Geschiedenis anti-authoritarian movements in west-germany
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Transcript of Geschiedenis anti-authoritarian movements in west-germany
Anti-authoritarian movements in West Germany
„1968 was the fall from grace which brought the Germans foreigners, feminism and other horrors“
Rainer Zittelmann
„The spirit of 1968 civilized the Germans“
and „the late 60s are a social refoundation of the republic“
Antje Vollmer
Domestic problems leading to the formation of the APO
• Deployment of nuclear weapons in Germany (1958)
• „The German education catastrophe“ (1964)
• Spiegel affair (1962) – debate about freedom of press
• Grand coalition (1966)
formation of APO 1966
Außerparlamentarische Opposition APO
APO 1966-68
Death of student Benno Ohnesorg 1967
Leader of the student movement Rudi Dutschke
Baader-Meinhof-Gang / Rote Armee Fraktion
• Andreas Baader• Gudrun Ensslin• Ulrike Meinhof
• Train in the Near East (links with PLO)
• Attack Axel Springer (populist editor), US military bases, symbols of capitalism
„German autumn“
RAF trials 1975-77
Second generation of terrorists try to free the accused
They kidnap and assassinate Buback, Ponto and Schleyer in 1977
Anti-nuclear movement
• Oil crisis in 1973: German government decides to build 40 new nuclear power plants
• „If a nuclear power plant was to be built not far from where you live – would you approve or disapprove of it?“
Campaigners in Wackersdorf
Peace movement
Bonn 1983
Die Grünen
• 1983: coalition with SPD in Hessen (Joschka Fischer secretary for the environment)
• 1983: first appearance in Bundestag
• 1998: coalition with SPD in Berlin (Bonn) (Joschka Fischer secretary of state)
Joschka Fischer, secretary of state 1998-2006
Joschka Fischer…
1968
1974
Joschka Fischer…
1986
1998
Squatters in the 70s and 80s
Campaigners (including Heinrich Böll) at Mutlangen 1983
Debate about article 218 / abortion
• 1972 „Stern“debate• 1974 legislation
allows abortion within first three months
• 1975 revocation by Federal Constitutional Court
• 1976 abortion criminal offense unless there is an „indication“
Population change: surplus of births (+) / deaths (-) in the FRG
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
1960 1964 1969 1971 1972 1978 1990
„Guestworkers“
• 1955: Italy
• 1960:Greece, Spain
• 1961: Turkey
• 1964: Portugal
• 1968: Yugoslavia
Guestworkers in the FRG
Guestworkers in the FRG (mio)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
1960 1964 1966 1969 1973 1976
Settling in ?
Still a guestworker after 40 years?