Ggim.un.org Geospatial Information: Making a difference to national, regional and global prosperity...
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Transcript of Ggim.un.org Geospatial Information: Making a difference to national, regional and global prosperity...
ggim.un.org
Geospatial Information: Making a difference to national, regional
and global prosperity
Dr Vanessa Lawrence CB and Greg Scott
United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
(UN-GGIM)
ggim.un.org
“Rwanda has created an electronic land registry which is known as the Land Administration Information System (LAIS). The Electronic Land Registry now
has been connected to all banks to ease the process of getting loans using the land as collateral. The electronic registry also clearly increased transparency
about land ownership and has reduced fraud.”
HE Ambassador Protais Mitali, Ambassador of Rwanda to Ethiopia and Permanent Representative to the African Union
Land Tenure regularisation in Rwanda
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• The UK’s Department for International Development (DfID) have been supporting a major Land Tenure Regularisation programme in Rwanda since 2009.
• Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with pressure on land likely to increase in the coming years. In 2009 only 40,000 land parcels registered
• The project completed registration of 10.6 million land parcels in 2014, helping to reduce conflict and provide the security needed by farmers and businesses to invest in long-term food production.
• Location information is a key part of this process.
Source: UK Gov’t/DfID
Land Tenure regularisation in Rwanda
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• 75 percent of the world’s population do not have access to formal systems to register and safeguard their land rights.
• The approach used for building land administration systems in less developed countries must move to being flexible and focused on citizens’ needs including providing security of tenure and control of land use, rather than focusing on top-end technical solutions and high accuracy surveys.
• Foreign investors through large scale land acquisitions have attained more than 30 million hectares of land in largely poor and middle-income countries since 2000.
Land Administration: the current scenario
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• A joint publication by FIG and the World Bank.
• The report states that A fit-for-purpose approach includes the following elements:
• Being Flexible in the spatial data capture approaches to provide for varying use andoccupation.
• Being Inclusive in scope to cover all tenure and all land.
• Participatory in approach to data capture and use to ensure community support.
Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration
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• Affordable for the government to establish and operate, and for society to use.
• Reliable in terms of information that is authoritative and up-to-date.
• Attainable in relation to establishing the system within a short timeframe andwithin available resources.
• Upgradeable with regard to incremental upgrading and improvement over timein response to social and legal needs and emerging economic opportunities
Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration
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• In the Lough Erne Declaration, G8 leaders agreed the principle that “Land transactions should be transparent, respecting the property rights of local communities”. Leaders agreed the implement the globally negotiated Voluntary Guidelines on Land Tenure and to support regional processes such as the land Policy Initiative of the AU.
• Leaders also launched an initial eight land partnerships to support the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines. For the G7, the UK leads the partnerships with Tanzania and Nigeria and co-leads with the United States and Germany in Ethiopia. The first official review point will be the G7 accountability report in June 2015.
G8 Presidency in 2013 placed land high on the agenda
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Government needs authoritative data
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1977 – 8th RCC for Asia and the Far East
1980 – 9th RCC for Asia Pacific
1999 – Bathurst Declaration
2011 - Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlement Program
2012 - Kuala Lumpur Declaration on Spatially Enabled Government and Society
The UN has recognised the importance of land administration since the 1970s
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Monitoring sustainable development: why location matters
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The future we want: 19 June 2012
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How can you measure and monitor sustainable development…
…without location and geography?
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• Rio+20 agreed that the new goals and targets need to finish the job that the Millennium Development Goals started post 2015.
• Rio+20 Member States agreed to launch a process to develop a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – these will be agreed by the General Assembly.
• UN Secretary General published his report on the SDGs in Nov/Dec 2014.
• UN General Assembly will agree the SDG’s in September 2015.
“The results [of the MDGs] represent a tremendous reduction in human suffering…but, they are
not a reason to relax” Ban Ki-Moon Secretary-General, United Nations, 2012
What are Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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GI and the post-2015 development agenda
“Geospatial information is fundamental to decision making, policy formulation, measuring and monitoring
development elements, all critical to the post 2015 sustainable development agenda.”
Wu Hongbo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, 2014
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The report by the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals have proposed a set of 17 Goals, these are supported by 169 targets.
The opening preamble states:
“In order to monitor the implementation of the SDGs, it will be important to improve the availability of and access to data and statistics
disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in
national contexts.”
Open Working Group goals
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1. End poverty in all forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
Open Working Group goals that involve Geospatial Information
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“We need to act and UN-GGIM can play a powerful role in this. Doing this, UN-GGIM will enforce the post-2015 agenda of other
organisations like FIG, World Bank, FAO and UN-Habitat. Good land administration, considering both formal and informal rights of the use
and ownership of land, is a basic requirement for social and economic development ….”
Norwegian Delegation
Fourth Session of UN-GGIM
At the Fourth meeting of UN-GGIM a Member State asked for a change to the UN-GGIM agreed workplan
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On the final day of its fourth session in August 2014, the Committee of Experts, approved the addition of the work item to the Plan:
“The application of geospatial information – land administration and management”
The application of geospatial information to land administration and management
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• The United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM) was established to enhance and coordinate geospatial information management globally
• UN-GGIM provides a formal mechanism under the UN system to discuss and coordinate Geospatial Information Management activities by involving Member States at the highest Government level as the key participants
UN-GGIM – What is it?
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
UN Secretariat
Secretary General
ODAOIOS OLAOICT
DESA DPIDFSDPKODPA DSSDM DGACM
OCHA ODC UNOG UNOV UNONOHCHR OOSA
Missions
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
UN Statistics and Geospatial Information Division
UN-GGIM Secretariat
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Formal inter-governmental UN Committee of Experts to:• Be the apex organisation in the United Nations involved
with geospatial information• Make joint decisions and set directions on the use of
geospatial information within national and global policy frameworks.
• Work with governments to improve policy, institutional arrangements, and legal frameworks.
• Address global issues and contribute collective knowledge as a community with shared interests and concerns.
• Develop effective strategies to build geospatial capacity in transitional and developing countries.
United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
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To make accurate, reliable and authoritative geospatial information readily available to support national,
regional and global development
UN-GGIM: its role
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• United Nations Cartographic Section — provides geographic information support to the full range of United Nations operations. This includes Providing accurate and timely geographic information in support of the decision-making and operational needs of:– The Security Council– UN Secretariat– UN Peace Operations– UN Humanitarian Operations
• UNGIWG (United Nations Geographic Information Working Group) — a voluntary network of UN professionals working in the fields of cartography and geographic information science.
Other United Nations Structures involved in GI
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Other United Nations Structures involved in GI
• UNGEGN (United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names)
— provides technical recommendations on standardizing geographical names at the national and international levels, also falls under UN Statistics Division.
• UNOOSA (United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs) — responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. Also runs UN-SPIDER (United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response).
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UN-GGIM Committee of Experts
UN-GGIM Asia-Pacific
UN-GGIM Africa
UN-GGIM Americas
UN-GGIM Europe
WG 3Place-Based
Information for Economic Growth
WG 1Geodetic
Reference Frame for SD
WG 2Data Sharing & Integration for Disaster Mmnt.
ChinaRep. of KoreaJapan
WG1Institutional
arrangements
Saudi ArabiaJordanAlgeria
CODIST-Geo
AFREFAfrican Reference
Frame
Member States to be elected
UN ECA: Geoinfo merged with Statistics. 3/2013 CODIST meeting recommended CODIST-Geo become UN-GGIM Africa.
European Environment
Agency
European Commission+ Eurostat
EuroGeographics
WG A: FranceWGB: Germany
SwedenNetherlandsSpain
SIRGASGeocentric
Reference System for Americas
Working Groups &
Region Vocals
PAIGHPan Amer. Inst. of Geography and
History
MexicoChileMexico
GeoSURGeo. Network for Latin America &
Caribbean
UN-GGIM Arab States
WG 2Fundamental Data and geo-standards
WG 3Geodetic
Reference Frame
WG 4Integration of
Geospatial and Statistical Info.
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
UN-GGIM: Arab States
Four working groups
1. Institutional arrangements, Legal and Policy Issues, Awareness and Capacity Building
2. Fundamental Data and Geo-Standards3. Geodetic Reference Frame4. Integration of Geospatial and Statistical Information
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
UN-GGIM: Africa
A transitional bureau, has been set up to oversee the establishment of the regional committee for UN-GGIM: Africa at UN-GGIM5.
Chair: Ethiopia,
Co-Chairs: Burkina Faso, South Africa and Tunisia,
Secretariat services are provided by Economic Commission for Africa
Four working groups have been set up:
1. African Geodetic Reference Frame
2. Fundamental datasets
3. Institutional arrangements and legal frameworks
4. Capacity and capability development
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
High level forum for Member States
Legal and Policy Frameworks
Standards for Geospatial
Information Management
Knowledge base for Geospatial
Information Management
Forum for exchange of best
practice
StandardsStrong Governance
Capability and Capacity Building
Spatial Frameworks
Global Geodetic Reference
FrameworkGlobal Map for
Sustainable Development
Fit-for-purpose geospatial information
Post-2015 Development Agenda
United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
ggim.un.org
Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
• UN-GGIM has:• Identified Legal and Policy Issues as one of the main challenges facing
the geospatial community in the next ten years• Engaged with the Centre for Spatial Law and Policy and the
International Bar Association to help identify issues• Conducted a survey of Member States to assess the impact on legal
and policy issues on data collection, use and distribution• Formulated guidance on issues surrounding geospatial law
Legal and Policy Frameworks
ggim.un.org
Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
High level forum for Member States
Legal and Policy Frameworks
Standards for Geospatial
Information Management
Knowledge base for Geospatial
Information Management
Forum for exchange of best
practice
StandardsStrong Governance
Capability and Capacity Building
Spatial Frameworks
Global Geodetic Reference
FrameworkGlobal Map for
Sustainable Development
Fit-for-purpose geospatial information
Improved decision making
United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
ggim.un.org
Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Existing Standards and the Inventory of Issues
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
“The Guide”
and
“The Companion Document”
International Organization forStandardization
TC 211
Available to download from the UN-GGIM website
UN-GGIM and International Standards
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
High level forum for Member States
Legal and Policy Frameworks
Standards for Geospatial
Information Management
Knowledge base for Geospatial
Information Management
Forum for exchange of best
practice
StandardsStrong Governance
Capability and Capacity Building
Spatial Frameworks
Global Geodetic Reference
FrameworkGlobal Map for
Sustainable Development
Fit-for-purpose geospatial information
Post-2015 Development Agenda
United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
ggim.un.org
Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
UN-GGIM website shares best practice models from around the world
Sharing best practice
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
• The challenge: need for faster police response to incidents and to improve the Integrated Public Safety System (SISP).
• The solution: investment of US$ 150 million to map major cities, to implement a geographical information system (GIS) and for hardware acquisition (monitoring cameras and GPS navigator).
• The benefits: 10% reduction in police incidents and 13% reduction in homicides in May 2012, in comparison with May 2011, due to the benefits of ‘crime map’ in the State.
Data integration between civil and military police.
With over 1.5 million km2 and 3.5 million inhabitants, the State of Amazonas is the largest of the 27 states in Brazil and the second most populous in the Northern region.
Source: Imagem / Amazon State Government
9
Brazil: use of GIS improves monitoring and reduces crime in the state of Amazonas
ggim.un.org
Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
High level forum for Member States
Legal and Policy Frameworks
Standards for Geospatial
Information Management
Knowledge base for Geospatial
Information Management
Forum for exchange of best
practice
StandardsStrong Governance
Capability and Capacity Building
Spatial Frameworks
Global Geodetic Reference
FrameworkGlobal Map for
Sustainable Development
Fit-for-purpose geospatial information
Post-2015 Development Agenda
United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
ggim.un.org
Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Basic dGPS: 0.8-3m
Standalone GPS: 10m
RTK:1-2cm
High Quality dGPS: 20-80cm
30
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Typical Installation
31
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
32
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Global Geodetic Reference System Regional Reference System
National Reference SystemLocal application
The Global Geodetic Reference Frame
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
GGRF Applications
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
• The United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management decided in July 2013 to formulate and facilitate a resolution for a global geodetic reference frame
• UN-GGIM recognises the growing demand for more precise positioning services, the economic importance of a global geodetic reference frame and the need to improve the global cooperation within geodesy
UN Resolution – Global Geodetic Reference Frame
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
• UN-GGIM endorsed the draft Resolution and requested that the UN-GGIM Secretariat refers the Resolution to ECOSOC for its endorsement and further referral to UN General Assembly.
UN resolution: Global Geodetic Reference Frame
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
On Thursday 26th of February 2015 the United Nations General Assembly adopted its first resolution recognizing the importance of a globally–coordinated approach to geodesy.
The resolution was introduced by Fiji, and was co-sponsored by 52 Member States.
More information can be found at: http://www.unggrf.org/
or by following @UNGGRF
Global Geodetic Reference Frame for Sustainable Development
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Economic Growth: KenyaEstablishment of a modern geodetic reference frame
• Networks that do not meet accuracy standards for geodetic control surveys and scientific research
• Inconsistent and Different co-ordinate systems necessitating regular co-ordinate conversion when undertaking project.
• Inadequate height data• Destroyed pillars
• Expected realization of a faster and easier access to geo-spatial information for socio-economic development
• Data from the stations to be made available to both Government institutions and Private Sector
Reconstructed PillarExisting Pillar
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Economic Growth: KenyaEstablishment of a modern geodetic reference frame
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Future trends in geospatial information management: the 5–10 year vision
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
• Trends in technology and the future direction of data creation, maintenance and management;
• Legal and policy developments;• Skills requirements and training mechanisms;• The role of the private sector and non-governmental sectors; and• The future role of governments in data provision and
management.
Five broad themes identified
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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
High level forum for Member States
Legal and Policy Frameworks
Standards for Geospatial
Information Management
Knowledge base for Geospatial
Information Management
Forum for exchange of best
practice
StandardsStrong Governance
Capability and Capacity Building
Spatial Frameworks
Global Geodetic Reference
FrameworkGlobal Map for
Sustainable Development
Fit-for-purpose geospatial information
Post-2015 Development Agenda
United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
ggim.un.org
Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges
Geospatial information: Making a difference to national, regional and global prosperity
‘In Namibia a country in which water is a scarce resource…spatial data is
only below water in significance’ Minister Alpheus G. !Naruseb, Minister of Lands and
Resettlement, Namibia