Gerakan Tanah
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Gerakan Tanah
kaitannya denganAnalisis Kestabilan
Lereng
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Peristiwa / fenomena Geologi• Geologi permukaan exogeneous
phenomena
• Geologi bawah permukaan endogeneous phenomena
Longsor adalah fenomena geologi permukaan terkait bwh permukaan
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Geologi TeknikGeologi Teknik
• Peta geologi teknik
• Satuan geologi teknik Engineering rock formation : klasifikasi satuan peta berdasarkan sifat-sifat penunjang keteknikan suatu formasi (litologi, geomorfologi, struktur geologi, hidrogeologi).
• Tanah lapukan (residual --- transported)
• Bahaya Erosi
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LempungLempung
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• engineering geology (en-gi-neer'-ing) is a specialty of geology relevant to (1) the planning, design, operation, and maintenance of civil engineering works; (2) the development, protection, and remediation of ground- and surface-water resources; and (3) other human activities where geologic factors and conditions impact the public welfare and the safeguarding of life, health, property, and the environment.
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Pengambilan Sampel
• Terganggu
• Tidak Terganggu
– Pemboraan Teknik– Sondir
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Beberapa standar investigasi lapangan dan uji laboratorium•Investigasi lapanganBor mesinEngineering geology Pemetaan situasiUndisturbed samplingSPTSondirGeolistrikVane shear InclinometerPermeability (Packer Test)Permeability (falling and constant)Plate loading testDrill logging•LaboratoriumBerat jenisKadar airBatas plastisBatas cairBatas susutPermeabilitasTriaxial CU (A) (Soil)Triaxial (B) (Rock)Triaxial UUConsolidationGeser langsungHidrometerUnconfined CompBerat isiPiezometer casagrandePiezometer Pneumatik•InstrumentasiMetode Pemasangan InklinometerTata Cara Pemasangan Pisometer Pneumatik
SNI 03-3969-1995SNI 03-2849-1992SNI 03-4148-1996SNI 03-4143-1996SNI 03-4153-1996SNI 03-2827-1992SNI 03-2528-1991SNI 06-2487-1991SNI 03-3404-1994SNI 03-2411-1991SNI 03-3968-1995SNI 03-3968-1995SNI 03-2436-1991SNI 03-1964-1990SNI 03-1965-1990SNI 03-1966-1990SNI 03-1967-1990SNI 03-3422-1994SNI 03-2435-1991SNI 03-2455-1991SNI 03-2815-1992SNI 03-4813-1998SNI 03-2813-1992SNI 03-3420-1994SNI 03-3423-1994SNI 03-3638-1994SNI 03-3637-1994SNI 03-3422-1994SNI 03-3452-1994SNI 03-3404-1994
SNI 03-
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Gerakan Tanah
• Longsor
• Nendatan
• Jatuhan
• Amblesan
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Data/ variable Data/ variable
• Variable-variabel sifat fisik dan keteknikan tanah konsolidasi – kadar air (w), – angka pori (e), porositas (n), – derajat kejenuhan (S), berat volume basah (w) dan
kering (d), – densitas () dan berat butiran spesifik tanah (Gs).
• Variabel-variabel tegangan tanah, – tegangan air pori (u), – kohesi ( c), dan sudut geser dalam () – pengujian konsolidasi yang meliputi koefesien
konsolidasi (Cv), indeks kompresi (Cc), swell index (Cs), pra-konsolidasi faktor (Pc).
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Gerakan tanah
Terminologi Longsoran :
• Translational/rotational slide
• Earth flow
• Debris slide
• Debris flow/ torrent track
• Debris slide amphitheater/ slope
• Inner gorge
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• Faktor-faktor berpengaruh terhadap ancaman longsor terkait dengan :– kondisi geologi– karakteristik pengaliran (sungai-sungai)– gradien kemiringan lereng dan konfigurasinya – vegetasi – penggalian massa penyangga di bagian
bawah
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• Definisi: longsoran translasional/rotasional ditandai oleh massa tanah kohesif dan bidang gelincir yang relatif dalam dibandingkan dengan debris slide dari luasan areal yang hampir sama.
• Definisi earthflow adalah sebuah tipe gerakan tanah aliran bahan rombakan dan tanah yang jenuh air dalam kondisi kental dan plastis.
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Translational/ rotasionalTranslational/ rotasional
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Earth FlowEarth Flow
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• Definisi debris slide (longsoran bahan rombakan) adalah sebuah tipe gerakan tanah yang dicirikan oleh batuan tidak padu, koluvium dan tanah yang bergerak menuruni lereng sepanjang bidang longsor translasional yang dangkal.
• Debris slide meninggalkan jejak lereng curam dan gundul pada bagian puncak yang bisa bertahan tahunan dan endapan acak dan tidak beraturan pada bagian tumit.
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Debris SlideDebris Slide
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• Definisi debris flow atau debris torrent track (aliran bahan rombakan / jejak) dicirikan oleh jalur panjang yang gundul, umumnya berupa dinding sungai yang tergerus dan tererosi sangat cepat oleh campuran air dan bahan rombakan. Jenis gerakan tanah ini umumnya terjadi pada saat hujan yang sangat deras di sepanjang aliran sungai
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Debris Flow/ Torrent TrackDebris Flow/ Torrent Track
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• Definisi debris slide amphitheater adalah bentang alam dengan slope-nya terkelupas akibat berkali-kali terjadi longsoran debris (tipis, translasional).
• Definisi inner gorge adalah bentang alam yang terbentuk dari jejak-jejak longsoran dan proses erosi akibat erosi sungai yang aktif.
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Debris AmphitheaterDebris Amphitheater
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Inner GorgeInner Gorge
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Pergerakan MassaPergerakan Massa
Beban Massa Bergerak
Kuat Geser M
aterial Lereng
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Inner Gorge
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Zonasi Kestabilan LerengZonasi Kestabilan Lereng
Zona labil (Fs < 1,07)Zona labil (Fs < 1,07) Zona labil-kritis (1,07 < Fs < 1,15)Zona labil-kritis (1,07 < Fs < 1,15) Zona kritis-stabil (1,15 < Fs < 1,25)Zona kritis-stabil (1,15 < Fs < 1,25) Zona stabil (Fs > 1,25) Zona stabil (Fs > 1,25)
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01 Slope_stability.swf
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