Getting Started with Open Access

Meredith Kahn and Emily Puckett Rodgers

University of Michigan Library

January 15, 2013

Except where otherwise noted, this work is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyright 2014.

Hello!

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Cou

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Meredith Kahn

Emily Puckett Rodgers

You can find our slides at → http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102035

@m_kahn @epuckett

#ALAtechOA

Tell us about your familiarity with Open Access:

A. I have heard the term before, but I’m not really sure what it means.

B. I follow general trends, but still consider myself a novice.

C. I’d say I have as much knowledge as the average librarian.

D. I’m an expert. Some or most of my work involves OA support.

#ALAtechOA

After participating in this event, you will:

DEFINE● Recognize foundational aspects of these trends in

order to understand, evaluate, and apply open scholarly practices at your own institution

ENGAGE● Be able to engage with these trends in your own

library

PITCH● Know techniques to develop a customized elevator

pitch to your faculty or administration when they have question about these issues

#ALAtechOA

It’s Our Responsibility“Core values of the library community such as equal access to information, intellectual freedom, and the objective stewardship and provision of information must be preserved and strengthened in the evolving digital world.”

-- http://www.ala.org/advocacy/access

#ALAtechOA

Our Call To Action“Libraries help ensure that Americans can access the information they need – regardless of age, education, ethnicity, language, income, physical limitations or geographic barriers – as the digital world continues to evolve.” -- http://www.ala.org/advocacy/access

#ALAtechOA

What Is Open Access?

(Really: How Open Is It?)

Definitions

“Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles, coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment.” (SPARC)

“unrestricted access and unrestricted reuse” (Public Library of Science)

#ALAtechOA

The Short VersionRIGHT TO USE

An author can share their work with others and allow others (scholars) to reuse it in certain ways.

FREE ACCESSAn author can put a copy of the publication in their institutional repository or on a website.

UNRESTRICTEDWhen someone else accesses the document, it is human and machine readable. #ALAtechOA

The Long Version: A lot of Rights (Human)

Reader Rights

• Subscription Only

• Rights to some (Hybrid)

• Embargo (greater or lesser than 6 mo.)

• Immediate access upon publication

Reuse Rights

• All Rights Reserved ©

• Distribution but no changes

• Reuse, changes, but not-for-profit

• Reuse, changes, for & not-for profit

Copyrights

• Publisher holds ©

• Publisher holds © but allows author & readers limited reuse

• Author holds © with no restrictions on author or reader reuse

Author Posting Rights

● Author cannot deposit additional versions

● Author may submit a “preprint” to certain web spaces

● Author may submit “postprint” to any webspace

● Author may post any version to any webspace

#ALAtechOA

The Long Version, Cont’d: A lot of Rights (Digital)

Automatic Posting

● No automatic posting in any third-party repositories

● Journals make copies available in trusted third-party repositories within 6 or 12 mo.

● Journals make copies available in trusted-third party repositories immediately upon publication

Machine Readability

● Article full text & metadata not available in machine readable format

● Full text or metadata may be crawled with permission

● Full text, metadata, citations may be crawled or accessed freely

● Full text, metadata, citations, data & supplementary data may be crawled or accessed through a standard API or protocol

● Full text, metadata, citations, data & supplementary data provided in machine-readable standard formats through API or protocol

#ALAtechOA

What part of the definition of Open Access (right to use, free access, unrestricted)

most interests you?

Why?#ALAtechOA

Those other Opens

Open: Education, Software, DataOpen Education “is built on the belief that everyone should have the freedom to use, customize, improve and redistribute educational resources without constraint.”

-- http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/read-the-declaration

“Free software focuses on the fundamental freedoms it gives to users, whereas open source software focuses on the perceived strengths of its peer-to-peer development model.”

-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software#cite_note-1

“Open data is data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone – subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute & sharealike.”

-- http://www.opendefinition.org

#ALAtechOA

Open… lots of other thingsSoftware (FLOSS)

Learning & Teaching (OER)

Scholarship & Research(Open Access)

Data

#ALAtechOA

Open Access in Practice

What are some common myths you hear from your own communities

about Open Access?

#ALAtechOA

Open Access Myths• “I don’t need to worry about OA. Anyone at a university

will be able to get my article.”

• “If I want to make my work openly available, I’ll have to

pay lots of money.”

• “OA journals don’t use peer review. OA is vanity

publishing.”

• “If I’ve already published in a conventional journal, I can’t

make my work OA.”

• “My students can get access to whatever I assign them.”

• “I don’t need to worry about © if I’m using something for

teaching.”

#ALAtechOA

How do you respond when you hear misconceptions about

Open Access?

#ALAtechOA

Open Access Myths: A Rebuttal• Not everyone who wants to read your work is affiliated with a

university, and not all universities have access to the journal

you published in.

• Not all OA journals have fees.

• Some researchers have access to grant funds when it is

necessary to pay publication.

• You can publish in a non-OA journal and still find a way to

make your work accessible.

• OA and peer review are separate issues. There are many peer-

reviewed OA journals, just as there are many subscription

journals without peer review. #ALAtechOA

Big Trends & Current Events

or Why Open Access

Isn’tGoing Away

NIH Public Access Policy“The NIH Public Access Policy ensures that the public has access to the published results of NIH funded research. It requires scientists to submit final peer-reviewed journal manuscripts that arise from NIH funds to the digital archive PubMed Central immediately upon acceptance for publication. To help advance science and improve human health, the Policy requires that these papers are accessible to the public on PubMed Central no later than 12 months after publication.”

-- http://publicaccess.nih.gov/#ALAtechOA

“The Administration is committed to ensuring that, to the greatest extent and with the fewest constraints possible and consistent with law and the objectives set out below, the direct results of federally funded scientific research are made available to and useful for the public, industry, and the scientific community.”

“Policies that mobilize these publications and data for re-use through preservation and broader public access also maximize the impact and accountability of the Federal research investment. These policies will accelerate scientific breakthroughs and innovation, promote entrepreneurship, and enhance economic growth and job creation.”

-- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/ostp_public_access_memo_2013.pdf

OSTP Memo & Funding Agency Mandates

#ALAtechOA

“Beginning January 18, 2011, proposals submitted to NSF must include a supplementary document of no more than two pages labeled "Data Management Plan" (DMP) . This supplementary document should describe how the proposal will conform to NSF policy on the dissemination and sharing of research results. Proposals that do not include a DMP will not be able to be submitted.”

-- http://www.nsf.gov/eng/general/dmp.jsp

NSF Data Management Plans

#ALAtechOA

In which disciplines do you think faculty will have new incentives to think about funding sources and

publication mandates?

#ALAtechOA

OA + © + CC: Connecting the Dots

©“Creative Commons Spectrum” by Creative Commons Japanused under CC-BY-2.1 ja

#ALAtechOA

Scenarios + Tools

Scenario: Supporting an Author

A faculty member working in public health wrote an article about smoking cessation programs targeted at teenagers. She’s ready to submit it to a journal, but she’d like to make sure practicing professionals without access to a university library can easily find and read it.

What can she do to make sure her article will be as widely accessible as possible?

#ALAtechOA

Scenario: Supporting an Author

• Publish in an OA journal.

• Publish in a traditional, subscription journal that allows self-archiving and/or sharing.

• Publish in a traditional, subscription journal and negotiate to retain rights to the work.

• Deposit the work in an institutional or disciplinary repository.

• Use a stable URL from the repository to share the article on the web, via social media, listservs, etc.

#ALAtechOA

Tools for Supporting Authors

Copyright & Funding Requirements● SHERPA/RoMEO - Publisher/journal

copyright & self-archiving policies● SHERPA/JULIET - Research funders’ open

access policies & requirements

Finding Journals & Repositories● DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals ● OPEN DOAR - Directory of Open Access

Repositories● Ulrich’s Periodical Directory● Disciplinary databases

#ALAtechOA

Tools for Supporting AuthorsEvaluating Publication Venues

● DOAJ○ Is it listed?

● OASPA “Principles of Transparency & Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing”○ Criteria for assessment

● Disciplinary indexes and databases○ Does it appear in these?

● Is it the right venue for the work in question?

#ALAtechOA

Scenario: InfrastructureA faculty member in the French department is the editor of a journal that was recently dropped by its mid-size academic publisher. She and the rest of the editorial board want to continue producing the journal, and would like guidance on how to move forward without the support of a traditional publisher.

What kinds of services did the former publisher of this journal provide that our faculty editor will now need to be concerned about?

#ALAtechOA

Planning & Infrastructure

• Subscriptions vs. open access

• Managing submissions, peer review, and editorial workflows

• Copyediting, typesetting, and production

• Online hosting and preservation

• Print-on-demand services

• Discoverability, SEO, indexing, etc.

• Long-term sustainability

• Maintaining an existing audience while attracting new readers

#ALAtechOA

Tools for OA PublishingInstitutional Repository

• built-in preservation solution

• makes use of existing infrastructure

bepress

•out-of-the box solution

•editorial management

Open Journal Systems

•customizable

•used by many journals

•editorial management

WordPress.org

• customizable

• user friendly

• large user community

Drupal E-Journal● customizable● good for Drupal

shops #ALAtechOA

Scenario: Education & Outreach

You’ve been invited to a student meeting sponsored by your university’s undergraduate honors program. The faculty director would like you to talk to students about open access. However, many of those in attendance will be 1st- and 2nd-year students who are years away from writing a thesis.

How can you find a way to connect with students and make open access seem relevant to their needs and interests?

#ALAtechOA

Scenario: Education & Outreach

How is OA relevant to students?

• paywalls

• alumni access to research databases

• accessing high-quality medical and technical info

How are allied issues like © and CC relevant?

• paywalls

• creative material for re-use

• sharing their own material#ALAtechOA

Finding a conversation starter

• What are your users trying to do? And how can open access enable that?

• What is unique about the community you work with?

• Are there any “teachable moments” they might be aware of?

#ALAtechOA

Finding allies & partnersGeneral Counsel

•author’s addendum

•journal publishing agreements

Professional/Society Memberships

•discounts on author publication charges

•ability to see how various publishing approaches work

Educational and Instructional Technology Support

•experience with problem solving and user support

•experts in their own right

#ALAtechOA

Crafting a pitch1.Identify shared goals.2.Explain what you do.3.Explain why you’re unique.4.Keep it short and focused.5.Ask an open-ended question.

#ALAtechOA

Next Steps1. Read up2. Identify what organizations you’re associated with

that support OAo Consortiao Accrediting bodies

3. Brainstorm who else is interested in OA in your communityo Take the temperature of your constituents (talk to

them)o Identify OA champions, experts, etc.(not just in

the library)4. Work on your pitch

#ALAtechOA

Readings

• Open Access by Peter Suber (MIT Press)

• SPARC’s Open Access resources

• The PLoS Case for Open Access

• The Power of Open by Creative Commons

• CC’s Next Generation Licenses

• ARL’s Scholarly Communication toolkit

• The Scholarly Kitchen

• History of Open Access:o Budapest, Berlin, Bethesda

#ALAtechOA

Questions?

Thank you!

Cou

rtes

y of

Mic

higa

n P

hoto

grap

hy, A

ustin

Tho

mas

on

Cou

rtes

y of

Mic

higa

n P

hoto

grap

hy, A

ustin

Tho

mas

on

Meredith Kahn

Emily Puckett Rodgers

You can find our slides at → http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102035

@m_kahn @epuckett