Giancarlo Guizzardi Ontological Foundations for Structural Conceptual Models Kapitel 1–3,...
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Giancarlo GuizzardiOntological Foundations for
Structural Conceptual Models
Kapitel 1–3, vorgestellt von Steffen Zschaleram 08.11.2006
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 2 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Motivation
Conceptual Modelling Languages– For representing reality– Human users– To promote communication and common understanding
– When is reality represented adequately?
Systematic approach is needed
– Current approaches: Focused on specific domains
Here: Focus on general principles of conceptual models
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 3 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Objectives
Conceptualisation
Conceptualisation
Model
Modelling Language
Modelling Specification
represented by
interpreted as
represented by
interpreted as
instance of used to compose instance of used to compose
Concepts Artefacts
Establish a systematic relation between modelling language and conceptualisation
representation adequacyfoundational ontology
Establish a systematic relation between modelling language and conceptualisation
representation adequacyfoundational ontology
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 4 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Representation Adequacy
Two aspects:1. Domain Appropriateness:
• Measure of the suitability of a language for modelling phenomena of a domain
• Truthfulness to the domain2. Comprehensibility Appropriateness:
• Measure of ease of comprehension and communication
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 5 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Domain Appropriateness
Specification S should be as close to Model M as possible.– Ideally: Isomorphisms– Homomorphisms will do
– Four properties to characterise an isomorphism:1. Lucidity/Construct Overload2. Soundness/Construct Excess3. Laconicity/Construct Redundancy4. Completeness
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 6 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Lucidity/Construct Overload
Every element in S relates to at most one element in M.
Contrast: Construct Overload (Language Level)– Some grammatical constructs relate to more than one ontological construct– No implication of non-lucidity or vice-versa
M S
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 7 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Soundness/Construct Excess
Every element in S relates to at least one element in M.
Contrast: Construct Excess (Language Level)– Some grammatical constructs relate to no ontological construct
M S
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 8 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Laconicity/Construct Redundancy
Every element in M is represented by at most one element in S.
Contrast: Construct Redundancy (Language Level)– More than one grammatical constructs relates to the same ontological
construct– No implication of non-laconicity or vice-versa
M S
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 9 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Completeness
Every element in M is represented by at least one element in S.
Related to: Completeness (Language Level)– Every domain concept is represented by at least one grammatical construct
M S
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 10 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Model
Modelling Language
Modelling Specification
represented by
interpreted as
represented by
interpreted as
instance of used to compose instance of used to compose
Comparing Modelling Languages and Conceptualisations
Conceptualisation
Conceptualisation
Concepts Artefacts
Domain Ontology
Domain Ontology
Meta-Conceptualisati
on
Meta-Conceptualisati
on
Material Domain
Conceptualisation
Ontology Representation Language
Domain Ontology
represented by
represented by
instance of
Meta-Level
Level
Foundational Ontology
TU Dresden, 08.11.2006 (c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006 Folie 11 von 11
Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie
Ontologies
• Lots of history on use of ontologies in philosophy and computer science• Formalisations of Conceptualisation, Logical Model, Ontological
Commitment
• I have no clue, what is the core contribution of this chapter!