Giao Trinh Thiet Ke Mang LanWan

8/6/2019 Giao Trinh Thiet Ke Mang LanWan

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CNG CHI TIT

GIO TRNH

THIT K V XY DNG MNGLAN V WAN

H ni, 3/2004


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VIN KHOA HC V CNG NGH VIT NAMVIN CNG NGH THNG TIN

CNG CHI TIT

GIO TRNH

THIT K V XY DNG MNG LAN V WAN

Phn 1. Tng quan v mng my tnh.1.1Kin thc c bn v mng my tnh.

Khi nim c bn v mng my tnho S lc lch s mng my tnhGii thiu qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin mng my tnh theo tng giai on:

S pht minh ra my tnh in t Cc h thng mng x l tp trung nhng nm 60-70.

S hnh thnh mng ngang hng, cc lin mng nhng nm 70-80. Qu trnh ra i mng Internet ton cu ngy nay.

o nh ngha mng my tnh Mng my tnh l mt tp hp cc my tnh c ni vi nhau bi ng

truyn theo mt cu trc no v thng qua cc my tnh trao ithng tin qua li cho nhau.

Nhng u im ca mng my tnh. Phn bit cc loi mng

o Phn loi mng my tnh theo vng a l GAN (Global Area Network) kt ni my tnh t cc chu lc khc nhau.

Thng thng kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua mng vin thng v vtinh.

WAN (Wide Area Network) - Mng din rng, kt ni my tnh trong nib cc quc gia hay gia cc quc gia trong cng mt chu lc. Thngthng kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua mng vin thng. Cc WANc th c kt ni vi nhau thnh GAN hay t n l GAN.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)kt ni cc my tnh trong phm vi mtthnh ph. Kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua cc mi trng truynthng tc cao (50-100 Mbit/s).

LAN (Local Area Network) - Mng cc b, kt ni cc my tnh trong mtkhu vc bn knh hp thng thng khong vi trm mt. Kt ni cthc hin thng qua cc mi trng truyn thng tc cao v d cp ngtrc thay cp quang. LAN thng c s dng trong ni b mt cquan/t chc...Cc LAN c th c kt ni vi nhau thnh WAN.

o Phn loi mng my tnh theo tp Mng dng hnh sao (Star topology). Mng hnh tuyn (Bus Topology).

Mng dng vng (Ring Topology). Mng dng kt hp.

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o Phn loi mng theo chc nng Mng ngang hng Mng Client-Server Mng kt hp.

Phn bit mng LAN-WANo a phng hot ng

Mng LAN s dng trong mt khu vc a l nh. Mng WAN cho php kt ni cc my tnh cc khu vc a l khc nhau,

trn mt phm vi rng.o Tc kt ni v t l li bit

Mng LAN c tc kt ni v tin cy cao. Mng WAN c tc kt ni khng th qu cao m bo t l li bit c

th chp nhn c.o Phng thc truyn thng,o Gi thnh s dng.

M hnh phn tng OSIo Khi nim giao thc

Giao thc l nhng nguyn tc, th tc iu khin s giao tip v tng tcgia cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau.

Chng giao thc l s kt hp cc giao thc. Chng giao thc c kin trc phn tng: mi tng m trch mt chc nng

ca h thng trong qu trnh truyn thng.o S cn thit ca m hnh truyn thng chun ha

Nhiu hng khc nhau pht trin m hnh truyn thng ring vi chnggiao thc ring. M hnh truyn thng chun ha s cho php kt ni lin mng gia cc

my tnh ca nhiu hng khc nhau.o M hnh truyn thng chun ha OSI

M hnh chun ha OSI c a ra bi t chc Tiu chun Quc t ISO( International Standard Organization).

M hnh ny c kin trc 7 tng. Chc nng c th tng tng v s phi hp hot ng gia cc tng.

Mt s b giao thc kt ni mngo TCP/IP

u th chnh ca b giao thc ny l kh nng lin kt hot ng ca nhiuloi my tnh khc nhau.

TCP/IP tr thnh tiu chun thc t cho kt ni lin mng cng nh ktni Internet ton cu.

o NetBEUI B giao thc nh, nhanh v hiu qu c cung cp theo cc sn phm ca

hng IBM, cng nh s h tr ca Microsoft. Bt li chnh ca b giao thc ny l khng h tr nh tuyn v s dng

gii hn mng da vo Microsoft.o IPX/SPX

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y l b giao thc s dng trong mng Novell. u th: nh, nhanh v hiu qu trn cc mng cc b ng thi h tr kh

nng nh tuyn.o DECnet

y l b giao thc c quyn ca hng Digital Equipment Corporation. DECnet nh ngha m hnh truyn thng qua mng LAN, mng MAN vWAN. H tr kh nng nh tuyn.

1.2 B giao thc TCP/IP. Khi nim v b giao thc TCP/IP

o Tng quan v TCP/IP TCP/IP l b giao thc cho php kt ni cc h thng mng khng ng

nht vi nhau. Ngy nay, TCP/IP c s dng rng ri trong cc mng cc b cng nh

trn mng Internet ton cu.

Kin trc b giao thc TCP/IPo Kin trc 4 tng ca TCP/IP

Tng lin kt d liu Tng mng Tng giao vn Tng ng dng

o Nguyn tc hot ng chung ca b giao thc. Giao thc IP

o Vai tr v chc nng c bn ca tng IPo

Kin trc a ch IP Kin trc 5 lp a ch IP, phm vi s dng v vic cp pht ca tng lpa ch.

a ch IP khng phn lp: nhu cu hnh thnh v vic s dng hin nay. Gii thiu s b v a ch IPv6.

o Nguyn l hot ng ca giao thc IP Cu trc ca phn tiu gi IP, ngha ca tng trng c th. Nguyn l truyn v nhn gi IP trn mng.

o Nguyn tc nh tuyn Trnh by cu trc v ngha ca bng nh tuyn. Gii thiu mt s giao thc nh tuyn.

Giao thc UDP v giao thc TCPo Chc nng c bn ca tng giao vn trong b TCP/IP

Khi nim cng v socket. S dng khi nim socket m t qu trnh truyn thng gia 2 my tnh. Gii thiu mt s cng ni ting cho mt s dch v c bn.

o Nguyn l hot ng ca giao thc UDP UDP cung cp dch v truyn d liu khng lin kt v khng tin cy. Nguyn l hot ng ca UDP: khng cn qu trnh thit lp v kt thc kt

ni. Khng c cc c ch phc p, kim sot tc nghn...o Nguyn l hot ng ca TCP

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TCP cung cp dch v truyn d liu c lin kt v tin cy. Nguyn l hot ng:

TCP cn thit lp kt ni trc khi truyn d liu S dng c ch phc p xc nhn vic nhn ng. Qua c th

kim sot mt d liu, kim sot lung trong qu trnh truyn. Gii thiu mt s giao thc tng ng dng trong b giao thc TCP/IPo Giao thc FTPo Giao thc Telneto Giao thc POPo Giao thc SMTP

Gii thiu mt s dch v c bn:o Dch v WWWo Dch v th in t (E-mail)o Dch v truyn fileo Dch v DNS

1.3 An ninh mng. Tng quan v an ninh mng, S cn thit ca an ninh mng, Xc nh cc thc th cn c bo v, Xy dng chnh sch an ninh mng, Cc m hnh an ninh, Cc cng c thc hin, Minh ho.

1.4 Kt lun

. Phn 2. Mng LAN v thit k mng LAN2.1 Kin thc c bn v LAN2.1.1 Cc khi nim c bn v LAN.

Cu trc ca mng (hay tp ca mng m qua th hin cch ni cc mng mytnh vi nhau ra sao).

o Mng dng hnh sao (Star topology). Mng dng hnh sao bao gm mt trung tm v cc nt thng tin. Cc nt

thng tin l cc trm u cui, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc ca mng.

Trung tm ca mng iu phi mi hot ng trong mng. Cc u im ca mng hnh sao: Hot ng theo nguyn l ni song song

nn nu c mt thit b no mt nt thng tin b hng th mng vnhot ng bnh thng. Cu trc mng n gin v cc thut ton iukhin n nh. Mng c th m rng hoc thu hp tu theo yu cu cangi s dng.

o Mng hnh tuyn (Bus Topology). Theo cch b tr hnh lang, my ch (host) cng nh tt c cc my tnh

khc (workstation) hoc cc nt (node) u c ni v vi nhau trn mttrc ng dy cp chnh chuyn ti tn hiu.

Tt c cc nt u s dng chung ng dy cp chnh ny. Pha hai udy cp c bt bi mt thit b gi l terminator. Cc tn hiu v gi d

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liu (packet) khi di chuyn ln hoc xung trong dy cp u mang theoi ch ca ni n.

Loi hnh mng ny dng dy cp t nht, d lp t. Tuy vy cng cnhng bt li l s c s n tc giao thng khi di chuyn d liu vi lulng ln v khi c s hng hc on no th rt kh pht hin, mts ngng trn ng dy sa cha s ngng ton b h thng.

o Mng dng vng (Ring Topology). Mng dng ny, b tr theo dng xoay vng, ng dy cp c thit k

lm thnh mt vng khp kn, tn hiu chy quanh theo mt chiu no .Cc nt truyn tn hiu cho nhau mi thi im ch c mt nt m thi.D liu truyn i phi c km theo a ch c th ca mi trm tip nhn.

Mng dng vng c thun li l c th ni rng ra xa, tng ng dy cnthit t hn so vi hai kiu trn. Nhc im l ng dy phi khp kn,

nu b ngt mt ni no th ton b h thng cng b ngng.o Mng dng kt hp. Kt hp hnh sao v tuyn (star/Bus Topology): Cu hnh mng dng ny

c b phn tch tn hiu (spitter) gi vai tr thit b trung tm, h thngdy cp mng c th chn hocRing Topology hocLinear Bus Topology.Li im ca cu hnh ny l mng c th gm nhiu nhm lm vic cch xa nhau, ARCNET l mng dng kt hp Star/Bus Topology. Cuhnh dng ny a li s uyn chuyn trong vic b tr ng dy tngthch d dng i vi bt c to nh no.

Kt hp hnh sao v vng (Star/Ring Topology). Cu hnh dng kt hp

Star/Ring Topology, c mt "th bi" lin lc (Token) c chuyn vngquanh mt ci HUB trung tm. Mi trm lm vic (workstation) c nivi HUB - l cu ni gia cc trm lm vic v tng khong cch cnthit.

Cc giao thc truyn d liu trn mng (cc th tc iu hng trm lm vic lmth no v lc no c th thm nhp vo ng dy cp gi hay nhn cc gi thng tin).

o Giao thc tranh chp (Contention Protocol) CSMA/CD, CSMA l vit tt t ting Anh: Carrier Sense Multiple Access, cn CD l

vit tt t: Conllision Detect.

CSMA/CD c ngun gc t h thng radio pht trin trng i hcHawai vo khong nm 1970, gi l ALOHANET S dng giao thc ny cc trm hon ton c quyn truyn d liu trn

mng vi s lng nhiu hay t v mt cch ngu nhin hoc bt k khi noc nhu cu truyn d liu mi trm. Mi trm s kim tra tuyn v ch khino tuyn khng bn mi bt u truyn cc gi d liu.

o Giao thc truyn th bi (Token passing protocol) y l giao thc thng dng sau CSMA/CD c dng trong cc LAN c

cu trc vng (Ring). Trong phng php ny, khi iu khin mng hoc token c truyn ln

lt t trm ny n trm khc. Token l mt khi d liu c bit. Khi mttrm ang chim token th n c th pht i mt gi d liu. Khi pht ht

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gi d liu cho php hoc khng cn g pht na th trm li gitoken sang trm k tip.

Trong token c cha mt a ch ch v c lun chuyn ti cc trmtheo mt trt t nh trc. i vi cu hnh mng dng xoay vng thtrt t ca s truyn token tng ng vi trt t vt l ca cc trm xungquanh vng

o Giao thc FDDI. FDDI l k thut dng trong cc mng cu trc vng, chuyn th bi tc

cao bng phng tin cp si quang. FDDI s dng h thng chuyn th bi trong c ch vng kp. Lu thng

trn mng FDDI bao gm 2 lung ging nhau theo hai hng ngc nhau. FDDI thng c s dng vi mng trc trn nhng mng LAN cng

sut thp c th ni vo. Cc mng LAN i hi tc truyn d liu caov di thng ln cng c th s dng FDDI.

Cc loi ng truyn v cc chun ca chngo Chun Vin cng ngh in v in t (IEEE)

Tiu chun IEEE 802.3 lin quan ti mng CSMA/CD bao gm c 2version bng tn c bn v bng tn m rng.

Tiu chun IEEE 802.4 lin quan ti s sp xp tuyn token v IEEE 802.5gm cc vng truyn token.

Chun 802.2 mc con LLC tng ng vi chun HDLC ca ISO hocX.25 ca CCITT.

Chun 802.3 xc nh phng php thm nhp mng tc thi c kh nngpht hin li chng cho thng tin CSMA/CD.

o Chun u ban t vn quc t v in bo v in thoi(CCITT) y l nhng khuyn ngh v tiu chun ha hot ng v mu m moem

( truyn qua mng in thoi) Mt s chun: V22, V28, V35... X series bao gm cc tiu chun OSI.

o Chun cp v chun giao tip EIA. Cc tiu chun EIA dnh cho giao din ni tip gia modem v my tnh. RS-232 RS-449 RS-422

Cc phng thc tn hiu

o Dng bng tn c s (baseband)

o Dng bng tn rng (broadband)

2.1.2 H thng cp mng dng cho LAN Ethernet. Cp ng trc

o Cp ng trc loi dy (Thick coaxial)o Cp ng trc loi mng (Thin coaxial)

Cp i xon (Twisted pair),o Cp i xon khng bc kim - UTP

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Loi 1 & 2 (Cat 1 & Cat 2): Thng dng cho truyn thoi v nhngng truyn tc thp (nh hn 4Mb/s).

Loi 3 (Cat 3): tc truyn d liu khong 16 Mb/s , n l chun cho huht cc mng in thoi.

Loi 4 (Cat 4): Thch hp cho ng truyn 20Mb/s.



o Cp i xon bc kim - STP Cp si quang (Fiber optic): truyn tn hiu quang, c th t ti di thng 2Gb/s vi

khong cch ln.

Cc yu cu cho mt h thng cp

o An ton, thm m

o ng chun(EIA/TIA 568B)

o Tit kim v "linh hot" (flexible)

La chn cp cho k ni LAN

2.1.2 Cc thit b dng kt ni LAN. B lp tn hiu(Repeater)

o M hnh kt ni mng dng b lp tn hiu B lp l mt n v c bn trong mng dng kt ni cc on mng. B lp lm vic tng vt l trong m hnh 7 lp OSI, n khng nhn bit

c qui cch gi hay khung d liu, do vy n khng kim soat cbroadcast hay collision. B lp l trong sut vi tt c cc giao thc tngtrn nh IP,IPX,...

o Hot ng B lp lm nhim v nhn cc khung d liu, to li phn mo

u(preamble), khuyt i tn hiu v gi tip. B tp trung (Hub)

o Chc nng ca hub Hub l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nht ca LAN, y l im kt

ni dy trung tm ca mng, tt c cc trm trn mng LAN c kt nithng qua HUB.

Mt hub thng thng c nhiu cng ni vi ngi s dng gn mytnh v cc thit b ngoi vi. Mi cng h tr mt b kt ni dng cp dyxon 10BASETt mi trm ca mng.

Khi b tn hiu Ethernetc truyn t mt trm ti hub, n c lp litrn khp cc cng khc ca hub. Cc hub thng minh c th nh dng,kim tra, cho php hoc khng cho php bi ngi iu hnh mng t trung

tm qun l hub.o Cc loi hub

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Hub n (stand alone hub) Modular hubrt ph bin cho cc h thng mng v n c th d dng m

rng v lun c chc nng qun l, modularc t 4 n 14 khe cm, c thlp thm cc modunEthernet10BASET.

Stackable hubl l tng cho nhng c quan mun u t ti thiu ban unhng li c k hoch pht trin LAN sau ny.

Cu (Bridge)o M hnh s dng cu

Cu c dng kt ni hai on mng ri nhau, khc vi b lp, cuhot ng tng data link ca m hnh 7 lp OSI.

Cu kim sot c colision trn mng. Cu hon ton trong sut vi ccgiao thc tng trn nh IP,IPX,...

o Hot ng ca cu Cu nhn bit c a ch MAC ca mi nt mng trn mi on mng.

Vi mi khung d liu n n nhn bit c a ch MAC ca khung dliu v chuyn n on mng n cn n. Cu lm nhim v kim tra li CRC v lu chuyn. Cu thc hin giao thc Spanning-Tree xc nh cc loop trn mng.

B chuyn mch(Switch)o M hnh kt ni mng dng switch

B chuyn mch l s tin ho ca cu, n dng cc mch tch hp nhanh gim tr ca vic chuyn gi.

Switch cng c th lm vic ch cutthrough, ch ny n khngcn ch ton b khung d liu n, m n chuyn thng khung d liu n

ch ngay sau khi nhn c a ch MAC ch ca khung d liu. Lmvic ch ny switch c th gy nhiu li CRC, nn hin nay nhiuswitch vn lm vic nh cu ch lu chuyn.

o C s ca vic dng switch trong kt ni LAN Switch c nhiu c tnh nh cu, nhng n c nhiu cng v chy nhanh

hn. Switch gia bng a ch MAC ca mi cng v thc hin giao thc

Spanning-Tree. Switch cng hot ng tng data link v trong sut vicc giao thc tng trn .

Mi cng trn switch l mt min collision. Nhng n khng kim sot

min broadcast trn mng.

B nh tuyn(Router)o Tng quan v router

Theo m hnh OSI th chc nng ca routerthuc mc 3, cung cp thit bvi thng tin cha trong cc headerca giao thc, gip cho vic x l ccgi d liu thng minh.

Chc nng c bn ca routerl gi i cc gi d liu da trn a ch phnlp ca mng v cung cp cc dch v nh bo mt, qun l lu thng...

o Hot ng ca router

Ging nh bridge, routerl mt thit b siu thng minh i vi cc mngthc s ln. Router bit a ch ca cc my tnh tng pha v c th

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chuyn cc gi cho ph hp. Chng cn phn ng, nh tuyn gitng gi c hiu qu.

Da trn nhng giao thc, routercung cp dch v m trong mi packetd liu c c v chuyn n ch mt cch c lp.

B chuyn mch c nh tuyn (Layer 3 switch)o Hot ng

Switch L3 c th chy giao thc nh tuyn tng mng, tng 3 ca mhnh 7 tng OSI. Switch L3 c th c cc cng WAN ni cc LAN khong cch xa.

Thc cht n c b xung thm tnh nng ca router, switch v router. B t hp (hub, switch, v router).

o Phi hp hot ng Trong mi trng Ethernet v Fast Ethernet, hub dng ti u cho cc mng

nh. Hub khng kim sot min broadcast, v min collision trn mng.

Switch hn ch collision, cung cp mi min collision trn mt cng. Dngswitch thay hub tng cng sut s dng mng Ethernet t 40% len trn 70%. Switch khng kim sot c min broadcast nn phi dng router.

Router cho php phn on mng thnh nhng min broadcast tch bit cth dng c cc b lc gi thc hin cc chc nng an ninh-an tonmng cng nh truy nhp WAN. Nu dung lng broadcast trn mngtrn 20% th phi dng router.

2.1.3 Cc h iu hnh mng Gii thiu khi qut

o

H iu hnh mng UNIX: y l h iu hnh do cc nh khoa hc xy dng v c dng rt phbin trong gii khoa hc, gio dc. H iu hnh mng UNIX l h iuhnh a nhim, a ngi s dng, phc v cho truyn thng tt.

Nhc im ca n l hin nay c nhiu Version khc nhau, khng thngnht gy kh khn cho ngi s dng. Ngoi ra h iu hnh ny kh phctp li i hi cu hnh my mnh (trc y chy trn my mini, gn yc SCO UNIX chy trn my vi tnh vi cu hnh mnh).

o H iu hnh mng WindowsNT: y l h iu hnh ca hng Microsoft, cng l h iu hnh a nhim, a

ngi s dng. c im ca n l tng i d s dng, h tr mnh chophn mm WINDOWS. Do hng Microsoft l hng phn mm ln nht th gii hin nay, h iu

hnh ny c kh nng s c ngy cng ph bin rng ri. Ngoi ra,Windows NT c th lin kt tt vi my ch Novell Netware. Tuy nhin, chy c hiu qu, WindowsNT cng i hi cu hnh my tng i mnh.

o H iu hnh mngNetWare ca Novell: y l h iu hnh ph bin nht hin nay nc ta v trn th gii trong

thi gian cui, n c th dng cho cc mng nh (khong t 5-25 my tnh)v cng c th dng cho cc mng ln gm hng trm my tnh.

Trong nhng nm qua, Novell cho ra nhiu phin bn ca Netware:Netware 2.2, 3.11. 4.0 v hin c 4.1. Netware l mt h iu hnh mng

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cc b dng cho cc my vi tnh theo chun ca IBM hay cc my tnhApple Macintosh, chy h iu hnh MS-DOS hoc OS/2.

La chn h iu hnh Ci t

2.1.4 Cc phn mm ng dng

2.2 Ethernet - cng ngh c bn dng cho kt ni LAN.2.2.1 Gii thiu v Ethernet.

Ngun gc cng ngh Etherneto Ethernet l mng cc b do cc cng ty Xerox, Intel v Digital equipment xy

dng v pht trin. Ethernet l mng thng dng nht i vi cc mng nh hinnay.

o Ethernet LAN c xy dng theo chun 7 lp trong cu trc mng ca ISO,

mng truyn s liu Ethernet cho php a vo mng cc loi my tnh khc nhauk c my tnh mini. Cc c tnh ca Ethernet

o Nhng c im c bn ca Ethernet C cu trc dng tuyn phn on, ng truyn dng cp ng trc, tn

hiu truyn trn mng c m ho theo kiu ng b (Manchester), tc truyn d liu l 10 Mb/s.

Chiu di ti a ca mt on cp tuyn l 500m, cc on tuyn ny cth c kt ni li bng cch dng cc b chuyn tip v khong cch lnnht cho php gia 2 nt l 2,8 km.

o

Qui cch khung d liu trong Ethernet S dng tn hiu bng tn c bn, truy xut tuyn (bus access) hoc tuyntoken (token bus), giao thc l CSMA/CD, d liu chuyn i trong cc gi.Gi (packet) thng tin dng trong mng c di t 64 n 1518 byte

o Truyn khung d liu Truyn bn song cng Truyn song cng Gn th VLAN

2.2.2 Cc kin thc c bn v EthernetKin trc ca Ethernet.

Cc kiu cu hnh mng EthernetTruy nhp ng truyn mng EthernetCc loi cp ni trn mng Ethernet

Cc chun Ethernet c bnEthernet 10Mbps

10BaseT10Base210Base5

Nguyn tc 5-4-3Fast Ethernet 100Mbps

100BaseT2100BaseT4

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Gigabit Ethernet 1000Mbps1000BaseT1000BaseCX1000BaseSX1000BaseLX

Hot ng ca mng EthernetMi my Ethernet, hay cn gi l my trm , hot ng c lp vi tt c cc trm

khc trn mng , khng c mt trm iu khin trung tm.Mi trm u kt ni vi Ethernet thng qua mt ng truyn tn hiu chung cn gi

l ung trung gian. Tn hiu Ethernet c gi theo chui , tng bit mt , quang trung gian ti tt c cc trm thnh vin.

gi d liu trc tin trm cn lng nghe xem knh c ri khng , nu ri th migi i cc gi ( d liu).

C hi tham gia vo truyn l bng nhau i vi mi trm . Tc l khng c s utin . S thm nhp vo knh chung c quyt dnh bi nhm iu khin truynhp trung gian ( Medium Access Control-MAC) c t trong mi trm . MACthc thi da trn c s s pht hin va chm sng mang ( CSMA/CD).

Card EthernetVai tr ca card mngCu hnh card mng

H thng Ethernet a tc .

2.2.3 Mt s tiu chun k thut c bn ca Ethernet khi thit k LANYu cu v cp trong FastEthernetYu cu v cp trong GIGA Ethernet,

2.3 Cc k thut chuyn mch trong LAN.2.3.1 Cc ch chuyn mch trong LAN.

Chuyn mch trong LAN ,Lm vic ca chuyn mch LAN,Cc ch chuyn mch cng,Chuyn mch lu-chuyn,

2.3.2 Chuyn mch trong VLAN v cc ng trung k.Min qung b d liu,Chuyn mch bng cc ng trung k,

2.3.3 Gii thng trong LAN.

2.4 Thit k mng LAN.2.4.1 M hnh c bn.

M hnh phn cp(Hierarchical models)Cu trc

Lp li (Core Layer)

y l trc xng sng ca mng(backbone) thng dng ccb chuyn mch c tc cao(high-speed switching), thng

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c cc c tnh nh tin cy cao, c cng sut d tha, ckh nng t khc phc li, c kh nng thch nghi cao, png nhanh, d qun l, c kh nng lc gi, hay lc cc tintrnh ang truyn trong mng.Lp phn tn (Distribution Layer)Lp phn tn l gianh gii gia lp truy nhp v lp li camng. lp phn tn thc hin cc chc nng nh m bo gid liu n tng phn on mng, m bo an ninh-an ton,phn on mng theo nhm cng tc, chia minBroadcast/multicast, nh tuyn gia cc LAN o (VLAN),chuyn mi trng truyn dn, nh tuyn gia cc min, tobin gii gia cc min trong nh tuyn tnh v ng, thchin cc b lc gi(theo a ch, theo s hiu cng,...), thchin cc c ch m bo cht lng dch v QoS.

Lp truy nhp(Access Layer)Lp truy nhp cung cp cc kh nng truy nhp cho ngidng cc b hay t xa truy nhp vo mng. Thng c thchin bng cc b chuyn mch(switch) trong mi trngcampus, hay cc cng ngh WAN.

nh gi m hnhGi thnh thpd ci td m rngd c lp li.

M hnh ng dngCu trc m hnhThit k m hnh trn c s phn tch cc yu cu ng dng.

M hnh an ninh-an ton(Secure models).Cu trc m hnhH thng tng la 3 phn (Three-Part Firewall System)

LAN c lp lm vng m gia mng cng tc vi mng bnngoi(LAN c lp c gi l khu phi qun s hay vngDMZ)

Thit b nh tuyn trong c ci t b lc gi c t gia

DMZ v mng cng tc.Thit b nh tuyn ngoi c ci t b lc gi c t gia

DMZ v mng ngoi.nh gi m hnh

2.4.2 Cc yu cu thit kYu cu k thutYu cu v hiu nng bao gmYu cu v ng dng bao gmYu cu v qun l mngYu cu v an ninh-an ton mng

Yu cu rng buc v ti chnh, thi gian thc hin, yu cu v chnh tr ca d n, xc nhngun nhn lc, xc nh cc ti nguyn c v c th ti s dng.

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2.4.3 Cc bc thit k.Phn tch yu cuLa chn m hnhLa chn phn cng (thit b, cp, cng ngh kt ni,...),La chn phn mmnh gi kh nngTnh ton gi thnhTrin khai pilot.

2.5 Mt s mng LAN mu.Phn ny a ra cc minh ho v LAN, phn tch c th theo cc kha cnh v quy m,

topo, cc phng thc kt ni. Cc minh ho ny c a ra theo quy m ca LAN:Mng LAN quy m nh, c khong 10 n 50 my tnh.Mng LAN quy m trung bnh trn 50 my.Mng LAN c ln t vi trm n nghn my tnh

Vi mi v d, cc bc thit k mng LAN s c lm sng t: t cc phn tch yucu cho n la chn phn cng thit b, phn mm ...

Phn 3. Mng WAN v thit k mng WAN.3.1 Cc kin thc c bn v WAN.3.1.1 Khi nim v WAN

Mng WAN l g ?Cc li ch v chi ph khi kt ni WAN

Nhng im cn ch khi thit k WANMt s phng thc kt ni c bn dng cho WAN

Chuyn mch (Circuit Swiching Network)

Gii thiu

Chuyn mch tng t (Analog)Kt ni PSTNThit bPhng thc kt niCc hn ch khi dng kt ni PSTN

Chuyn mch s (Digital)Kt ni ISDNGii thiuCc thit b dng cho kt ni ISDNCc dch vCc c tnh ca ISDNnh gi khi dng kt ni ISDN

Knh thu ring (Leased lines Network)

Gii thiu

Cc cng ngh xDSL

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Chuyn gi tin (Packet Switching Network)Kt ni dng ATM,

Gii thiu v cng ngh ATMCc c trng chnh ca cng ngh ATMnh gi khi dng k ni ATM

Kt ni dng Frame Relay,Gii thiu v Frame RelayCc thit b dng cho kt ni Frame RelayCc c tnh ca Frame Relaynh gi khi dng k ni Frame Relay

Kt ni dng dch v chuyn mch tc cao (SMDS),Gii thiunh gi khi dng k ni SMDS

Kt ni dng chun X.25.Gii thiunh gi khi dng k ni X.25

Giao thc kt ni WAN c bn trong mng TCP/IP.Giao thc PPPCc thnh phn ca PPP

HDLCLCP

NCPNguyn tc lm vic ca PPP

Gii thiuYu cu ca tng vt lYu cu ca tng PPP linkGiao thc iu khin PPP link

PPP trong kt ni WAN

3.2 Cc thit b dng cho kt ni WAN.Router(B tm ng)

c trnh by trong mc 2.1.2.Chuyn mch WAN

Khi nimL do phi s dng chuyn mch WAN

Access ServerKhi nimHot ng ca Access ServerL do phi dng Access Server

ModemNTUCSU/DSUISDN terminal Adaptor

3.3 nh gi v so snh mt s cng ngh dng cho kt ni WAN.

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Kt ni PSTN(mng in thoi cng cng).Kt ni ISDN(mng dch v tng hp).Kt ni FRAME RELAYKt ni s dng cng ngh xDSL.

3.4 Thit k mng WAN.3.4.1 Cc m hnh WAN

M hnh phn cp,Khi nim m hnh phn cpCc u im ca m hnh phn cpCc lp trong m hnh phn cp

Cc m hnh tp(Topology models).Cu trc, a phng ho mng cn trin khaiCc m hnh chc nng ca h thngCc m hnh phng ban

Cc m hnh an ninh mng.Khi nim v m hnh an ton:H thng tng la 3 phn(Three-Part Firewall System)Chc nng ca h thng tng laH thng chng t nhp mngH thng pht hin l hng an ninhBo mt thng tin trn mng

M hnh ng dng.Phn tch da trn cc yu cu ng dngTch, gp cc ng dng

3.4.2 La chn cng ngh kt niChn cng ngh kt ni theo cc ch tiu: tin cyGi thnhYu cu di thng

3.4.3 Cc bc thit k WAN.Phn tch yu cu:

Phn tch yu cu v k thut:Yu cu v hiu nng mng

nh gi thi gian p ng gia cc trm hay cc thit b trn mng,nh gi tr i vi cc ng dng khi ngi dng truy nhp hay yu

cu .Yu cu cc i hi v bng thng ca cc ng dng trn mng,nh gi cng sut mng p ng khi ngi s dng tng t bin ti

cc im c chai.Cc yu cu v qu l mng.

Phn tch yu cu v ng dng:Cc ng dng cn trin khai ngay trn mng,Cc ng dng c kh nng trin khai trong tng lai,

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S ngi s dng trn tng ng dng ,Gii thng cn thit cho tng ng dng,Cc giao thc mng cn dng, v s dng,Phn b thi gian dng mng,

Yu cu v qun l mng:Xc nh phng thc-k thut qun l mng,Phng thc quan st hiu nng mng,Phng thc pht hin li ca mng,Phng thc qun l cu hnh mng.

Yu cu v an ninh-an ton mng:Xc nh cc kiu an ninh-an ton,Xc nh cc yu cu cn bo v khi kt ni vi mng ngoi, v kt ni

vi internet.Xc nh cc yu cu v ng dng v cc rng buc v ti chnh, thi gian thc hin,

yu cu v chnh tr ca d n, xc nh ngun nhn lc, xc nh cc ti nguyn c va c th ti s dng.

La chn m hnh,cng ngh kt niLa chn phn cng (thit b, cng ngh kt ni, ,...),

La chn routerLa chn gatewayLa chn modem, NTU,...La chn Access serverLa chn b chuyn mch WANLa chn cc Server ng dng

La chn phn mm,La chn h iu hnh mngLa chn cc h qun tr c s d liuLa chn cc phng thc giao tc trn mng

nh gi kh nng,Trin khai th nghim

Tnh ton gi thnh,

3.5 Phn tch mt s mng WAN mu.Phn ny a ra mt s WAN minh ho:

MANWANGAN

s c phn tch theo cc bc thit k v cc cng ngh kt ni, cc chi ph phi tr.3.6 Kt lun.

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- Tn mn hc: Thit k v xy dng mng LAN v WAN- Thi lng: 5 ngy (10 bui). Mi bui hc 4 tit, chia thnh 2 phn. Ngh gii lao gia gi 30

pht

Thigian

Ni dung ging dy Ti liu tham chiu

Bui 1Ni dung l thuyt

Gii thiu tng quan v mng my tnhCc kin thc c bn v mng my

tnhGiao thc kt ni mng

M hnh phn tng OSIB giao thc TCP/IP

Khi nim tng quanKin trc b giao thc TCP/IPGii thiu mt s giao thc trong b

giao thc TCP/IPMt s dch v c bn trn TCP/IP

Chng 1: Tng quan vmng my tnh

Ngh gii laoNi dung thc hnh

Thc hnh phn loi cc h thng mngmy tnh theo vng a l, theo tp,theo chc nng.

Thc hnh phn bit cc lp a ch IP,

cch nh a ch IP v Subnet mask.

Chng 1: Tng quanv mng my tnh- Bi tp thc hnh 1.1- Bi tp thc hnh 1.2

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o toS lng my tnh 20 PC + 1 ServerCc my ci h iu hnh Windows2000

v Linux (Redhat/Mandrake)Cu hnh ti thiu: Pentium III > 500MHz,

128 MM RAM, cng 10GB, cardmng 10/100 M.

02 Switch/HUB

Bui 2 Thc hnh thit k a ch IP v Subnetmask.Thc hnh phn hoch cc lp a ch

mng, cch t chc a ch IP, cch sdng Subnet mask.

Thc hnh ci t v cu hnh TCP/IP trnWindows2000.

Chng 1: Tng quanv mng my tnh- Bi tp thc hnh 1.3

Ngh gii laoThc hnh nh tuyn IP cho cc phn

on mngThc hnh dng gateway(linux,

Chng 1: Tng quan

v mng my tnh- Bi tp thc hnh 1.3

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windows2000) phn on mng.Thc hnh nh tuyn IP cho cc phn

on mng.

- Bi tp thc hnh 1.4

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o to nh bui 1, b xung 03 v mng lm gateway

Bui 3 Ni dung l thuytGii thiu cc kin thc v khi nim c

bn v LAN:Cu trc tp ca LANCc phng thc truy nhp ng

truyn trn LANCc loi ng truyn trn LAN v cc

chun ca chngH thng cp mng dng cho LANCc thit b dng kt ni LAN

Cng ngh EthernetKin trc EthernetCc chun Ethenet c bnHot ng ca mng Ethernet

Hc vin tham kho thm trong gio trnh

Chng 2: Mng LANv thit k mng LAN

Ngh gii laoThc hnh:

Thc hnh gii thiu cc thit b cardmng, Hub, SwitchThc hnh lm cp mng: cp thng, cp

cho.Kt ni PC vo LAN

Chng 2: Mng LAN

v thit k mng LAN- Bi tp thc hnh 2.1- Bi tp thc hnh 2.2

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o toNh bui 1B sung cc thit b: mt hp

connector RJ45, dy cp mngUTP 100m, km bm RJ45

Bui 4 Thc hnhGii thiu cng c phn mm v v thitk mng Visio

Thc hnh v thit k mng vi Visio:Gio vin a ra cc s mng cth hc vin thc hnh v trn my


- Bi tp thc hnh 2.3- Ti liu hng dn sdng visio

Ngh gii laoThc hnh v thit k mng vi Visio:

Gio vin a ra cc s mng cth hc vin v trn my

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o toNh bui 1

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Cc my c ci t phn mmVisio2000

Bui 5 Ni dung l thuyt:Cc bc thit k LANMng LAN o - VLAN.


Ngh gii laoThc hnh :

Phn tch cc mng LAN mu:LAN mu qui m nh,LAN mu qui m vaLAN mu qui m ln

Tham quan LAN Vin CNTT, LAN VinKH&CN Vit Nam


- Bi tp thc hnh 2.4

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o to

Nh bui 3Bui 6 Thc hnh thit k v xy dng mng LAN(cn bn):

Xy dng mng LAN c bn: Cc hcvin thc hnh theo nhm t 3 n 5ngi xy dng mng LAN vi qui mnh, va

Chng 2: Mng LANv thit k mng LAN- Bi tp thc hnh 2.4

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o to:Nh bui 3Cc my c ci t b phn mm m

phng BosonB sung thm 02 HUB/SWITCHBui 7 Thc hnh thit k v xy dng mng LAN

(cn bn):Thc hnh kt ni v m rng mng LAN

Chng 2: Mng LANv thit k mng LAN- Bi tp thc hnh 2.4

Ngh gii laoThc hnh:

nh gi bi tp thc hnh thc hnhCc yu cu v trang thit b o to

Nh bui 6

Bui 8 Ni dung l thuytGii thiu v WANGii thiu cc cng ngh kt ni WAN

Kt ni PPPKt ni qua dial-upKt ni dng leased line.

Hc vin t tham kho cc cng ngh ktni khc trong ti liu:

Kt ni qua mng ISDNKt ni qua mng FRAME RELAY

Kt ni s dng cng ngh xDSL

Chng 3: Mng WANv thit k mng WAN

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Ngh gii laoThc hnh:

Gii thiu mt s thit b c bn dng chokt ni WAN:

- Router, Chuyn mch WAN,Access Server,Modem, NTU.


- Bi tp thc hnh 3.1

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o toNh bui 1B sung cc thit b: 01 Switch, 01

Router, 05 Modem, 02 NTU.Cc my c ci t b phn mm m

phng ca Boson

Bui 9 Ni dung l thuytnh gi v so snh cc cng ngh c bndng cho kt ni WAN ph bin hinnay:

Kt ni qua mng in thoi cng cngKt ni qua mng ISDNKt ni qua mng FRAME RELAYKt ni s dng cng ngh xDSL

Cc bc thit k WAN


Ngh gii lao

Thc hnh:Phn tch, thit k WAN kt ni 2 LAN trongthnh ph dng cng ngh kt ni: PSTN,Leased line, ADSL.

Phn tch, thit k WAN kt ni 2 LAN 2thnh ph dng cng ngh kt ni: PSTN,Leased line, ADSL, VPN.


- Bi tp thc hnh 3.2

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o toNh bui 8Cc my c ci t b phn mm m

phng ca BosonBui 10 Thc hnh

Cu hnh c bn cho Modem, NTU, CiscoRouter thc hin c kt niWAN

Tham quan WAN Vin KH&CN VitNam, cng ty NetNam


Ngh gii laoThc hnh

nh gi, kt lunTng kt

Cc yu cu v trang thit b o to

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Nh bui 8

Giao Trinh Thiet Ke Mang LanWan

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