ArcGIS Survey Analyst Tutorial - Esri - GIS Mapping Software
GIS and Mapping Software Introduction
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Transcript of GIS and Mapping Software Introduction
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GIS and Mapping Software Introduction
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Objective
To provide background on GIS and introduce QGIS
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Geographic Information System (GIS) is an integration of five basic components
GIS is more than just a computer program that produces maps.
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Capturing
Storing
Querying
Analyzing
Displaying
Outputting
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A GIS combines layers of spatial data
Answers questions by comparing layers
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Querying DataIdentify features based on location
An African country with a population greater than 300,000
Identify features based on a condition
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Displaying DataMaps
Tables
Graphs
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Outputting Data
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Analyzing Data
Proximity
Overlay
Network
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Representing the Natural World in GIS Data
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GIS data types – Vector Data
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GIS data types – Raster Data
• An array of cells• Represents continuous data layer• Best for data without easily defined boundaries• Each cell has one value
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Comparison of 2 ways of representing GIS data
Vector
Raster
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Vector Data
Vector data provides a complex representation of the world it stores both:
Attributes -- text or numerical information that describe the features (population of a village or number of orphans in a province)
Geometry -- the shape or position of the features (boundary of a country or location of a hospital)
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Attributes Nonspatial information about a geographic
feature in a GIS
Stored in a table and linked to the feature by a unique identifier
For example, attributes of a river might include its name, length, and basin.
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Unique_ID River name Length_km Basin_km2
1 Mississippi 3,730 2,981,076
2 Amazon 6,937 7,050,000
3 Niger 4,180 2,117,700
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Linking geometry and attributes
• Unique identifier links geometry and attributes
FID = 60(Feature Identifier)
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Shapefile data format (vector data)
Actually, multiple files
Attributes stored in dBASE table (.dbf file format)
Shapefile.dbf table
Hospitalshapefile
“Shape” fieldAccess separateCoordinate file
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Topology
The arrangement that constrains how point, line, and polygon features in a vector data file share geometry.
Topology defines and enforces data integrity rules (for example, there should be no gaps between polygons).
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Raster Data: Images and grids Rows and columns of equally-sized cells
Each cell stores a value
Detail depends on cell size
Can be stored in various image file formats including: JPG, IMG, TIF, ASC, BMP, etc
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RastersImages Data based grids
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Open Source GIS Software
Diva GIS
Dev-Info
Health Mapper
E2G
QGIS
others?
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Open source GIS software
Software Notes
QGIS Easy to learn; training materials available; active user community writing modules
DIVA GIS Best suited for point data; limited data classification methods; robust point analysis capabilities
Dev-Info Mainly a data display tool, limited GIS capabilities
Health Mapper WHO mapping program; no planned updates; transitioning to DHIS- II
EPI Map Module in Epi-Info; limited GIS capabilities, best suited for Epi-Info users
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Key Points
GIS is an integration of 5 components
GIS represents the world as layers
Data can be stored as raster or vector
There are standard features that should be present in a GIS:
Storing, Querying, Displaying, Outputting Data
Any questions?