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Transcript of Gigabit Ethernet Pace University DCS 834 Presented by Team 1: Stella Konstantinou, Jonus Gerrits...
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet
Pace University DCS 834Pace University DCS 834
Presented by Team 1:Presented by Team 1:
Stella Konstantinou, Jonus GerritsStella Konstantinou, Jonus Gerrits
Meg Broderick, Rigoberto DiazMeg Broderick, Rigoberto Diaz
March 22, 2002March 22, 2002
Gigabit EthernetGigabit EthernetAgendaAgenda
IntroductionIntroduction S. KonstantinouS. Konstantinou ApplicationsApplications
• Services Services • Comparison with Other TechnologyComparison with Other Technology• Gigabit Ethernet - The FutureGigabit Ethernet - The Future
How Does It Work? How Does It Work? J. GerritsJ. Gerrits• Physical LayerPhysical Layer• MAC LayerMAC Layer
QuestionsQuestions
Gigabit EthernetGigabit EthernetIntroductionIntroduction
IEEE Standards approved in 1998/99IEEE Standards approved in 1998/99• Fiber :Fiber : 1000BaseLX and 1000Base SX1000BaseLX and 1000Base SX• Copper: Copper: 1000BaseT and 1000BaseCX1000BaseT and 1000BaseCX
Benefits:Benefits:• Preserves Ethernet simplicityPreserves Ethernet simplicity• Uses installed base and skillsUses installed base and skills• Incremental implementationIncremental implementation• Connect segmentsConnect segments• Best price performanceBest price performance
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet ApplicationsApplications
Transparent LAN Service:Transparent LAN Service:• LAN-to-LAN connects at native speeds & LAN-to-LAN connects at native speeds &
protocols.protocols. Server Switching:Server Switching:
• Highly Optimized to support server farmHighly Optimized to support server farm• Uses layers 3 & 4 for load-balancingUses layers 3 & 4 for load-balancing• ““NIC-bypass” eliminates Ethernet NIC-bypass” eliminates Ethernet
framing between server and switchframing between server and switch
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet ApplicationsApplications
(more)(more)
MAN Trunking: MAN Trunking: • Point-to-point high speed trunking to Point-to-point high speed trunking to
hosting providers, storage providers and hosting providers, storage providers and between data centers. between data centers.
• Aggregates several (to 8) switch-server or Aggregates several (to 8) switch-server or switch-switch links into one fat logical pipeswitch-switch links into one fat logical pipe
• Burns through bottlenecks caused by Burns through bottlenecks caused by difference in LAN/WAN transmission difference in LAN/WAN transmission speedsspeeds
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet ApplicationsApplications
(more)(more)
WAN Connectivity: WAN Connectivity: • Long-haul linking metro areas/LANsLong-haul linking metro areas/LANs• Generally Improves QoS Generally Improves QoS
– Regulating timing of latencyRegulating timing of latency– Minimizing jittery video and audio delaysMinimizing jittery video and audio delays
However, ATM better forHowever, ATM better for::• Backbone applicationsBackbone applications• Client connections needing specialized QoSClient connections needing specialized QoS
– E.g., Medical imagingE.g., Medical imaging
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet ApplicationsApplications
(more)(more)
High Speed Internet Access High Speed Internet Access • Improves EfficiencyImproves Efficiency
– Less overhead than ATMLess overhead than ATM– SONET SONET
– Statistical multiplexing not supportedStatistical multiplexing not supported– Complex protocol: expensive Complex protocol: expensive
• Guarantees QoS requirementsGuarantees QoS requirements– E.g., Bandwidth, Priority ControlE.g., Bandwidth, Priority Control
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet The Future The Future
10 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet • IEEE 802.3ae in Final ReviewsIEEE 802.3ae in Final Reviews• No CopperNo Copper• By 2004, 2M+ Ports expected By 2004, 2M+ Ports expected
– $4B in sales of storage apps and Ethernet$4B in sales of storage apps and Ethernet
100 Gigabit Ethernet100 Gigabit Ethernet• A-8800 Optical Ethernet Metro Core A-8800 Optical Ethernet Metro Core
SwitchSwitch• IEEE Standard Being ProposedIEEE Standard Being Proposed
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet The Future The Future
Infrastructure ImplicationsInfrastructure Implications• Faster Speed - Same CablingFaster Speed - Same Cabling
– Needs to be tested Needs to be tested – About 10% of Cat 5 cable fails standardsAbout 10% of Cat 5 cable fails standards
• Optical Ethernet NetworksOptical Ethernet Networks– Router to RouterRouter to Router– Host to NetworkHost to Network
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet
How Does It How Does It Work?Work?
Gigabit EthernetGigabit EthernetHow Does It Work?How Does It Work?
Uses Ethernet StandardsUses Ethernet Standards Full Duplex Full Duplex
• Simultaneous data transmission & Simultaneous data transmission & receptionreception
CSMA/CD modifiedCSMA/CD modified– Carrier Extension to change propagation delayCarrier Extension to change propagation delay– Frame Bursting to allow multiple consecutive Frame Bursting to allow multiple consecutive
short packets without giving up control of short packets without giving up control of signaling and channelsignaling and channel
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet How Does It Work?How Does It Work?
Pause protocolPause protocol• Asymmetric flow controlAsymmetric flow control• Auto negotiation protocolAuto negotiation protocol
8B/10B Encoding8B/10B Encoding• Encodes 8-bit data bytes from GMII to Encodes 8-bit data bytes from GMII to
10-bit code groups10-bit code groups• Serial Serial • Uses NRZ codingUses NRZ coding
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet How Does It Work?How Does It Work?
Physical Links:Physical Links:• Optical fiberOptical fiber
– 10 micron single-mode - campus 10 micron single-mode - campus backbonebackbone
– 62.5 micron multimode - building 62.5 micron multimode - building backbonebackbone
• Copper cablingCopper cabling• Unshielded twisted pairUnshielded twisted pair
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet How Does It Work?How Does It Work?
Distance:Distance:• 25 Meters for 150 ohm25 Meters for 150 ohm
Slot Time:Slot Time:• 4096 bit times4096 bit times
Interframe gap:Interframe gap:• .096 µsec vs 9.6 µsec for 10 Mbps.096 µsec vs 9.6 µsec for 10 Mbps
Burst LimitBurst Limit• 8192 bits8192 bits
Protocol Layers Addressed In IEEE 802.3
Source: http://computer.org/Internet/v1n5/tollya.htm
Protocol Layers Addressed In IEEE 802.3
Source: http://computer.org/Internet/v1n5/tollya.htm
MAC Layer IMAC Layer I Throughput marginally better than Fast Throughput marginally better than Fast
EthernetEthernet
Why?Why?
Uses a bigger slot size of 512 bytes to Uses a bigger slot size of 512 bytes to maintain Ethernet compliant. –min/max maintain Ethernet compliant. –min/max frame sizes.frame sizes.
Frame size remains but “carrier event” is Frame size remains but “carrier event” is extended.extended.
LLC is not aware of extension – It is removed LLC is not aware of extension – It is removed before the FCS is checked by receiverbefore the FCS is checked by receiver
MAC Layer IIMAC Layer II Increase Throughput – Packet BurstingIncrease Throughput – Packet Bursting
How?How?
Pad first packet to the slot time Pad first packet to the slot time • ––if necessary, with carrier extensionif necessary, with carrier extension
Transmit subsequent packets Transmit subsequent packets back to back with minimum Inter-back to back with minimum Inter-packet gap (IPG) until a burst packet gap (IPG) until a burst timer (1500 bytes) expires.timer (1500 bytes) expires.
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet
Any Any
Questions?Questions?
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet
Thank Thank
You!You!