Giel vanhoutte

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Reflectienota eindproject

Academiejaar 2013-2014LUCA kuleuven departement architectuur campus gent

Giel Vanhoutte

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LOCATIONFLOODINGROMANTICISMCONTRASTMATERIALSSTUCTURE

Contents

Contents

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LocationFor the location of the eco-museum a site was chosen that has a relevant connection to the surrounding envi-ronment. The unique characteristics of the location add undeniable value to the concept of the eco-museum.

Since the focus of the eco-museum is placed on the Rhine landscape and its various facets, it should be ex-amined how the placement of the museum may play a part in the experience and educational value it offers.

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Location

1 The location of the eco museum at the camping site

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Qualities investiga-tion, it is necessary to analyze the site and decompose it to see �Ì½Ã�Li�iwÌÃ°

Because the program of an eco-museum has a pronounced focus on the landscape, there is a need for a strong link with the surrounding environment. The site near the swim-ming pool does not have the ideal context for an eco-museum: While it is an easy to reach site, next to the city of Koblenz and close to the shore of the river Mosel, the surround-ings consist of apartment blocks, stores, and a school. This context is not in need of an eco-muse-um. And neither does the eco-museum ask for

this kind of surrounding. Rather, it would be better served by a more natural environment. The expo of the eco-museum doesn’t need to be limited to the interior of the museum but needs the possibility of an outside expo too. For this kind of museum, it may well be crucial.This leaves us the choice between the location next to the Ehrenbreitstein fortress or the camp site. However, the site next to the Ehrenbreistein fortress already has a lot of expo-sitional functions and is a À>Ì�iÀ�w��Ã�i`�Ã�Ìi]�Ü��V��

has no need for more functions. One of the best qualities the location near the fortress offers is the splendid view on the Eiffel. This is compensated for at the camp site by both a close view of the Mosel and the Rhine, and a view of the city of Koblenz. From the camp site, one can spot some interest-ing historical elements of the city, like the fortress, the Deutsches Eck, and the Balduin Bridge, which is the oldest bridge of Koblenz.

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The best aspect of the camping site is that it per-mits close contact to the Rhine. The Rhine and the ��Ãi��>Ài�À>Ì�iÀ�`�vwVÕ�Ì�to reach in the area of Koblenz. The camping site forms a rare exception to this situation. Here, the riv-er is reachable, and can be touched, seen and smelled from up-close. People could even dab their feet in the water at the shore of the Rhine. While the rest of the shores in the area are steep, with hard borders that cut the people off from the water. The transi-

tion from water to shore in this location is much more gradual. This will give visitors of the museum the chance to really come in contact with the water.

Another important feature �v�Ì�i�«�>Vi��Ã�Ì�i�y��`��}�that occasionally occurs on the site. This creates a unique interaction be-tween the museum and the river, but creates the need for the museum to be completely adapted Ì��Ì�i�y��`�Ã�ÌÕ>Ì��°�This need and interac-Ì��ÃÌÀ��}�Þ�`iw�iÃ�Ì�i�

concept of the museum LÕ��`��}°�/�i�y��`��}�Ü��also leave physical marks on the building, creating a strong, direct relation between the ecosystem and museum. These two aspects would greatly add to the sensorial experience that the visitors will have when visiting the eco-museum.

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Flooding

There are different approaches possible in order to cope

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Flooding

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Overstroming koblenzDoor stijgende temperaturen, na weken van sneeuw, en de combinatie van zware regenval Januarie 10, 2011

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The waterside seems an interesting location for new property. Buildings next to the water can be sold for a relatively higher cost than average. Building next to the water seems like a safe investment and building promoters often build luxurious apartments close to the waterside. These projects are often linked to an impressive publicity campaign. Renderings of the building lure inves-tors and buyers are often tempted with a view of nearby water. Living close to the water is popular.

But for most people living next to water is a different reality.In many places dikes have been constructed to secure Ì�i�y��`Ã°��ÜiÛiÀ]�Ì��Ã�just relocates the problem. By enclosing rivers and Ì�ÕÃ�Ài`ÕV��}�y��`�À�Ã�Ã�on that certain place, the water is concentrated in a limited area. It follows that Ì�i�Ü>ÌiÀ�Ü��y��`��>�different location and the water level will even rise in comparison before the enclosure by dikes.

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There are a few strategies landscape architects can use to tackle the problem �v�y��`�À�Ã�Ã��>��ÕÀL>��context.Resistance strategy:This approach against the rising water level mostly concerns dams and devia-tions. But it also contains ��}��Þ�V��ÌÀ��i`�y��`��}�areas, depoldering, sluices, canalizing rivers and more. ,iÃ�ÃÌ>�ViÃ�>��>Ì�y��`�prevention. But this is often a short-term way where the constant desire for iV��V�Li�iwÌ�V>ÕÃi`�certain environmental

V��`�Ì��Ã�Ì��Li��`�wi`�according to these needs, without thinking about the further consequences in time and other locations. With the rise of water levels from climate change the resistant systems have shown their limits. They have their safety risks; pre-vent new possibilities and further advantages. Often these systems don’t make �«Ì��>��ÕÃi��v�Ì�i�Li�iwÌÃ�of the water. It is not smart to exclude the resistance approach because for years rivers have been trans-formed from wild rivers to a

habitable and controllable places that supply house-holds a place for living near to them. But the resistance approach has reached its limit and gives a false feel-ing of safety. For example, when a dike is breached >�`�>��Õ�V��ÌÀ��i`�y��`�occurs the damage will be much bigger than a system that can anticipate possible y��`Ã°

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Resilience strategy:Searching for new solutions against natural hazards are to be sought: a rethinking of risks, hazards and threats (opportunity-wise), and how to counter them.‘Eco-systems are self-or-ganizing, open, cyclic, and dynamic systems, marked by often sudden, unpre-dictable change. In an eco-system where localized y��`��}��Ã�>�Ãi>Ã��>��LÕÌ�not precisely predictable occurrence, park design can accommodate several momentary habitats that appear and disappear

L>Ãi`��yÕVÌÕ>Ì��}�Ü>ÌiÀ�levels, with minimal man-agement interventions.’ (LISTER, 2007).For Lister, the emphasis should go to adaptive (rath-er than suppressive) strate-gies. The ability of ecosys-tems to recover, reorganize, and adapt in the face of regular change, rather than stability, is critical to their survival. The essence of this primordial ability is resil-ience. An ecosystem has the ability to buffer itself from being pushed into a less reliable state and to regenerate itself following

a systematic shift or other disturbance. Since we can-not predict how ecosystems will evolve and behave, and since complex ecosys-tems are unpredictable, we should move away from a deterministic approach of planning in which certainty and a designed end-state is envisioned, in the knowl-edge that we cannot de-termine the consequences of our actions. Accepting this change and using it as an opportunity for design means that another approach could be that de-sign searches to accommo-

date change, by creating a yiÝ�L�i�>�`�>`>«Ì>L�i�V��-text in which processes can take place. Lister proposes using a range of different approaches, which are safe-to-fail, as in practice little is known about design for change. But failures to predict could also lead to a new state in which the sys-tem would enter and might not be a liability in terms of self-organizing itself against perturbations.

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Acceptance: In the accept-

ance approached people

learn to adapt their behav-

ior to the situation. It is not

>L�ÕÌ�w�`��}�Ã��ÕÌ��Ã�v�À�

Ì�i�y��`��}�LÕÌ�VÀi>Ì��}�

a environment that is ideal

Ì��>ì«Ì�Ì��Ì�i�y��`Ã�>�`�

coop with it. We cloud

think about the palaces in

Venice where the ground

y��À��Ã�ºy��`»�«À��v°�/�i�

Ü>ÌiÀ�V>��ÕÃÌ�y��`��Ã�ì�

whiteout creating too much

damage. This however

requires a change of mind

and people while learn to

deal with the water and the

fact that they will have to

wear boots.

It seems that 3 different

approaches, resistance,

resilience and accept-

ance (adaptation), will

be needed to solve the

complexity of realities

along the river Rhein to its

maximum extent. Maximiz-

ing resilience will have the

advantage that the existing

>�`�Ã�Ìi�Ã«iV�wV��ÌÃ�V>��

be explored, and which

w�>��Þ�V�Õ�`��i>`�Ì��>��iÃÃ�

stringent relation with wa-

ter. When constructing sub-

L>Ã��Ã��iiì`�v�À�y��`�

risks, planning is needed in

terms of creating topogra-

phy (dikes, landforms), new

vegetation and water land-

scape and how time can be

used to intensify relations

with water.

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Diffrent design aproachesResilicent and resistance aproache

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< Flooding zone in the masterplanv Studie of the diffrent water levels

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Resistance approach. This

will lead to an introverted

building. However it is

�iÃÃiÀÞ�Ì��w}ÕÀ��}��ÕÌ��Ü�

to deal with the views and

��}�Ì��w�ÌÀ>Ì��¶

Resilience approach. This

approach mostly consist in

increasing the height of the

LÕ��`��}Ã�}À�Õ�`�y��À�LÞ�

colums. It is a logical ap-

proach but what to do with

Ã«>Vi�Õ�`iÀ�Ì�i�LÕ��`��}Ã¶

Acceptance Acceptance

The water can run freely

into the building. Here the

question is maily how to

design a space that won’t

Li�`>�>}i`�LÞ�Ì�i�y��`°

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Studie of the difrent ap-

proaches on the level of the

building.

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The romantic landscape

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Flood KoblenzBecause of rising tem-peratures, after weeks of snow, and the combination of heavy rainfall (Januarie 10, 2011)

Romanticism still affects the way we think about the world today. The roots of romanticism lie between 1760 and 1830. It was the period of the Industrial Revolution, characterised by a tremendous economic but also social change. On these fundaments there was a vast movement toward democracy , ac-companied by the birth of patriotic sentiment and the }��À�wV>Ì��v�Ì�i��>Ì��state. The period was also characterized by a rapid enlargement of cities. By contrast, these changes

made people turn towards >�ºÀ��>�Ì�V��`i��}Þ»�>�`�yii��Ì��>ÌÕÀi°

Fleeing into nature is one of the temptations of the shores of a large river. The site, on the shore of the Rhine near Koblenz is cut off by the river from the city, and by the allotments on the other side. It is a rather secluded place. This location could be used by the people of Koblenz to seek refuge from the bus-tle of the city and to enjoy the tranquility and the view of nature around the

river. In addition, the site also provided a reminder of the history of the place: the Deutche Eck and the fortress Ehrenbreitstein dominated the view, which made people nostalgic for the past. Drawing on the philosophy of Rousseau, it is a landscape of idealized sentiment in which set-piece scenes elicit a certain emotional response.

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In terms of actual landscape design theory, we can look to C C L Hirschfeld’s work, Theorie der Gartenkunst, published between 1779 and 1785, in which he provides an entirely new perspective on the garden as a moral force in society. º��>��ÀÃV�vi�`�>��}>À`i��we may recognize the con-ÌÀ�LÕÌ��v�>ÀÌ�wV�>��ÃÌÀÕV-tures, or a picturesquely planted group of trees, but eventually nature should prevail. Such a garden can-not be surveyed from any one vantage. It demands that we move through its

ÃVi�iÃ°»

/�i�Ü�À��v��ÀÃV�vi�`��yÕ-enced Goethe, who was one of the most important writers of that time and wrote many romantic nov-els. In Goethe’s 1809 novel Die Wahlverwandtschaften the action takes place in a garden in which the author’s personal knowledge of the principles of landscape design is evident. The story takes place in secluded spots, but also on locations with expansive views.

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��>��7��v}>�}�Û��iÌ�i]� �iVÌ�Ûi�Ƃvw��Ì�iÃ]�ÌÀ>�Ã°�,°��°��`>�i��>À-mondsworth, 1971)

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1 Ecomuseum 2 Viewing Platform 3 Point Education 4 Recreational platform 5 involve neighborhood 6 Increased walk7 Event area8 Floodplane9 Play forrest

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Contrast

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Contrast

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/�iÃi�Ã«iV�wV�â��iÃ�Ü��create an ideal setting for a museum. There are areas that focus on the outside view and areas that instead focus on the exposition objects or have dark rooms, reserved for video projection.The expo will start with an introduction. After this point the visitor will have the choice between the upper area or the down-stairs expo area. On the wÀÃÌ�y��À�Ã�i�Ü��i�-counter more information related to the landscape, >�`�w�`�>��LÃiÀÛ>Ì��

deck with place to sit down and enjoy the view. "��Ì�i�i�`��v�Ì�i�wÀÃÌ�y��À�>Ài�>�ÌiÀÀ>Vi�>�`�>��outside expo space. This is in strong contrast with Ì�i�}À�Õ�`�y��À]�Ü��V��only has zenithal light. On Ì��Ã�y��À�Üi��ÃÌ�Þ��>Ûi�object tables and video projection rooms. But also a small dark enclosed space for minerals etc. There is also a space for an interactive expo.

"��ViÀÌ>��«�>ViÃ�Ì�i�y��À�is penetrated to create double heights. In these

rooms there should be placed special objects like a landscape model of Koblenz. The visitor will encounter the object twice during his visit, at ground y��À��iÛi��iÞi��i�}�Ì�and from top view on the wÀÃÌ�y��À°

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Infopanelen 1: Intro

Infopanelen 2: Landschap

Terras

Buiten Expo : Vegetatie

Acceptance gebied

Mineralen en Gesteente

Nieuwe Media

Projectie Ruimte 2

Projectie Ruimte 1

Object tafels

Omgevings

Landschaps toelichting

Info Panelen 3: Landschap

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Materials and techniques

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Materials and techniques

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Gartmann House, Chur, 2004 Pat-rick Gartmann. Walls made of one monolitic material

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The ground level is con-structed as a monolithic volume to cope with the y��`Ã°��/�i�y��À��iÛi��Ã�designed to be a mas-sive concrete volume that stands like a ruin with only zenithal light entering the }À�Õ�`�y��À°�Þ��>�-ing the lower part of the building from one material the concept of the build-ing gets emphasized. To guaranty thermal qualities the choice of material went to lightweight aggre-gates concrete (LWAC). It has been widely ap-plied because of its many

advantages such as low density, good thermal in-ÃÕ�>Ì��>�`�wÀi�ÀiÃ�ÃÌ>�Vi°�However, literature shows a great variation regard-ing both mechanical and thermal properties.

This monolithic concrete structure concept leads to cost saving, due to the exemption of extra insula-tion installations, and to sustainability, as the mono-lithic structure will ensure a relatively easy mainte-nance requirement and it is much easier to recycle. A study of the university of

Eindhoven shows:U�/�i��7Ƃ�Ã��ÜÃ�>�Ón�day compressive strength higher than 10 N/mm2, and a thermal conductivity of about 0.12 W/(m·K); U�/�i�`iÛi��«i`��7Ƃ�shows an excellent durabil-ity in terms of water per-meability under pressure.

lightweight aggregates concrete

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If we compare the thermal conductivity of LWAC (0,04 W/(m.K)) to that of glass wool insulation (0,04 W/(m.K)):

When we’d take 20 cm insulation:R=20cm/0,04=500

If we’d want the same insu-lating properties this brings us to a section of 60cm LWACL=500*0,12=60cm

Concrete walls of 60 cm are pretty thick, but this is actu->��Þ�>�Li�iwÌ�LiV>ÕÃi��v�

the water pressure during y��`�Ãi>Ã��Ã°�/�i�V�ÃÌ�Ü��be reduced because of the single material used in the construction. As an added Li�iwÌ]�Ã��Vi�Ì�iÀi��Ã��need for insulation, nor for the use of plastics, the building is more ecological.

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Concerning the water resistance, a study on sam-ples of LWAC on which wa-ter penetration tests have been performed shows that although the designed ultra-lightweight concrete has a very high porosity, the permeability to water under the pressure of 5 bars dur-ing 72 h is very low.

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The glass volume on top of the building is in need of an additional cooling system during the summer period. Designing a build-ing integrated evapora-tive cooling system in combination with the large glass-covered space is a complex process. For the eco-museum a method is proposed that consists of maintaining a Ì��Ü>ÌiÀ�w��ÃÕ«iÀ�hydrophilic TiO2-coated building surfaces to reduce the surface temperatures trough the release of latent heat due to evaporation

of water. The lower surface temperatures contribute to the reduction of indoor air temperature since the intensity of heat transfer through the cold surface is reduced.Evaporative cooling is based on the thermody-namics of evaporation of water, i.e. the change of the liquid phase of water into water vapour. This phase change requires en-ergy, which is called latent heat. This is the energy required to change a sub-stance from liquid phase to the gaseous one without

temperature change.The TiO2-coating technol-ogy has made it possible Ì��>��Ì>��>�Ì��w��v�water on transparent sur-faces of buildings.Evaporative cooling is clos-er to nature than might be expected. When we have a look at the human body while this body is warmed Õ«�Ì�i��>�Ì��w��v�Ü>ÌiÀ�is formed on the human skin due to perspiration.

water evaporative cooling system

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Despite this cooling method, the temperatures in the large glass-covered space could still rise to val-ues which are incompatible with an acceptable thermal environment. Additional cooling devices would thus still be necessary, but the reduction on the building-cooling load could be 15%.A second, more aesthetic Li�iwÌ��v�Ì�i�iÛ>«�À>Ì�Ûi�cooling system is that the light falling through the roof would create a certain ÌiÝÌÕÀi��Ì�i�y��À��v�Ì�i�expo spaces, not unlike the play of light on the bottom �v�>�À�ÛiÀ°�/��Ã�wÌÃ��Ì�i�concept of this eco-muse-um and its relation with the Rhine.

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Strucuture

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Structure

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1 Glazen dak met geïntegreerde waterkoeling� �>��Li`i�Ì��iÌ�/�"Ó�V�>Ì��}��Ü>ÌiÀw�ÌiÀ�Ìi�VÀiiÀi�� ,>�i��i��`>��>v}iÜiÀ�Ì��iÌ��Ì�Û�i}�i��iÌ�â�V�ÌL>>À�«À�wi��

2 Gegalvaniseerd stalen vakwerk (overspanning 10m, hoogte vakwerk 1m, h.o.h afstand 2,5 m) IPE 240 ligger om horizontale windkrachten op te vangen Verankering in betonnen structuur

3 Betonnen vloerplaat waar instalaties in vervat zitten Zwevende betonnen plaat op zwaluwstaart platen� ��}iÜiÀ�Ì�À>>�«À�wi��iÌ�Ã«Õ�ÌiÀÌ�i Lichte constrocties uit hout waar hoger comfort temperatuur vereist is

4 Massieve sokkel uit thermische isolerend beton Fundering en grondplaat uit stortbeton Paalfundieringen

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