GIS and Hydrologic Information Systems
description
Transcript of GIS and Hydrologic Information Systems
GIS and Hydrologic Information Systems
By David Maidment, Tyler Jantzen and Ernest To
Center for Research in Water Resources
University of Texas at Austin
GIS and Hydrologic Information Systems
• Introduction to CUAHSI HIS
• WaterOneFlow web services
• ArcGIS Weather Downloader
GIS and Hydrologic Information Systems
• Introduction to CUAHSI HIS
• WaterOneFlow web services
• ArcGIS Weather Downloader
Ocean Sciences
CUAHSI-Hydrologic Information Systems
• CUAHSI – Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc
• Formed in 2001 as a legal entity
• Program office in Washington (5 staff)
• Supported by the National Science Foundation
Earth Sciences
AtmosphericSciences
UCAR
CUAHSI
Unidata
HISNational Science Foundation
Geosciences Directorate
CUAHSI Member Institutions
109 Universities as of July 2006
DataHypotheses
Needs
Tools
Data
Models
Exogenous DataTechnological
Advances
CommunitySupport
Multi-DisciplinaryTeams
HydrologicSynthesis
HydrologicObservatories
MeasurementTechnology
HydrologicInformation
Systems
CommunitySupport
AdditionalHypotheses
CUAHSI Program Components
Project co-PI
Collaborator
CUAHSI HIS Partner Institutions
HIS Goals
• Hydrologic Data Access System – better access to a large volume of high quality hydrologic data
• Support for Observatories – synthesizing hydrologic data for a region
• Advancement of Hydrologic Science – data modeling and advanced analysis
• Hydrologic Education – better data in the classroom, basin-focused teaching
GIS and Hydrologic Information Systems
• Introduction to CUAHSI HIS
• WaterOneFlow web services
• Texas HIS
• ArcGIS Weather Downloader
Rainfall & SnowWater quantity
and quality
Remote sensing
Water Data
Modeling Meteorology
Soil water
Water Data Web Sites
NWISWeb site output# agency_cd Agency Code# site_no USGS station number# dv_dt date of daily mean streamflow# dv_va daily mean streamflow value, in cubic-feet per-second# dv_cd daily mean streamflow value qualification code## Sites in this file include:# USGS 02087500 NEUSE RIVER NEAR CLAYTON, NC#agency_cd site_no dv_dt dv_va dv_cdUSGS 02087500 2003-09-01 1190USGS 02087500 2003-09-02 649USGS 02087500 2003-09-03 525USGS 02087500 2003-09-04 486USGS 02087500 2003-09-05 733USGS 02087500 2003-09-06 585USGS 02087500 2003-09-07 485USGS 02087500 2003-09-08 463USGS 02087500 2003-09-09 673USGS 02087500 2003-09-10 517USGS 02087500 2003-09-11 454
Time series of streamflow at a gaging station
CUAHSI Hydrologic Data Access System
A common data window for accessing, viewing and downloading hydrologic information
USGSUSGS
NASANASANCDCNCDCEPAEPA NWSNWS
Observatory DataObservatory Data
http://river.sdsc.edu/HDAS
Observation Stations
Ameriflux Towers (NASA & DOE) NOAA Automated Surface Observing System
USGS National Water Information System NOAA Climate Reference Network
Map for the US
Water Quality Measurement Sites in EPA Storet
Substantial variation in data availability from states
Data from Bora Beran, Drexel University
Water Quality Measurement Sites from Texas Commission for Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
Geographic Integration of Storet and TCEQ Data in HIS
NWIS Station Observation Metadata
Describe what has been measured at this station
Web Page Scraping
ProgrammaticallyProgrammatically construct a construct a URL string as produced by URL string as produced by manual usemanual use of the web page of the web page
http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/discharge?site_no=02087500&agency_cd=USGS&....http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/discharge?site_no=02087500&agency_cd=USGS&....
ParseParse the resulting ASCII file the resulting ASCII file
CUAHSI Web Services
Web ServicesLibrary
Web Application: Data Portal
Your application• Excel, ArcGIS, Matlab• Fortran, C/C++, Visual Basic• Hydrologic model• …………….
Your operating system• Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac
Internet Simple Object Access Protocol
NWISNWIS
ArcGISArcGIS
ExcelExcel
NCARNCAR
UnidataUnidata
NASANASAStoretStoret
NCDCNCDC
AmerifluxAmeriflux
MatlabMatlab
AccessAccess JavaJava
FortranFortran
Visual BasicVisual Basic
C/C++C/C++
Some operational services
CUAHSI Web ServicesCUAHSI Web Services
Data SourcesData Sources
ApplicationsApplications
Extract
Transform
Load
http://www.cuahsi.org/his/
Operational Services
Service Ameriflux Daymet MODIS NWIS NAM
GetSites Yes
GetSiteInfo Yes Yes
GetVariables Yes Yes
GetVariableInfo Yes Yes
GetValues Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
GetChart Yes Yes
Water OneFlow• Like Geospatial OneStop, we need a “Water
OneFlow” – a common window for water data and models
• Advancement of water science is critically dependent on integration of water information
Federal
AcademicLocal
State
GIS and Hydrologic Information Systems
• Introduction to CUAHSI HIS
• WaterOneFlow web services
• ArcGIS Weather Downloader
WeatherDownloaderThe WeatherDownloader tool ingests historical and forecastedweather data from remote data repositories …
A watershed
…into a ArcHydro TimeSeries table
Daymet• generates daily surfaces of temperature, precipitation, humidity, and
radiation over large regions of complex terrain. • developed at the University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic
Simulation Group (NTSG), to fulfill the need for fine resolution, daily meteorological and climatological data necessary for plant growth model inputs.
• Data are published at http://www.daymet.org (period of record = 1/1/1980 to 12/31/1997).
• Data can be accessed programmatically via a web service at:http://river.sdsc.edu/DAYMETTS/DAYMET.asmx
Data sources – historical weather
Daymet interface allows data to be downloaded for any point in the conterminous US.
Lat, Long
Output
NAM12km
• stands for North American Mesoscale model (12km resolution).• predicts climate variables for the conterminous United States.• runs four times daily (0:00 UTC, 6:00 UTC, 12:00 UTC and 18:00
UTC).• predictions are made 84 hours into the future. • The spatial resolution of the model grid is 12.19 km, and the grid
dimensions are 614 x 428.• Data are published at
http://motherlode.ucar.edu:8080/thredds/catalog/model/NCEP/NAM/CONUS_12km/catalog.html
• Data can be accessed programmatically via a web service at:http://river.sdsc.edu/UnidataTS/Nam12km.asmx
Data sources – forecasted weather
Grid indices: i,j
Output
NAM12km interface allows data to be downloaded for a single cell or an array of grid cells in the conterminous US.
WeatherDownloader CUAHSI Web service
How WeatherDownloader works
obtains 1. point featureclass
of desired locations
2. climate variables3. date range from user interface.
converts standardized request to URL query.
imports VB object into the ArcHydro TimeSeries table.
converts response to a standardized XML.
DataRepository
URL query
Response
extracts lat, long coordinates from each point.
HydroObjects
converts XML to VB object
parses user inputs into standardized “GetValues” request for a CUAHSI web service.
In ArcMap
Called by ArcMap
Other sources for WeatherDownloader
• WeatherDownloader contains an advanced feature that allows ingestion of data from other web services.
• The requirement is that the web services are compliant with the CUAHSI GetValues standard.
Inputs
• HydroID and TSTypeID to identify the downloaded data in the ArcHydro TimeSeries table.
wsdl of the webservice
web service name
web method
parameters
In this example, the user is downloading data from a remote SQL database by accessing the web services that wrap the database.
Station ID
VariableCode (Water Temperature)
End Date
Start Date
Outputs
Data are ingested into the TimeSeries table of the ArcHydro Database the same way as with Daymet and NAM12km.
Summary of Demo
1. WeatherDownloader harnesses Daymet and Nam12km web services to ingest historical and forecasted weather data into ArcGIS.
2. It can also ingest data from other web services as long as they are compliant with CUAHSI’s GetValues standard.
Series and FieldsFeatures
Point, line, area, volumeDiscrete space representation
Series – ordered sequence of numbersTime series – indexed by time
Frequency series – indexed by frequency
Surfaces Fields – multidimensional arrays
Scalar fields – single value at each locationVector fields – magnitude and direction Random fields – probability distribution
Continuous space representation
mm / 3 hours
Precipitation Evaporation
North American Regional Reanalysis of Climate
Variation during the day, July 2003
NetCDF format
Conclusions
• CUAHSI Hydrologic Information System synthesizes water data and models
• WaterOneFlow web services provide a common data window on water observational data from many sources
• Observational data at points and also weather field information can be accessed