GIS and Layers
Transcript of GIS and Layers
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GIS and LayersGIS and Layers
Developed by Oklahoma 4-HDeveloped by Oklahoma 4-H
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Beginnings of GISBeginnings of GIS
Began in the 1960sBegan in the 1960s
Use was mainly in the public sectorUse was mainly in the public sector
Has roots in cartography and mappingHas roots in cartography and mapping
Major influence on geography in the 1980sMajor influence on geography in the 1980s
and 1990sand 1990s
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Definition of GISDefinition of GIS
GGeographiceographic IInformationnformation SSystemystem
• ESRI defines GIS as: A collection of ESRI defines GIS as: A collection of
computer hardware, software, andcomputer hardware, software, and
geographic data for capturing,geographic data for capturing,
managing, analyzing, and displaying allmanaging, analyzing, and displaying all
forms of geographically referencedforms of geographically referencedinformation.information.
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LayersLayers
Layers are a “slice of the geographicLayers are a “slice of the geographic
reality in a particular area” (ESRI)reality in a particular area” (ESRI)
They are similar to a map legendThey are similar to a map legend
Layers may describe physical,Layers may describe physical,biological, cultural, demographic,biological, cultural, demographic,
scale, etc. characteristicsscale, etc. characteristics
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For Example:For Example:
• We have three maps (or layers) with yearlyWe have three maps (or layers) with yearly
rainfall, tree species, and soil type for arainfall, tree species, and soil type for a
specific area.specific area.
• By overlaying these maps, we couldBy overlaying these maps, we could
determine if the amount of yearly rainfalldetermine if the amount of yearly rainfall
has an effect on the type of tree that growshas an effect on the type of tree that grows
in certain soils.in certain soils.
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Essentially GIS uses different layers toEssentially GIS uses different layers to
show the relationships between data.show the relationships between data.
Soil Type
Tree Species
Yearly Rainfall
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ESRI example of GIS map and itsESRI example of GIS map and its
layerslayers
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Components of GISComponents of GIS
HardwareHardware
• ComputerComputer
SoftwareSoftware
• Computer programComputer program
DataData
• Collected, bought, or freeCollected, bought, or free
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Uses of DataUses of Data
Find features or patternsFind features or patterns
Quantities and density mapsQuantities and density maps
Changes in a specific areaChanges in a specific area Anticipating a change (naturalAnticipating a change (natural
disaster preparedness)disaster preparedness)
Deciding or evaluating a course of Deciding or evaluating a course of actionaction
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How is it used?How is it used?
Tracking the spread of diseaseTracking the spread of disease
Mapping soil moistureMapping soil moisture
Trends in an evolving stormTrends in an evolving storm Mapping Storm Water systemsMapping Storm Water systems
Public road inventoryPublic road inventory
Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture
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Tracking the spread of the WestTracking the spread of the West
Nile virus from ESRI Map Book vol.Nile virus from ESRI Map Book vol.
1919
T k f 2004 H i i Fl id
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Track of 2004 Hurricanes in FloridaTrack of 2004 Hurricanes in Florida
and Wind Speed, ESRI Map Bookand Wind Speed, ESRI Map Book
Vol. 21Vol. 21
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Mapping soil moisture from ESRIMapping soil moisture from ESRI
Map Book Vol. 21Map Book Vol. 21
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Wastewater collection system fromWastewater collection system from
ESRI Map Book Vol. 21ESRI Map Book Vol. 21
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Predicting traffic problems fromPredicting traffic problems from
ESRI Map Book Vol. 16ESRI Map Book Vol. 16
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Precision Agriculture from ESRIPrecision Agriculture from ESRI
Map Book Vol. 20Map Book Vol. 20
Maturity Map Protein Map Detailed Map
Maps are for Brown RiceRed is High; Purple is Low
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What are otherWhat are other
uses you canuses you can
think of?think of?
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Link to ESRI map books for real lifeLink to ESRI map books for real life
GIS maps:GIS maps:
http://www.esri.com/industries/planninhttp://www.esri.com/industries/plannin
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ActivityActivity
If given the following layers, whatIf given the following layers, what
inferences or assumptions can youinferences or assumptions can you
make from them?make from them?
• Map of the U.S. with state capitalsMap of the U.S. with state capitals
• Map of the population densityMap of the population density
• Map of interstate highwaysMap of interstate highways
• Map of rivers in the U.S.Map of rivers in the U.S.
• Average farm size in acresAverage farm size in acres
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Map of United States and StateMap of United States and State
CapitalsCapitals
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Interstate HighwaysInterstate Highways
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Major RiversMajor Rivers
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Capitals, Rivers, HighwaysCapitals, Rivers, Highways
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Population Density from 2000Population Density from 2000
CensusCensus
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Capitals, Rivers, Highways,Capitals, Rivers, Highways,
PopulationPopulation
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Oklahoma with Highway, Rivers,Oklahoma with Highway, Rivers,
Population DensityPopulation Density
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Average Size of Farms in 2002Average Size of Farms in 2002
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Farm Size, Capitals, Highways,Farm Size, Capitals, Highways,
RiversRivers
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Oklahoma Farm Size, Highways,Oklahoma Farm Size, Highways,
RiversRivers
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All maps are from the National AtlasAll maps are from the National Atlas
website located at:website located at:
www.nationalatlas.comwww.nationalatlas.com
This site allows you to use differentThis site allows you to use different
layers to create maps.layers to create maps.