GFDL’s’high+resolu1on’seasonal’climate ... - STAR€¦ ·...

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GFDL’s highresolu1on seasonal climate predic1on system: modeling, ini1aliza1on and predictability Xiaosong Yang NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ Using JPSS Products for Earth System Data Assimila:on, JPSSCPO Technical Interchange Mee:ng, Jan 30, 2017 Acknowledgements: Gabriel A. Vecchi, T. Delworth, S. Kapnick,, H. Murakami, L. Jia, R. Gudgel, S.D. Underwood, L. Krishnamurthy, A. Rosa1, S.J. Lin, A.T. WiRenberg, W. Anderson, V. Balaji

Transcript of GFDL’s’high+resolu1on’seasonal’climate ... - STAR€¦ ·...

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GFDL’s  high-­‐resolu1on  seasonal  climate  predic1on  system:  modeling,  ini1aliza1on  and  predictability        

Xiaosong  Yang  NOAA/GFDL,  Princeton,  NJ  

   Using  JPSS  Products  for  Earth  System  Data  Assimila:on,    JPSS-­‐CPO  

Technical  Interchange  Mee:ng,  Jan  30,  2017    Acknowledgements:  Gabriel  A.  Vecchi,  T.  Delworth,  S.  Kapnick,,  H.  Murakami,  L.  Jia,  R.  Gudgel,  S.D.  Underwood,  L.  Krishnamurthy,  A.  Rosa1,  S.-­‐J.  Lin,  A.T.    

WiRenberg,  W.  Anderson,  V.  Balaji    

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GFDL  FLOR/HiFLOR:  High-­‐resolu1on  coupled  seasonal  predic1on  system  for  regional  climate  and  extremes  (Vecchi  et  

al.  2014,  Murakami  et  al.  2015  )    

Delworth  et  al.  (2012),  Vecchi  et  al.  (2014)  

Medium  resolu1on  (CM2.1)  

High  resolu1on  (CM2.5-­‐FLOR)  

Precipita1on  in  Northeast  USA  

Modified  version  of  CM2.5  (Delworth  et  al.  2012):  •  50km  cubed-­‐sphere  atmosphere  •  1°  ocean/sea  ice  (low  res  enables  predic1on  work)  Contributed  to  NMME  from  March  2014  

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Computa1on  cost    

CM2.1/LOAR   FLOR   HiFLOR  Atmospheric  Grid  Cell  Size  

200  km  (~160  miles)  

50  km  (~30  miles)  

25  km  (~16  miles)  

Compu:ng  Cost   1   20   120  

Size  of  5  Year  of  Daily  Data  File  (ex:  Total  Precipita:on)  

91  MB   1.5  GB   7.1  GB  

Model  eleva1on  

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Tropical  cyclones  (TCs)  and  extratropical  storms  (ETSs)  cause  weather/climate  extremes  for  natural  disasters  (winds,  flooding,  blizzards)    

   •  Hypothesis:  Enhanced  resolu1on  improves  simula1on  (fidelity)  

and  predic1on  of  regional  climate  &  extremes  (TCs  and  ETSs).      •  Tropical  cyclones  (TCs)  

•  GFDL-­‐CM2.1  (~200x250km  atmosphere/land,  1°  ocean/sea  ice):  No-­‐TC  •  GFDL-­‐FLOR  (50km  atmosphere/land):  TC-­‐permifng  •  GFDL-­‐HiFLOR  (25km  atmosphere/land):  TC-­‐category-­‐resolving    

•  Extratropical  storms  (ETSs)  •  All  the  three  models  resolve  ETSs  •  Can  we  s1ll  improve  ETSs  with  high-­‐res  models?  

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HiFLOR:  doubling  atmospheric  resolu1on  of  FLOR  (cost  6x)  allows    model  to  simulate  Cat.  4-­‐5  TCs  (most  destruc1ve  storms)  

Murakami  et  al.  (2015)  

Fidelity of TCs

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Model  fidelity  of  ETS:  Can  we  do  it  beYer  using  high-­‐res?  

FLOR/HiFLOR  improves  climatological  ETS  over  North  America,  North  Atlan1c,  Eurasia  and  Southern  Ocean.  

Contour:  ETS  climatology;  Shaded:  Model  bias    

DJF  ETS:    Var(filtered  6-­‐hourly  SLP)  

Fidelity of ETS

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GFDL-­‐FLOR  ini1aliza1on:  Phase  1,  NMME    

•  Ocean  &  sea  ice  ini1alized  from  CM2.1  V3.1  EnKF  Assimila1on  •  Atmosphere  and  land  ini1alized  from  ensembles  of  AGCM  driven  by  

observed  SST  (i.e.,  only  informa1on  contained  in  SST  and  radia1ve  forcing  in  atmos/land  ICs)    

•  Uncoupled  ini1aliza1on:  high-­‐res  ensemble  coupled  data  assimila1on  computa1onally  expensive.  

•  References:  Jia  et  al.  (2014,  J.  Clim.),  Msadek  et  al.  (2014,  J.  Clim.),  Vecchi  et  al.  (2014,  J.  Clim.),  Yang  et  al.  (2015,  J.  Clim.),  Murakami  et  al.  (2015,  J.  Clim.)  

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Regional  ENSO  rainfall  paRern  improved  in  FLOR  (skill  up  too)  

obs

a

CM2.5_FLOR

c

CM2.1

e

obs

b

CM2.5_FLOR

d

CM2.1

f

−0.9 −0.7 −0.5 −0.3 −0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

Figure 2: Observed pattern of precipitation response (in mmday−1 per unit variate) to ENSO

in low latitudes Americas and tropical Asia(a, b); Spatial structure of the most predictable

component of land precipitation (in mmday−1 per unit variate) from CM2.5 FLOR(c, d) and

CM2.1(e, f).

11

(Jia  et  al.  2015,  J.  Clim.)  Most  predictable  precip  paRern  (mm/day)  

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ETS  predictability:  Leading  Predictable  paRern  of  storm  tracks  is  ENSO-­‐related,  and  is  predictable  up  to  9  month  lead  1me.    

333

333

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6 6 6 6

6

6

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9 9999

999 999

9 12

60oE 120oE 180oW 120oW 60oW 0o 80oS

40oS

0o

40oN

80oN a)

0.70.50.30.1

0.10.30.50.7

1990 2000 2010

2

0

2

Year

Tim

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ries

b)

Nino3.4 Obs

Lead 1 5 Lead 6 10

Nov Oct Jul May Mar0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Initial month

c)

Leading Predictable Component (DJF)

FLOR  

 •  Storm  reduc1on  over  

most  North  America  

•  Time  series  highly  correlated  with  NINO3.4  

•  Skill  is  comparable  with  predic1ng  ENSO  

 

Yang  et  al.    (2015,  J.  Clim.)  

ACC  

Storm  track  (DJF)  :  std(24-­‐hour  difference  filtered  SLP)  

Prediction of ETS

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1-­‐July  Ini1alized  Retrospec1ve  NA  TC  forecasts  with  HiFLOR  (25km  FV3  atmosphere  coupled  to  1°  MOM5)  

! !!"#$%&%'"()*+),")+%-.%'/%.,)01)2345%61,,"372)+5%728%/9:%61,,"372)+%"2%;6)%<-,;6%=;>72;"3$

Prediction of TCs Murakami  et  al.  (2016)  

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GFDL-­‐FLOR  ini1aliza1on:  Phase  2,  research  mode  

 

•  Ocean  &  sea  ice  ini1alized  from  CM2.1  V3.1  EnKF  Assimila1on  •  Atmosphere  and  land  ini1alized  from  a  coupled  FLOR  simula1ons  

with    atmosphere  state  relaxed  to  MERRA  (CFSR)  reanalysis  ,  SST  restored  towards  observed  SST    

•  Predictability  source  arising  from  observed  ocean/sea  ice  and  atmosphere/land  in  P2  

•  References:  Jia  et  al.  (2016,  J.  Clim.),  Jia  et  al.  (2017,  J.  Clim.),  Yang  et  al.  (2017,  J.  Clim.)  

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Seasonal  (MAM)  Temperature  Predic1on  The  Role  of  the  Stratosphere    

SST+Strat

d

SSTonly

e

180oW 120oW 60oW 0o 60oE 120oE 180oW diff

f

15oN 30oN 45oN 60oN 75oN 90oN

ObsAIC

a

15oN 30oN 45oN 60oN 75oN 90oN

SST−forcedAIC

b

180oW 120oW 60oW 0o 60oE 120oE 180oW 15oN 30oN 45oN 60oN 75oN 90oN

diff

c

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Source:  Jia  et  al.  2017,  SubmiGed  

P2  

P1  

Prescribed  stratosphere  +  SST  

SSTonly  

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Flipped  precipita1on  paRern  over  the  Western  US  (WUS)  during  2015/16  winter  VS  the  canonical  El  Niño  paRern    

2015/16   1997/98  

Canonical  

•  The  canonical  El  Niño  paRern:    wet  (dry)  over  the  southern  (northern)  half  over  the  WUS.    

•  2015/16:    almost  opposite  to  canonical    paRern  

•  1997/98:    similar  to  the  canonical  paRern.   mm/day  

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NMME  models  (including  GFDL-­‐FLOR)  predicted  a  canonical  El  Niño  precipita1on  paRern  over  the  WUS.    

I.C.:  1Nov2015  hRp://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/NMME/  

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FLOR  P1  and  P2  hindcasts:  2015/16  

and  1997/98    2015/16:    Flipped  paRern  from  P1  to  P2  towards  the  observa1on  1997/98:    P1  and  P2  have  similar  skill.  

PaRern  Correla1on  Coef.  

2015/16     1997/98    

Obs.  

P1  

P2  

Obs.  

P1  

P2  Yang  et  al.  2017,  J.  Climate,  submiRed  

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Impact  of  land  and  atmospheric  states  on  winter  precipita1on  skill  during  1982-­‐2016.    

The  ra:o  of  the  grid  points  with  posi:ve  significant  correla:on  to  the  total  grid  points:    P1:  17%  P2:  55%          

P1  

P2  

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Conclusions  and  discussions  

•  High-­‐res  model  substan1ally  improves  the  regional  climate  predic1on  skill.  

•  Skillful  seasonal  predic1on  of  extratropical  storms,  tropical  cyclones  as  well  as  Category45  hurricanes  

•  Stratosphere  plays  important  roles  in  the  extratropical  surface  seasonal  climate  predic1on,  so  accurately  modeling  and  observing  stratosphere  could  improve  seasonal  climate  predic1on.      

•   The  appropriate  ini1aliza1on  of  atmosphere/land  in  addi1on  to  the  ocean  could  substan1ally  improve  the  seasonal  precipita1on  predic1on.      

•  Seasonal  predic1on  for  regional  climate  is  a  very  challenge  problem  (modeling  and  ini1aliza1on).      

•  BeRer  skill  is  expected  if  the  predic1on  model  is  ini1alized  using  coupled  DA.      

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Model  fidelity  of  ETS:  mean  and  varia:ons  of  eddy  kine:c  energy  (EKE)  simulated  by  high-­‐res  coupled  models  

FLOR  (1990-­‐control)  improves  climatological  SH  EKE  as  well  as  spa1al-­‐temporal  varia1ons.  

m2 /s2  

SH  baroclinic  annular  mode  (BAM)  (Thompson  and  Barnes,  2014):    •  Leading  EOF  mode  of  daily  EKE  •  Periodicity  of  20-­‐30  days  

Leading  EOF    daily  EKE      

BAM spectrum

250-­‐mb  

Mean  EKE  at  250  mb  

500-­‐mb  

850-­‐mb  Subseasonal  signal  

Fidelity of ETS

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Predicted  circula1on  anomalies  for  2015/16  and  1997/98  from  P1  and  P2  

P2  predicted  the  observed  local  blocking  high  for  2015/16  winter  

Obs  

P1  

P2  

2015/16   1997/98  700-­‐hPa  Height:        contour  Winds:          vector  Moisture:          shading