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Transcript of GHG presentation 2 [Autosaved]
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Following Seasonal Flooding of Southeast Asian Tropical River Deltas
Amy Salvador[2] Michael Schaefer[1] Kate Roberts[1] Marco Keiluweit[1] Sam Ying[2] Scott Fendorf[1]
August 13th 2015
[1] Stanford University [2]University of California, Riverside
Global Scale Soil Carbon & Nitrogen
Global Scale Soil Carbon & Nitrogen
?
Why is this important?
CO2
CH4N2O
Why is this important?
CO2
CH4N2O
How much C & N from flooded soil?
Overarching Goal
• Be able to project the contribution of natural and anthropic flooding to Greenhouse gases
Soil
Biosphere
Soil
BiosphereRespiration &
Photosynthesis
CO2
SugarsO2
Microbes
Plants
Soil
Terrestrial
Soil
Terrestrial
INPUT OUTP
UT
Soil
Hydrosphere
Weathering
Carbon
Carbon
Carbon
Global Scale Soil Moisture
Illustration courtesy European Space Agency. image © ESA
Why in the Mekong Delta?Wet Season Dry Season
Research Question
What are the effects of flooding of soil on greenhouse gas emissions?
Hypothesis
When soil moisture is high, methane concentration is high and carbon dioxide concentration as well as nitrous oxide is low.
Field Sampling Lysimeter
Field Sampling Lysimeter
Porous
Field Sampling
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Lysimeter
Other Elements (Ions)
Other Elements (Ions)
Field Sampling Lysimeter
Licor Cores with Rhizon Samplers
Soil Core
Laboratory Methods
Cores with Rhizon Samplers
Laboratory Methods
LicorSoil Core
Laboratory Methods
Soil CoreLicor Cores with
Rhizon Samplers
CO2 Exchange in Dry Conditions
O2
CO2 Exchange in Dry Conditions
O2
CO2 Exchange in Dry ConditionsCO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
CO2
Drying
Results of Flooding Conditions
O2
Results of Flooding Conditions
O2
Results of Flooding Conditions
Carbon
+
O2
Results of Flooding ConditionsCO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Small CO2 Peak
May 10 – 24,2015
Flooding Event
CO2
Results of Flooding Conditions
H2
O
Results of Flooding Conditions
H2
OCarbo
n+
CO2
CO2 Exchange in Flooded Conditions
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Small CO2 Peak
May 10 – 24,2015
Flooding Event
CO2
O2
CO2 Exchange in Dry ConditionsCO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
CO2 Flux
May 10 – 24,2015
Flooding Event
CO2
O2
CH4 Exchange in Flooded Conditions
CH4 Exchange in Flooded Conditions
Carbon
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
CH4 Exchange in Flooded Conditions CH4Flooding Event
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
CH4
CO2
O2
Gas Exchange When Soil Dries
N2O Gas Exchange When Soil Dries
O2 Nitroge
n+
N2O Gas Exchange When Soil DriesN2O
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flooding Event
CH4
N2OCO2
Drying
{Zone
of
Biot
ic
Influ
ence
6/14/2
015 1
4:00
5/13/2
015 1
7:00
4/11/2
015 2
0:00
3/10/2
015 2
3:00
2/7/20
15 2:
00
1/6/20
15 5:
00
12/5/
2014
8:00
11/3/
2014
11:00
10/2/
2014
14:00
20253035404550556065
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Water at Biotic Zone (Depth 7 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e (%
)High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
6/14/2
015 1
4:00
5/10/2
015 4
:00
4/4/20
15 18
:00
2/28/2
015 8
:00
1/23/2
015 2
2:00
12/19
/2014
12:00
11/14
/2014
2:00
10/9/
2014
16:00
20253035404550556065
020406080100120140160
Water at Biotic Zone (Depth 7 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e (%
)
NPO
C (m
g/L)
“O
rgan
ic
Carb
on”
High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
{
Zone
of
Biot
ic
Abse
nce
{Zone
of
Biot
ic
Influ
ence
{{Zo
ne o
f Bi
otic
In
fluen
ce
Zone
of
Biot
ic
Abse
nce
6/14/2
015 1
4:00
5/15/2
015 1
1:30
4/15/2
015 9
:00
3/16/2
015 6
:30
2/14/2
015 4
:00
1/15/2
015 1
:30
12/15
/2014
23:00
11/15
/2014
20:30
10/16
/2014
18:00
20
25
30
35
40
45
5055
Water Below Biotic Zone (Depth 21 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e [%
]High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60Water Below Biotic Zone (Depth 21 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e (%
)
NPO
C (m
g/L)
“O
rgan
ic
Carb
on”
High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
O2
O2
C CC
CC
C
C
O2
C CC
CC
C
C
O2
Summary
Gas Emissions Available aqueous Carbon Soil Carbon availability
Summary
Gas Emissions Available aqueous Carbon Soil Carbon availability
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
CH4
N2OCO2
Flooding Event Drying
Summary
Gas EmissionsAvailable aqueous Carbon Soil Carbon availability
Summary
Gas Emissions Available aqueous CarbonSoil Carbon availability
My piece applied to larger goal
“Organic carbon oxidation rates, as measured by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, further support arsenic liberation via near-surface anaerobic microbial respiration.”
Water Quality
Water Quality
Food Security
Water Quality
Food Security
Climate Change
Acknowledgements
Michael Schaefer Scott Fendorf Fendorf Lab Group Guangchao Li Doug Turner Samantha Ying Wakuna Galega Jerry Harris Tenea Nelson Lupe Carillo
Thank You