Getting Started Guide - Granta Design€¦ · Ferrous metals 70–250 GPa Non-ferrous metals...

Getting Started Guide

Getting Started with CES Selector

These exercises give an easy way to learn to use the CES Selector software. The comprehensive CES Help file within the software gives more detailed guidance.

Brief Description of CES Selector There are three main tools in CES Selector: • BROWSE Explore the database and retrieve records via a hierarchical index or tree. • SEARCH Find information via a full-text search of records. • SELECT The central hub of CES Selector, used to apply the Rational Material Selection

methodology. A powerful selection engine that identifies records that meet an array of design criteria and enables trade-offs between competing objectives.

The following exercises cover the use and functionality of these tools.

Getting Started with CES Selector 2

Browsing and Searching

Table:

Subset:

Browse Search Select

MaterialUniverse

All bulk materials

MaterialUniverse

Ceramics and glasses

Hybrids: composites, foams etc.

Metals and alloys

Polymers: plastics, elastomers

Exercise 1 Browse Materials • Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL • Find a record for CONCRETE • Find a record for POLYPROPYLENE • Open a POLYPROPYLENE record

(Double-click on the record name in the tree) • Find PROCESSES that can shape POLYPROPYLENE

using the ProcessUniverse LINK at the bottom of the datasheet

Exercise 2 Browse Processes Browse ProcessUniverse: All processes

Table:

Subset:


ProcessUniverse

ProcessUniverse

Joining

Shaping

Surface treatment

All processes

• Find a record for INJECTION MOLDING • Find record for LASER SURFACE HARDENING • Find record for FRICTION WELDING (METALS) • Find MATERIALS that can be DIE CAST,

using the LINK at the bottom of the record for DIE CASTING

Exercise 3 The Search Facility Browse Search Select

Polylactide

MaterialUniverse

Find what:

Look in table:

• Find the material POLYLACTIDE • Find materials for CUTTING TOOLS • Find the process RTM (Part of a material datasheet and attribute note are shown next)

© Granta Design, October 2009


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PP (Copolymer, UV stabilized) General properties Designation Polypropylene (Copolymer, UV stabilized) Density 0.0325 - 0.0328 lb/in^3 Price * 1.13 - 1.24 USD/lb Composition overview Composition (summary) copolymer of propylene -(CH2-CH(CH3))- and up to 7% ethylene or other comonomer + UVstabiliser additives Mechanical properties Young's modulus 0.179 - 0.183 10^6 psi

Shear modulus * 0.0635 - 0.0651 10^6 psiBulk modulus * 0.328 - 0.336 10^6 psi

Poisson's ratio * 0.405 - 0.413Yield strength (elastic limit) 3.42 - 3.91 ksiTensile strength 3.39 - 3.57 ksiCompressive strength * 4.28 - 4.49 ksiFlexural strength (modulus of rupture) * 4.53 - 5.21 ksiElongation 139 - 865 %

Hardness - Vickers * 7.37 - 7.74 HVFatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 1.36 - 1.43 ksiFracture toughness * 1.37 - 1.44 ksi.in^1/2

Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) * 0.0312 - 0.0328 Thermal properties Melting point * 292 - 307 °FGlass temperature -11.2 - 3.2 °FMaximum service temperature * 148 - 179 °FMinimum service temperature * -13 - 14 °FThermal conductivity * 0.114 - 0.118 BTU.ft/h.ft^2.FSpecific heat capacity * 0.448 - 0.457 BTU/lb.FThermal expansion coefficient 65.8 - 67.4 µstrain/°F Durability to flame, fluids, sunlight Flammability Slow-burning (UL94: HB)

Ver Fresh water y good

Young's modulus Stiffness in tension (also called Tensile Modulus, Elastic Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity). Test notes Young's modulus (E) is the slope of the initial linear-elastic part of the stress-strain curve in tension. Material selection notes Use to select materials with sufficient stiffness (high value) or sufficient compliance (low value). Modulus in tension, flexure, and compression are similar for most materials so can be interchanged for approximate work. Typical values:

Flexible plastics and elastomers < 1 GPa Unfilled plastics 1–4 GPa Reinforced plastics 5–25 GPa Ferrous metals 70–250 GPa Non-ferrous metals 10–310 GPa Technical ceramics 20–700 GPa Ceramics and glasses 1–120 GPa

Click to see science note.

(For more information on the property and to drill down to theunderlying science, follow the hyperlink to the science note)

(Click on hyperlinked attribute names for attribute notes, which provide background information on properties, test notes, and selection guidelines)



Property Charts Exercise 4 Making Property Charts


X-axis Y-axis

Single Property

Density

Yield strength

Young's Modulus

etc

1. Selection Data

MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials

2. Selection Stages

Graph/Index Limit Tree

Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials

• Make a BAR CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) (Set y-axis to Young’s modulus; leave x-axis at <None>) (Click on a few materials to label them; double-click to go to their record in the Data Table)

• Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY (ρ) (Set both x-axis and y-axis; the default is a log-log plot) (Materials can be labeled as before – click and drag to move the labels; use DEL to delete a label) abibqb=qeb=pq^db=

EoáÖÜí=ÅäáÅâ=çå=ëí~ÖÉ=áå=pÉäÉÅíáçå=pí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ëÉäÉÅí=“aÉäÉíÉÒF=



Selection using a Limit Stage Exercise 5 Selection with a Limit Stage


3. ResultsX out of Y pass Rank by: Property A

Material 1

Material 2

Material 3

Material 4

etc.

2130

2100

1950

1876

1. Selection Data


2. Selection Stages


Limit stage

Mechanical properties

Thermal properties

Electrical properties

Max. service temperature

Thermal conductivity

Specific heat capacity

°C200

25

1e15

W/m.K

J/kg.K

Min Max

Electrical resistivity ohm.cmµ

Min Max


Composites

Metals and alloys

Polymers and elastomers

1E+201E+81

Limit guidance

bars

• Find materials with MAX. SERVICE TEMPERATURE > 200 °C THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY > 25 W/m.k ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY > 1e15 µohm.cm (Enter the limits – minimum or maximum as appropriate – and click “Apply”) (Example results: aluminum nitride, alumina, silicon nitride) =

abibqb=qeb=pq^db=

=

=



Graph Selection Exercise 6 Selection with a Graph Stage


Yiel

d st

reng

th

Bar chart

Box selection


Material 1

Material 2

Material 3

Material 4

etc.

2130

2100

1950

1876Density

Bubble chart

Yiel

d st

reng

th

Line selection

1. Selection Data


2. Selection Stages


• Make a BAR CHART of YIELD STRENGTH ( yσ ) (on the y-axis)

• Use a BOX SELECTION to find materials with high values of elastic limit (or strength)

(Click the box icon, then click-drag-release to define the box)

• Add, on the other axis, DENSITY (ρ) (Either: highlight Stage 1 in Selection Stages, right-click and choose Edit Stage from the menu; or double-click the axis to edit)

• Use a BOX SELECTION to find materials with high strength and low density

Selection line, slope 1

Selection box



• Replace the BOX with a LINE SELECTION to find materials with high values of the “specific strength”, ρσ / y

Selection line, slope 1

(Click the gradient line icon, then enter slope in the dialog: “1” in this case. Click on the graph to position the line through a particular point. Click above or below the line to select an area: above the line for high values of ρσ /y in this case. Now click on the line and drag upwards, to refine the selection to fewer materials.)

• RANK the results by specific strength (Yield strength / Density) (Rank by, Stage 1: Performance Index and click on results column to change order from low–high to high–low)

3. Results

Name Stage 1: Index

PEEK/IM Carbon Fiber, UD Composite...

Cyanate Ester/HM Carbon Fiber, UD C...

Epoxy/HS Carbon Fiber, UD Composite...

BMI/HS Carbon Fiber, UD Composite...

...

1.55

1.33

1.24

1.08

Show: Pass all Stages

Rank by: Stage 1: Performance Index

(Example results: CFRP, Titanium alloys, Magnesium alloys)

abibqb=qeb=pq^db=



Tree Selection Exercise 7 Selection with a Tree Stage


Tree stage for material

3. ResultsX out of Y pass

Material 1

Material 2

Material 3

Material 4

etc.

Tree stage for process

Ceramics

Hybrids

Metals

Polymers

Steels

Al alloys

Cu alloys

Ni alloys...

Material

Cast

Deform

Mold

Composite

Powder

Prototype

Join

Shape

Surface

Process

1. Selection Data


2. Selection Stages


• Find MATERIALS that can be MOLDED (In Tree Stage window, select ProcessUniverse, expand “Shaping” in the tree, select Molding, and click “Insert”, then OK) abibqb=qeb=pq^db=

• Find PROCESSES to join STEELS (First change Selection Data to select Processes: Joining processes) (Then, in Tree Stage window, select MaterialUniverse, expand “Metals and alloys” in the tree, select Ferrous, and click “Insert”, then OK) abibqb=qeb=pq^db=



Getting It All Together Exercise 8 Combining Stages


Cast

Deform

Mold

Composite

Powder

Prototype

Join

Shape

Surface

Process

Pric

e


Material 1

Material 2

Material 3

Material 4

etc.

2130

2100

1950

1876

Density

Yield strength

T-conductivity

2000

60

10

Min Max

Stacked stages

Intersection of all stages

1. Selection Data


2. Selection Stages


4. Selection Report

Generate...

Change Selection Data to MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Find MATERIALS with the following properties

• DENSITY < 2000 kg/m3

• STRENGTH (Elastic limit) > 60 MPa

• THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY < 10 W/m.K (3 entries in a Limit Stage)

• Can be THERMOFORMED (a Tree Stage: ProcessUniverse – Shaping – Molding)

• Rank the results by PRICE (a Graph Stage: bar chart of Price) (On the final Graph Stage, all materials that fail one or more stages are grayed-out. The RESULTS window shows the materials that pass all the stages.) (Example results, cheapest first: PET, Epoxies, PMMA, …)

• GENERATE the SELECTION REPORT (Click the “Generate” button below the selection results. A selection report is created, containing a summary of the selection project on page one, and details of each selection stage on page two.)

Exercise 9 Finding Supporting Information (Requires Internet connection)

• With the PET record open, click on SEARCH WEB to find additional information on PET

(CES Selector translates the material ID to search strings compatible with a group of high-quality material and process information sources and delivers the hits. Many of the sources require a subscriber-based password. The ASM source is particularly recommended.) `ilpb=qeb=a^q^pebbq=



Process Selection Exercise 10 Selecting Processes


Mass

Section thickness

kg10 12

4 4 mm

Economic attributes

Physical attributes

Dished sheet

1000Economic batch size

Process characteristics

Primary shaping

ShapeCeramics

Hybrids

Metals

PolymersElastomers

Plastics

Material

Thermoplastics

Thermosets

1. Selection Data

ProcessUniverse: Shaping processes

2. Selection Stages


Change Selection Data to select ProcessUniverse: Shaping processes Find PRIMARY SHAPING PROCESSES to make a component with

• SHAPE = Dished sheet

• MASS = 10 – 12 kg

• SECTION THICKNESS = 4 mm

• ECONOMIC BATCH SIZE > 1000 (5 entries in a Limit Stage)

• Made of a THERMOPLASTIC (a Tree Stage: MaterialUniverse – Polymers – Plastics – Thermoplastics) (Example results: compression molding, rotational molding, thermoforming)



Saving, Copying, and Report Writing

Exercise 11 Adding Comments to a Project Users can add comments to a selection project as a reminder to why they have applied certain constraints and objectives. Comments are displayed on mouse-over, in the selection report and saved in the project file.

LimitStage Properties

Title

Notes

Limit Comments can be added to each selection stage in a project. (Click the Notes icon in the stage window heading, then type in the dialog) Comments can also be added to the selection report summary. For example, adding information on which material was finally selected and the reasons why, provides full traceability of the material selection.

4. Selection Report

Generate... Project Summary

Summary

Title

Notes

Select all materials

Project Settings

Exercise 12 Saving Selection Stages as a Project Edit View etcFile

Open Project

Save Project

Print...

• SAVE the project – (give it a filename and directory location; CES Selector project files have the extension “.ces”)



Exercise 13 Saving a Selection Report

Print Export

4. Selection Report

Generate... Project Summary

Acrobat (PDF) file

• GENERATE the selection report • EXPORT the selection report as a PDF

(Note: You will require a PDF reader such as Adobe Reade to view the exported selection report)

Exercise 14 Copying CES Output into a Document Charts, Records and Results lists may be copied (CTRL-C) and pasted (CTRL-V) into a word processor application

View etc

Cut

Copy

Paste

File Edit

Word processor

Clipboard

• Display a chart, click on it, then COPY and PASTE it into document • Double click a selected material in the Results window to display

its datasheet, click on the datasheet, then COPY and PASTE it • Click on the Results window, then COPY and PASTE it • Try editing the document

(The datasheet in Exercise 3 and the selection charts in Exercises 4 and 6 were made in this way)



Getting the Most Out of CES Selector

Now that you have completed the ‘Getting Started’ exercises, the following exercises introduce you to some additional tools and features that will make your use of CES Selector particularly productive.

Custom Selection Exercise 15 Favorites The Favorites feature enables users to highlight their favorite records e.g. your company’s preferred materials.

Table:

Subset:


MaterialUniverse

All bulk materials

MaterialUniverseMetals and alloys

Non-ferrous

CastAluminum

WroughtAdd to Favorites

Tools

• Browse to the CAST ALUMINUM folder • Add the folder as a FAVORITE (Right click on “Cast” and select “Add to Favorites”) (On the tree and datasheet, favorites are marked with a star ) • Add the “Type 66” PA folder as a FAVORITE as well (Expand “Polymers” in the tree, then “Plastics”, “Thermoplastics”, “PA (Polyamide/Nylon)”) Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials

• Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY ( ρ )

(as in Exercise 4) • SHOW FAVORITES (Click the favorites icon) (On the Graph stage, all materials that are not favorites are grayed-out) (Click on a favorite material to label it) • CLEAR the favorites (Go to Tools > Favorites > Clear) DELETE THE STAGE



Exercise 16 Selection with a Custom Subset Browse Search Select

1. Selection Data

Custom: Define your own subset...

Custom Subset

Selection table: MaterialUniverse

Selection attributes: All bulk materials

Initial subset: All bulk materials

MaterialUniverse


Fibers and particulatesHybrids: composites, foams, etc.

Metals and alloys

FerrousNon-ferrous

Aluminum

Beryllium

Polymers: plastics, elastomersElastomers

Plastics

...

...

The CES Selector databases are supplied with a range of standard subsets (e.g. All bulk materials, Metals, Magnetic materials, etc.) which enable users to restrict their material selection to certain material groups within the database. The custom subset feature enables users to define their own subsets. Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials

• Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY ( ρ )

(as in Exercise 4) Change Selection Data to select CUSTOM Materials:

• Select ALUMINUM and PLASTICS (In the Custom Subset dialog, click on checkboxes to include or exclude records or folders.

A checked box means all records in the folder are selected. A cleared box means no records in the folder are selected. A filled box means some records in the folder are selected.)

(Note: The ‘Selection attributes’ setting defines what properties will be available in graph and limit selection stages) The bubble chart updates.



Exercise 17 Record Coloring

Change Color

Table:

Subset:


MaterialUniverse

<Custom>

MaterialUniverse

PP (Polypropylene)Thermoplastics

Metals and alloysPolymers: plastics, elastomers

Yellow

Red

...

LimeBlue

Restore Default

The CES Selector databases use a standardized color scheme for displaying records (e.g. dark blue for plastics). These default colors can be changed so that particular records can be highlighted.

• Browse to the POLYPROPYLENE folder

• Change the folder color to YELLOW (Right click on Polypropylene and select “Change Color > Yellow”) (Note: Record colors can also be changed by right-clicking on a record in a graph stage or the selection results list) (If the stage from Exercise 16 is still present, the bubble chart updates) DELETE THE STAGE

Exercise 18 Plotting a Combined Property


X-axis Y-axis

Advanced...

Density / (Young's Modulus^(1/2))

1. Selection Data


2. Selection Stages


Many engineering applications require combined properties to be optimized. For example, specific stiffness (Young’s modulus / density) in aerospace, and thermal diffusivity (thermal conductivity/(density . specific heat)) in thermal applications. These types of properties can be plotted using the advanced property feature.

• Make a BAR CHART of the combined property DENSITY/(YOUNG’S MODULUS^(1/2))

(To set the y-axis, click “Advanced”. In the Set Axis dialog, select an attribute, then click “Insert” to create the expression) (Leave x-axis at <None>) DELETE THE STAGE



Performance Indices One of the main components of the rational material selection technique is the use of performance indices. These are combined properties (e.g. Young’s modulus / density) that allow the function of a design to be optimized for a particular application. The performance index finder enables users to quickly identify (and plot) the performance indices that are applicable to their design.

Exercise 19 Performance Index Finder


1. Selection Data


2. Selection Stages


X-axis Y-axis

Function: Beam in bending

Limiting Constraint: stiffness

Optimize: mass

Performance Index Finder

• Make a BAR CHART of the performance index for minimizing the mass of a stiffness-limited beam, loaded in bending

(Set y-axis Function to Beam in bending, Fixed Variables to length and section shape, Limiting Constraint to stiffness, Optimize to mass) (Leave x-axis at <None>)



Exercise 20 Selection with a Trade-off Plot


1. Selection Data


2. Selection Stages


Performance Index P1: cost, c

Heav

y

Perfo

rman

ce In

dex

P 1: m

ass,

mLi

ght

ExpensiveCheap

Trade-offsurface

Many designs require a comprise to be made between competing objectives, for example, maximize performance and minimize cost. The influence of this ‘trade-off’ on material choice can be studied by generating a trade-off plot, where candidate materials lie along a hypothetical curve or trade-off surface (see picture). Optimal materials, for a particular application, are identified by making a judgment on the relative importance of the two objectives (e.g. in aerospace, high performance is more important than low cost).

• Make a BUBBLE CHART of the performance index BEAM IN BENDING, limited by STIFFNESS

(Set y-axis to Optimize mass; set x-axis to Optimize cost) (The materials on or near the trade-off surface offer the best compromise for minimizing mass and cost) (Note: The trade off surface cannot be plotted on a chart by CES)



Functional Data Some properties within the databases are saved as functional data, meaning that data is available for a number of different conditions. This allows users to readily incorporate the conditions of their application into their selection project. For example, using the ‘Fatigue strength model’ the user can specify both the stress ratio and number of cycles for the fatigue strength.

Exercise 21 Viewing Functional Data

Table:

Subset:


MaterialUniverse

Metals

Datasheet

Show/HideLayout: All attributes

Parameters:

Fatigue strength model (stress range)

Stress Ratio=-1, Number of Cycles=1e7


* 34.1 - 49.7 ksi

Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 38.9 - 44.2 ksi

Fatig

ue st

reng

th m

odel

(stre

ss ra

nge)

(ksi)

Number of CyclesStress Ratio=-1

100 1e8

100

• Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL

• Display the functional data graphs (Click the “Show/Hide” button to show all functional data graphs on the datasheet) (Alternatively, click on the , , or buttons to open the graph in a new window and view the equation or data points)

Exercise 22 Setting Parameters for Functional Data

Table:

Subset:


MaterialUniverse

Metals

Datasheet

Fatigue strength model

Parameters: Stress ratio=-1, Number of cycles=1e7


* 34.1 - 49.7 ksi

Parameters

Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 38.9 - 44.2 ksi

Number of cycles 1e7

Stress ratio -1

The parameter values for functional data apply to all applicable functional data types within the datasheet and to all datasheets in the selection project. The parameter values can be changed using the parameters hyperlink.

• Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL The value for FATIGUE STRENGTH MODEL is calculated at the given parameter values for STRESS RATIO and NUMBER OF CYCLES.

• Change the parameter value for NUMBER OF CYCLES (Click the Parameters link and set a new value in the dialog, then click OK. The value in the datasheet will updated.) (To view the updated project setting, go to the Select menu > Project Settings > Parameter Values)



Eco Audit The Eco Audit Tool – only available with the CES Eco Selector edition – calculates the energy used and CO2 produced during five key life phases of a product (material, manufacture, transport, use, and end of life) and identifies which is the dominant phase. This is the starting point for eco-aware product design, as it identifies which parameters need to be targeted to reduce the eco-footprint of the product.

Exercise 23 Eco Audit Project A brand of bottled mineral water is sold in 1 liter PET bottles with polypropylene caps. A bottle weighs 40 grams; the cap 1 gram. Bottles and caps are molded, filled, and transported 550 km from the French Alps to England by 14 tonne truck, refrigerated for 2 days and then sold. The overall life of the bottle is one year. An example product file for this case study is installed with CES Selector in the ‘samples’ folder.

File Edit View Select Tools Window Product Definition

Product name: PET Bottle

Eco Audit Project

Product Definition New Open Save

Product name: PET BottlePET Bottle

Eco Audit Project

Product Definition New Open Save

1. Material, manufacture, and end of life Bill of materials, primary processing techniques, and end of life

Quantity Component name Material Recycle content Primary process Mass (kg) End of life

0%

100%

Landfill

Combust

Downcycle

Recycle

Re-engineer

Reuse

100 0.04Molding0% RecyclePETBottle

Molding

Extrusion

100 0.001Molding0% CombustPPCap

100 1Water

MaterialUniverseCeramics and glasses

Hybrids: composites etc

Metals and alloys


Elastomers

Polymers

PET

Thermoplastics

Quantity Component name Material Recycle content Primary process Mass (kg) End of life

0%

100%

Landfill

Combust

Downcycle

Recycle

Re-engineer

Reuse

100 0.04Molding0% RecyclePETBottle100 0.040.04Molding0% RecyclePETBottle

Molding

Extrusion

100 0.001Molding0% CombustPPCap100 0.0010.001Molding0% CombustPPCap

100 1Water100 11Water

MaterialUniverseCeramics and glasses


Metals and alloys


Elastomers

Polymers

PET

Thermoplastics

MaterialUniverseMaterialUniverseCeramics and glasses


Metals and alloys




Metals and alloys


Elastomers

Polymers

Elastomers

Polymers

PETPET

ThermoplasticsThermoplastics

Eco Audit 2. Transport Transportation from site of manufacture to point of sale

Stage name Transport type Distance (km)

Bottling plant to point of sale 14 tonne truck 550

Sea freight

Rail freight

14 tonne truck

Air freight – long haul

...

Stage name Transport type Distance (km)

Bottling plant to point of sale 14 tonne truck 550

Sea freight

Rail freight

14 tonne truck

Air freight – long haul

...



3. Use Product life and location of use

Product life: 1 years

United KingdomCountry electricity mix:

France

Germany

United Kingdom

...

Product life: 1 yearsProduct life: 1 years


France

Germany

United Kingdom

...


France

Germany

United Kingdom

...

Static mode Energy used to refrigerate product at point of sale (average energy required to refrigerate 100 bottles at 4°C = 0.12 kW)

Product uses the following energy:

Energy input and output:

Power rating:

Usage:

Usage:

Electric to mechanical (electric motors)

days per year

hours per day

0.12 kW

2

24

Fossil fuel to thermal, enclosed systemFossil fuel to electricElectric to thermalElectric to mechanical (electric motors)...

Product uses the following energy:Product uses the following energy:

Energy input and output:

Power rating:

Usage:

Usage:

Electric to mechanical (electric motors)

days per year

hours per day

0.12 kW

2

24

Fossil fuel to thermal, enclosed systemFossil fuel to electricElectric to thermalElectric to mechanical (electric motors)...

4. Report View ReportView Report

Energy and CO2 Footprint Summary:

-16.2-2.68-36.5-129End of life

58.09.697.2344Material

18.93.1311.139.1Manufacture

20.93.4613.848.7Transport

18.43.0514.450.8Use

10016.6100353Total

CO2 (%)CO2 (kg)Energy (%)Energy (MJ)Phase

-16.2-2.68-36.5-129End of life

58.09.697.2344Material

18.93.1311.139.1Manufacture

20.93.4613.848.7Transport

18.43.0514.450.8Use

10016.6100353Total

CO2 (%)CO2 (kg)Energy (%)Energy (MJ)Phase

(Result: Material is the dominant life phase ⇒ Focus on minimizing embodied energy of bottle and/or mass of bottle to reduce eco-footprint of product) Change the “End of life” option for the bottle to “Combust” and note the different impacts on the end of life Energy & CO2



Exercise 24 Saving Eco Audit Product Definition

Product Definition

New SaveOpen

Save

Save As

Eco Audit Project Eco audit projects do not form part of a selection project and need to be saved separately.

• SAVE the product definition – (give it a filename and directory location; CES Eco Audit product files have the extension “.prd”)

Exercise 25 Saving/Exporting Eco Audit Report 4. Report

View Report Report

Eco Audit Project

Print Export

Excel

Acrobat (PDF) file

• GENERATE the eco audit report

• EXPORT the eco audit report as a PDF (Note: You will require Microsoft Excel or a PDF reader such as Adobe Reader to view the exported eco audit report)


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Copyright © 2008 Granta Design Ltd.

CES Selector is a trademark of Granta Design Ltd.

Getting Started Guide - Granta Design€¦ · Ferrous metals 70–250 GPa Non-ferrous metals...

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