GINA GNSS for INnovative road Applications : ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER...
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Transcript of GINA GNSS for INnovative road Applications : ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER...
GINAGNSS for INnovative road Applications : ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
GNSS for INnovative road Applications
03/09/2009
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference, Baška, Krk Island, Croatia
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 2
1. Introduction
2. The GINA project approach and innovation
3. The use of integrity in road pricing
4. The project trials
5. Conclusions
CONTENTS
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
INTRODUCTION
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 4
INTRODUCTION (I)
Growth in passenger car fleet in UE + PND “boom”=>applications beyond navigation possible
Big challenges in the road sector:
– Safety– Infrastructure financing– Congestion and pollution
Different applications
– Road Pricing– Value Added Services: Pay As You Drive (PAYD), info-mobility etc.
Still obstacles for large scale take off of these services
– Large scale GNSS-based Road Pricing technical and economical feasibility not proven yet
– Need to understand benefits related to congestion and pollution management– Need to demonstrate the potential of VAS running on same platform– GPS performances
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 5
INTRODUCTION (II)Electronic Fee Collection systems (urban and highways) are operational today and will be common practice in EU in the future
GNSS is a competitor technology wrt DSRC with clear advantages due to its flexibility and cost-efficiency for wide networks:
– German Toll Collect: today– Dutch national scheme (ABvM) y UK; Congestion Charging in London
and others under definition (France, Sweden, Slovakia...)
Still some questions concerning the large scale deployment of a GNSS-only based road pricing system and other value added services
GINA will address these obstacles and will progress in bringing GNSS-based Road Pricing and VAS a step closer to maturity
GINA will address the adoption of EGNOS/GALILEO in the road sector considering the technical feasibility of the concept on a large scale, its economic viability and positive impacts on congestion and pollution
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 7
THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(I)– GINA: project co-funded by GSA/EC,
FP7 GALILEO Call 1, coordinated by GMV
– Collaborative Project, Activity: Exploiting the full potential, Area: Mass Market Applications, Topic: GALILEO-2007-1.1-01 Innovative GNSS-based Road Applications
– GINA: Collaborative Project 24 months 2.2 M€ (~1.3 M€ funded) 12 partners from 7 countries, whole
value chain coverage
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 8
THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(II) GINA main objectives:
Analysis of the context (legal, regulatory, interoperability, standardisation) of a nation-wide GNSS-based RUC (and VAS on same platform) with especial emphasis on market and business potential aspects for a commercially feasible solution
Trials: implementation of a large-scale demonstrator of GNSS-based Road Pricing at national level and VAS (PAYD for car leasing companies and traffic information generation, modelling and provision) using the Dutch ABvM as a reference
A solid dissemination strategy. Not another proof-of-concept: progress in the adoption of the
use of GNSS (EGNOS, Galileo) in the road sectorEGNOS OBUs calculating positions with integrity (validated in
CLoCCS, ABvM)Demonstration of “real” applications: ABvM and end users (ARVAL)
requirements Proposed solution close to commercialization and subject to be
adopted and replicated in other countries 1 OBU –multiple services
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
THE USE OF INTEGRITY IN ROAD PRICING
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 10
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
THE USE OF GNSS FOR ROAD USER CHARGING
GNSS allows for flexibility and cost-efficiency in large-scale RUC schemes
2 major challenges:
Satellite positioning originally developed for situations where user is assisted by technology – In contrast, a charging scheme less likely to be treated friendly by users
Inherent weaknesses in satellite positioning: in some applications (e.g. navigation) mitigated with human information processing in automated systems (e.g. tolling) legal implications
=>challenge of using navigation grade components for financial grade systems
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 11
CHARGING SCHEMES AND “GEO-OBJECTS”Different Charging Schemes identified (distance based, time-based, zone based….)
GP0
GP1GP2
GP3
GP4
GP5
In all schemes a basic first step is to identify whether the vehicle is using the infrastructure -> “geo object” which, when vehicle is inside, triggers the charging:
Cordon; Virtual Gantry; Segment
Geo-object identification to define total fixed charge (London) or special tariffs(e.g. price per kilometer in the Dutch system)
GNSS (alone or combined with other sensors) is also used in distance based systems (to measure the distance driven)
The Geo-object identification is critical: Incorrect identification can have and impact in the charge computation
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 12
MISSION REQUIREMENTS
What are the numerical values associated to those requirements?
Thus, the basic use of GNSS is to identify whether (and when) the vehicle is within the geo-object. Potential use also as measurement of travelled distance
In this approach two main mission requirements appear:
A high percentage of the vehicles that are within the geo-object have to be identified as such: charging AVAILABILITY
Example of
not fulfilment
Erro
r
Real Position
GNSS Position
Real Position
Example of
not fulfilment
Error
GNSS Position
An extremely low percentage of the vehicles that are not within the geo-object can be identified as within the object: OVERCHARGING probability
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 13
THE REQUIREMENTS (EFC)
No overall consensus
EC EFC documentation reviewed by Expert Group 9 (11/2006):
Charging Availability: “ … geo-objects are guaranteed to be successfully recognised with a success rate of at least 99.99%.”
Overcharging Probability: “False recognition of a geo-object should be less than 1 in 106”
Second one is much more demanding: figure itself and affects a potentially larger population (not the users but all vehicles in the proximity)!!!
System has to be specially designed to satisfy it.
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 14
GPS BASED POSITION ERRORS
GPS has very good average performances but some factors affect the resulting errors:
Ionosphere
Satellite failures:– 15 satellite failures per
year in average– Some of these errors provoke
errors of about 100’s of metres (!) at some European locations.
NLOS Multipath: in urban and semi-urban environments multipath provokes large errors (> 100 m with probability >0.1%)
Interferences (deliberate or non-deliberate) / Spoofing
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 15
SOLUTIONS TO AVOID OVERCHARGING
Error
Specific algorithms needed in the Rxr
Low Cost OBU(<100€)
Avoiding overcharging requires specific mechanisms to compensate large position errors. Two solutions:
ProtectionLevel
Error
POSITION INTEGRITY
Errors are bounded by the computed Protection Level. Large PLs indicate large position uncertainty.
Simple solution. Truly GNSS-only system.
Real position
GNSS solution
Introduction of additional sensors and/or roadside infrastructure: complex and expensive
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 16
APPLICATION OF GNSS TO ROAD CHARGINGVehicle is charged only when inside the geo-object: 1 or more PLs totally inside the geo-object=> geo-fencing based on PLs (not on calculated position)
I-10 OBU (GMV allroad) to be used in GINA will calculate positions with integrity (PLs computation) based on specific algorithms. Additionally all requested functionalities (e.g. Communications, geo-fencing in “fat” and “smart” architectures, etc.)
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
THE GINA PROJECT TRIALS
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 18
THE TRIALS (I)
– Implementation of a large scale demonstrator at national scale (in Netherlands) for RUC and VAS (PAYD for car leasing companies and traffic information generation, modelling and provision)
– 2 levels:
Exhaustive performance analysis: conclusions wrt EGNOS/Galileo performance (as compared with very accurate references) in terms of GNSS performance, distance measurement, GEO objects identification, charging performance, vs. Other systems (GPS or other technologies) [specially end-to-end charging performances as compared with existing requirements of ABvM (mainly charging accuracy and overcharging probability)]
End-to-end performance analysis: an overall assessment of the capabilities of the system from different perspectives and an exhaustive analysis for variables where a reference is not needed.
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 19
THE TRIALS (II)
– Implementation and evaluation of a cost-efficient enforcement mechanism (ANPR)
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
CONCLUSIONS
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES
2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009
Company’s
logo03/09/2009 Page 21
CONCLUSIONS
Great challenges in the road sector: safety, finacing, congestion & pollution
Satellite navigation has advantages wrt other technologies for RUC (flexibility and low cost) but GPS has some weaknesses.
Integrity of position: a flexible and efficient mechanism for correct charging and protection of the user against overcharging
GINA will implement a totally operational large-scale demonstrator of a road pricing (+VAS) scheme in the Netherlands (future ABvM) => main reference for future projects.
Dutch ABvM: much more demanding that Toll Collect or other schemes: all vehicles, all roads => results will be a powerful tool to show GNSS potential to key stakeholders and decision makers (Dutch Government, authorities etc.)
Exhaustive performance analysis
Compliant with European standards, regulatory framework and interoperability guidelines
1 OBU – multiple services
Special emphasis on market potential and business model analysis
GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES