epiyak;> gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;.
nghJ E}yfj;Jiw
nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. 1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfjr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd; rPwhd ,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ.
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www.Padasalai.Net – - www.TrbTnpsc.com Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk ; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
gs;sp E}yfk;
ehisa Nkijfs; ,d;iwa gs;spf; Foe;ijfs;. vdNt gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J|| vd;Dk; tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.
E}yfKk; gaDk;
,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp> tuyhW> nghJ mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw tPl;bw;F vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ. khztu;fs; gy;Jiw mwpitAk; ngw;W tsu ,e;E}yfk; gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
KbTiu
~~mwpNt Mw;wy;|| me;j mwpTf;F E}yfNk Myak;. ,ij czu;e;jtu; tho;tpy; vd;Wk; xspkak;.
capUs;stiu gbg;gNu cyfk; cs;stiu tho;fpwhu;
ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQu; (m) jiytu; Kd;Diu
jha;ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfTk;> jha; ehl;L kf;fspd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fTk; Nghuhba jiyth;fSk; ftpQu;fSk; gyu;. mjpy; kfhftpahfTk; khngUk; jiytuhfTk; tpsq;fpa ghujpahNu ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiytu;
gpwg;Gk; ,sikAk;
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