German Aggression 1935-1940. Europe, 1935 The Rise of Hitler (Review) Adolf Hitler –Beginnings WWI...
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![Page 1: German Aggression 1935-1940. Europe, 1935 The Rise of Hitler (Review) Adolf Hitler –Beginnings WWI Veteran –Hates Treaty of Versailles –Nazi Party Tries.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfe5503460f949ce7d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
German Aggression 1935-1940
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Europe, 1935
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The Rise of Hitler (Review)
• Adolf Hitler– Beginnings
• WWI Veteran– Hates Treaty of
Versailles
– Nazi Party• Tries to overthrow
Weimar Republic gov’t in 1923.
– Writes Mein Kampf in prison
– Der Fuhrer• 1933, Appointed
Chancellor• 1934, Reichstag
Fire– Hitler becomes
dictator
– Lebenstraum• “Living Space”
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Germany Re-arms!
• Starting in 1935, Hitler begins re-arming secretly
• Against Versailles Treaty
• Also builds “autobahn”
• October 1936 - “Axis Powers”– Hitler signs treaty
with Benito Mussolini• “An axis between two
great cities, Berlin, and Rome.”
• Against Versailles Treaty
– No secret alliances!
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WWII, The Preview
• Revolution in Spain, 1936– A socialist group seized power in
1936 elections.• “Republicans”
– General Francisco Franco led army in revolt against new gov’t
• “Nationalists” (Fascist/Totalitarian)– Germany backs Nationalists– Soviets back Republicans
• Nationalists win– Francisco Franco, a dictator,
takes power• Sympathetic to Germany
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Guernica
-Pablo Picasso
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Violating Versailles• March 1936, Hitler
remilitarizes the Rhineland.– Violation of
Versailles Treaty!
• March 1938, Hitler moves troops into Austria.– Anschluss = Union of
Germany and Austria
• March 1938, Hitler threatens to annex Sudetenland.– Industrial, resource
rich area of Czech.
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Munich Conference• September 1938,
European powers meet to avoid another war.– Adolf Hitler (Germany)– Neville Chamberlain
(Britain)– Benito Mussolini (Italy)– Edouard Daladier
(France)
• What two countries are notably absent?– Soviet Union and
Czechoslovakia
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• Munich Pact (1938)– Germany can have
Sudetenland as long as they leave the rest of Czechoslovakia alone.
• Appeasement– Giving in to demands.– Refusal to comply
with these demands may lead to war!
• Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia less than 6 months later.– Britain and France do
not declare war.
Munich Pact
“I believe it is ‘peace for our time.’ Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.”
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The Non-Aggression Pact
• Why does Hitler want to sign a treaty with the Soviet Union?
• August, 1939– Hitler signs “Non-Aggression Pact” with Soviets
• Plan to divide up Eastern Europe
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Blitzkrieg!
• Sept 1st, 1939– Hitler Attacks Poland
• Poland, Britain, France declare war
– Blitzkrieg• “Lightning war”
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France Braces For War• “Sitzkrieg” “Phony
War” “Bore War” “Twilight War”– No intense fighting
from October 1939 to April 1940
• British and French mobilize.– Maginot Line
• Along border with Germany
– Underground rails, heavy artillery, thick bunkers
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Invasion of France• April 1940
– Blitzkrieg on Norway, Denmark.
• May 1940– Blitzkrieg on
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg.
• France– Germans mostly go
around Maginot Line– Advance across northern
France to English Channel.
• Splits British/Northern French and Southern French troops.
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Fall of France• Dunkirk
– British/Northern French troops flee across English Channel
• 340,000 troops
• June 1940– French gov’t flees Paris,
escapes to London– Italy declares war on
France– Hitler captures Paris
• Vichy France– Germany occupies
northern 3/5 of France– Southern France becomes
“Vichy” France• Support Nazi Regime