CHAPTER 22Gilded-Age Politics and Agrarian

Revolt

I. ORIGIN OF “GILDED AGE”

Mark Twain

II. PARADOXICAL POLITICS Political Statement Local nature of politics

III. PARTISAN POLITICS City machines Republican party members

characteristics Democratic party members

characteristics

IV. CORRUPTION AND REFORM Most regulations overturned by courts Favors Struggle for clean government

V. HAYES AND CIVIL SERVICE REFORM Uprightness

Rutherford B. Hayes

V. HAYES AND CIVIL SERVICE REFORM Uprightness “Lemonade Lucy”

Lemonade Lucy

V. HAYES AND CIVIL SERVICE REFORM Uprightness “Lemonade Lucy” Stalwarts and Conkling

Roscoe Conkling

V. HAYES AND CIVIL SERVICE REFORM Uprightness “Lemonade Lucy” Stalwarts and Conkling Half-breeds and Blaine

James G. Blaine

V. HAYES AND CIVIL SERVICE REFORM Uprightness “Lemonade Lucy” Stalwarts and Conkling Half-breeds and Blaine Merit System Federal customs houses New Replacements Vision of Government

VI. GARFIELD AND ARTHUR Campaign of 1880

ConklingStalwarts

GarfieldRepublicans

HancockDemocrats

WINNER!

VI. GARFIELD AND ARTHUR Campaign of 1880 July 2, 1881

Charles Guiteau

VI. GARFIELD AND ARTHUR Campaign of 1880 July 2, 1881 President Arthur

Chester A. Arthur

VI. GARFIELD AND ARTHUR Campaign of 1880 July 2, 1881 President Arthur Arthur’s Administration

VI. GARFIELD AND ARTHUR Campaign of 1880 July 2, 1881 President Arthur Arthur’s Administration 1884 Presidential Campaign

Election of 1884

James G. BlaineRepublican Stephen Cleveland

Democrat

WINNER!

VII. CLEVELAND AND THE SPECIAL INTERESTS Mixed Record on civil service Railroad regulation ICC

VIII. THE TARIFF ISSUE Cleveland’s opinions and actions Election of 1888

Election 1888

IX. REPUBLICAN REFORMS UNDER HARRISON

X. THE FARM PROBLEM AND AGRARIAN PROTEST MOVEMENTS Unrest, struggles, problems Unification problems

XI. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Money Railroads Debt Tariffs

XII. THE GRANGER MOVEMENT Origins of purpose for the Grange

The Grange.

XII. THE GRANGER MOVEMENT Origins of purpose for the Grange Political third parties Munn v. Illinois Decline of Granger movement Greenback Party

XIII. FARMERS’ ALLIANCE

XIV. FARM POLITICS

Mary Elizabeth Lease (1853-1933)

“sockless” Jerry Simpson

XV. THE POPULIST PART AND THE ELECTION OF 1892 Platforms

Grover ClevelandDemocrat

Benjamin HarrisonRepublican

XV. THE POPULIST PART AND THE ELECTION OF 1892 Platforms Election of 1892

XVI. AN INADEQUATE CURRENCY Deflation

XVII. DEPRESSION OF 1893 Reading Railroad Problems for farmers

XVIII. SILVERITES VS. GOLDBUGS

XIX. THE ELECTION OF 1896

William McKinleyRepublican

William Jennings BryanDemocrat

Election of 1896

XX. A NEW ERA Dingley Tariff Global Concerns Progressive reforms

XX. A NEW ERA Dingley Tariff Global Concerns Progressive reforms