Geothermal energy

Geothermal Energy

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A Presentation on“GEOTHERMAL ENERGY”

Presented by :-

Amit kumar tariniFeel free to [email protected]


What is Geothermal Energy? Geo thermal energy is the heat that lies within the Earth .This heat

energy is obtained from hot rocks present inside the Earth.Geothermal =Geo(earth)+therm(heat).This renewable source constantly producing heat,thus ,making it

inexustable to man kind.Almost 4000 miles beneath the Earth’s surface .This phenomenon

known as geothermal energy gets generated,deep inside the Earth’s core.

Inner core

Slow decay of radio active particle continously high

temprature inside the earth

Mantle

Magma

1800 thick made of magma and rock

crust


What is Geothermal Energy Cont’d? The earth crust broken into several pieces called plates.

Magma close comes to the earth surface near the edges of this plates.

In these place volcano occurs.The lava that erupts from volcanos is partly magma.

Deep underground the rocks and water absorbed the heat from the magma the temprature of rocks increasing around the depth.

Volcano eruption

Tectonic Plates


Geothermal resourcesNaturally occuring large areas of hydrothermal resources are called

geothermal reservoirs.Most geothermal reservoirs are deep underground which no visible clue

showing above the ground.Geologist use diffrent method to find Geothermal reservoirs.The only way

to be sure there is a reservoirs is to drill a well and test the temperature deep underground.

Geothermal energy sometimes find its way to the surface in the form of volcanoes and fumaroles(it’s a hole where volcano gases are realease).

Fumaroles


Active Geothermal resources are usually found along major plate boundry where vocano and earthquake occurs.

Most geothermal activities in the world occur along the borders of the pacific ocean called the ring of fire.

The energy produced mainly using water(hydro) and heat(thermal) is called hydrothermal energy.

Depending upon the temperature of the hydrothermal resource, the heat energy canbe used for heating ,making electricity or a heat pump.

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Different Geothermal Energy Sources

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Hot Water Reservoirs: As the name implies these are reservoirs of hot underground water. There is a large amount of them in the US, but they are more suited for space heating than for electricity production.

Natural Stem Reservoirs: In this case a hole dug into the ground can cause steam to come to the surface. This type of resource is rare in the US.

Geopressured Reservoirs: In this type of reserve, brine completely saturated with natural gas in stored under pressure from the weight of overlying rock. This type of resource can be used for both heat and for natural gas.

Natural steam

reservoirs


Normal Geothermal Gradient: At any place on the planet, there is a normal temperature gradient of +300C per km dug into the earth. Therefore, if one digs 20,000 feet the temperature will be about 1900C above the surface temperature. This difference will be enough to produce electricity. However, no useful and economical technology has been developed to extracted this large source of energy.

Hot Dry Rock: This type of condition exists in 5% of the india. It is similar to Normal Geothermal Gradient, but the gradient is 400C/km dug underground.

Hot dry rock


How Geothermal Energy Is Captured

The most common current way of capturing the energy from geothermal sources is to tap into naturally occurring "hydrothermal convection" system.

where cooler water get down into Earth's crust, is heated up, and then rises to the surface.

When heated water is forced to the surface, it is a relatively simple to capture that steam and use to drive electric generators.

Geothermal power plants drill their own holes into the rock to more effectively capture the steam.

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There are three designs for geothermal power plants.Dry steam

power plantFlash steam power plant

Binary cycle power plant

The steam goes directly through the turbine, then into a condenser where the steam is condensed

into water.

In a second approach, very hot water is depressurized

or "flashed" into steam which can then be used to

drive the turbine.

In binary system, the hot water is passed through a heat

exchanger, where it heats a second liquid—such as

isobutane—in a closed loop. The isobutane boils at a lower temperature than water, so it is

more easily converted into steam to run the turbine.


Direct uses of geothermal energy

Geothermal springs can also be used directly for heating purposes.

Hot spring water is used to heat greenhouses, to dry out fish and de-ice roads, for improving oil recovery, and to heat fish farms and spas.

In Iceland, virtually every building in the country is heated with hot spring water. In fact, Iceland gets more than 50 percent of its energy from geothermal sources.

In Reykjavik, for example (population 115,000), hot water is piped in from 25 kilometers away, and residents use it for heating and for hot tap water.


Direct uses of geothermal energy is appropriate for sources below 1500C

air conditioningindustrial processesGreenhousesAquaculturehot waterresorts and poolsmelting snow


Ground source heat pumpA much more conventional way to tap geothermal energy is by using geothermal heat pumps to provide heat

and cooling to buildings. Also called ground-source heat pumps, they take advantage of the constant year-round temperature of

about 50°F that is just a few feet below the ground’s surface. Either air or antifreeze liquid is pumped through pipes that are buried underground, and re-circulated into

the building. In the summer, the liquid moves heat from the building into the ground. In the winter, it does the opposite, providing pre-warmed air and water to the heating system of the building.However, ground-source heat pumps are catching on in some areas. In rural areas without access to natural

gas pipelines, homes must use propane or electricity for heating and cooling.


Advantage & Disadvantages

Free and renewable.Virtually pollution free and does little damage to environment.Geothermal plant virtually produces no emissions.(don’t use fuel to burn)Operating cost is quite low.Geothermal plants don’t have to transport fuel.like most power plants.Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent on the weather conditions.

Not all area are suitable for production of electricity ( depends on the structureof rocks)The generation of geothermal energy creates noise pollution and releases noxious smells.Even though operating cost are low,cost of setting up a geothermal plant is high.Can run out of steam.Earthquakes(during drilling).There is always a danger of eruption of volcano.

Disadvantage

Advantage


Future of Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy has the potential to play a significant role in world toward a cleaner, more sustainable energy system . It is one of the few renewable energy technologies that—like fossil fuels—can supply continuous, baseload power. The costs for electricity from geothermal facilities are also declining. Some geothermal facilities have realized at least 50 percent reductions in the price of electricity since 1980. There is also a bright future for the direct use of geothermal resources as a heating source for homes and businesses in any location


Enhanced Geothermal system. An approach to capturing the heat in dry areas is known as

enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) or "hot dry rock". The hot rock reservoirs, typically at greater depths below

the earth’s surface than conventional sources, are first broken up by pumping high-pressure water through them.

The plants then pump more water through the broken hot rocks, where it heats up, returns to the surface as steam, and powers turbines to generate electricity.


VIDEO


ConclusionThe right technology at right time

The global community consumes an incredible amount of energy.

Finding reliable and renewable sources of energy is the key to a sustainable future. This is where geothermal energy comes into play.

Geothermal energy can be explained simply by its name. The heat is directly below the Earth's surface, making it a

universal resource. It can be harnessed cleanly and efficiently.It deliver high efficient total heat system compare then othersNever purchase oil,gas,propane Again.Environmentally responsible and Economically compeling.

THANK YOU

Geothermal energy

Environment

Transcript of Geothermal energy