GERMANY 1933-39

CHILD HITLER 1919HITLER 1923

WWI HITLEREVA AND BLONDIE RALLY 1933

HOW DID HITLER COME TO POWER?• During the depression

the popularity of the Nazis grew. (HITLER LEARNED AFTER 1923 THAT HE HAD TO GAIN POWER POLITICALLY

• In 1932 he ran for president and lost (to Hindenburg)

• 1933 the communists and Nazis were the two largest parties

• Von Papen and Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor to restore order…..

HINDENBURG VON PAPEN

FUHRER

HITLER’S GOALS

• Create a dictatorship – take away personal freedoms

• Racial Purity – Germans were the superior race, Jews, Africans, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the disabled were the enemy.

• Dismantle the Treaty of Versailles• Destroy communism• Reunite all German speaking peoples

(Austria, Czechoslovakia- Sudetenland, Poland)• Lebensraum – “living space to the east”• Aryan supremacy

KEY NAZI LEADERS 1933-45

HEYDRICHGOEBBELS GOERING HIMMLER

EVA BRAUN EVA & GOLDIE ROMMEL EICHMAN

HITLER’S TOTALITARIAN STATE

• BURNING OF THE REICHSTAG 1933 – the Nazis blamed this on a Communist insurrection

• ENABLING ACTS – This law gave Hitler “Marshall law” in Germany

• - opposition was banned• Black shirts – SA – Gestapo and SS• - secret police state was increased (Gestapo,

SS)• - book burnings• - Hitler Youth and the Young Maidens• Concentration camps were opened (for political

prisoners)

Reichstag burning Public burning books

Gestapo banner

Hitler Youth The SS Gestapo

“NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES 1934”

• June 30, 1934 – the SS murdered Rohm (leader of the SA) and 130 others

• Himmler and Heydrich convinced Hitler Rohm was out to replace him.

• Included Strasser (head of the Nazi Socialists)

• Von Schleicher – opponent of Hitler

• Gave Hitler the support of the army, and instilled fear.

• 1934 – Hindenburg died and Hitler took the position of President and Chancellor (became the Fuhrer)

VON ROHM

Third Reich• 1. Discus the New Order

2. Lebensraum

Racial Purity

3. With a partner:

Define Anti-Semitism

• 4. Nuremburg Decree or Laws 1935

Nuremburg Rally

Jewish Bureau

Final Solution

• In 1942 at Wannsee, key Nazis discussed and used the term “Final Solution”

• The removal of Jews from Europe was discussed (Madagascar)

• It was decided to liquidate the Ghettos and to send Jews from across Europe to the death camps (Auschwitz)

FINAL SOLUTION

Wannsee Conference

• held January 20, 1942 at Wannsee.

• Was headed by Heydrich

• The Final Solution for Jews and the Jewish question had changed before this meeting.

• At this meeting it was made clear that the term Final Solution meant the murder of all Jews in Europe.

Einsatzgruppen

Death Camps

Kristallnacht (Crystal Night)

SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• 6. • General Franco? was

the leader of the Nationalist Sect

• Who supported or did not support in the war?

• Germany, Italy, USSR, Britain, France

Austria 1934

• 1934 – DOLLFUSS MURDER

• Germany was forbidden to take Austria

• 7. Aunschlus • The leader of Austria was

murdered by Austrian Nazis

• Hitler mobilized his troops• Mussolini threatened Hitler

and he backed down• Dollfuss was replaced by

Schuschnigg. Chancellor Dollfuss of Austria 1934

Annexation of Austria 1938• Schuschnigg was

pressured by Hitler to stop pressuring Austrian Nazis

• Seyss Inquart (Austrian Nazi) was to be made Minister of the Interior (police)

• Schuschnigg offered to have a plebiscite

• Hitler blocked it & threatened to invade

• Schuschnigg resigned• Replaced by Seyss Inquart• March 12, German troops

were invited to enter Austria to restore “order”

Schuschigg

Seyss Inquart

8. CzechoslovakiaMunich Agreement

Hitler and Benes

• Sudetenland had 3.5 million ethnic Germans

• Britain and France pressured Benes to give up the Sudetenland as they didn’t want a war over Czechoslovakia

• Many of the Sudeten Germans wanted to join Germany

• Chamberlain negotiated for the British and Daladier for the French

• Hitler and Chamberlain met at the Berchtesgaden

• He agreed to let Hitler have the Sudetenland

• Hitler then broke the deal 5 days later and announced he would occupy the Sudetenland

• This would cause a war with Czechoslovakia

• Mussolini then suggested a four country meeting at Munich

Munich Conference / Pact

• Mussolini, Daladier, Hitler and Chamberlain met

• Hitler agreed to postpone until October 10

• They pressured Benes to agree.

• Benes resigned

“I believe it is Peace in our time!”

“I have no more territorial demands!”

The piece of paper

By March 15,1939 Hitler had all of Czechoslovakia

Define APPEASEMENT• REASONS FOR APPEASEMENT:• Britain believed Germany was merely correcting the

Treaty of Versailles• WW 1 was too brutal (repeat not wanted)• Was a strong Germany economically good?• Hitler was anti communist• None of the items on Hitler’s “Hit List” were important to

Britain• They were fooled by Hitler’s deceit.

• 9) German Soviet Non Aggression Pact

• Stalin approached Britain and France with a deal and they turned him down.

• August 23, 1939 Germany and the USSR signed their pact.

• Agreed not the attack each other

• Agreed to carve up Poland