5. TEOTEPMAfl HLI PECYPCVIoA

Mrxanna Mrnueojesuhal n Mrhe Maprltxoerha2

Ancrpar<r: feorepuannn pecypn cy pasHo*Wnu n 6aratn, ann cy Kao u pecypn no4seM*nx nniahnxBoAa HepaBHoMepHo pacnopefer-rh. l-naaFro Hafiagvwre reorepMarHnx pecypca, rj. repualxilx BoAaH[cKe MnHepan[3aqvrje nanaSr,r ce y Maven. flo ceOjnrvr KapaKreprcrrKaMa OBO Harra3nure je caercxorsnavaja. l-eorepuanxn p$epBoap cy rapcrr,rSrKoBaHr rprajacxra KpeqFbaqil n Aonounrv. Marcruansa

reMneparypa repMallHr,rx BoAa y rsevry je oro 100 oC, a uaxcilManHa rcMepeHa je B0 oC na 4y6raxr 618

m y Sorarnhy. AoKa3aHo npocrpaHcrBo oBor Harasilura je oKo 100 km2. f'locrojehe oqeHe yrasyjy 4a je

ca reorepMannov eHepnajoM repMarHlrx BoAa, roje ce Mory eKcnnoarucarv xo4 Sorarnha, voryha

hHreHsrBHa arplr aKBa(ynrypHa npoh3BoAba na nogpyvjy qene Mavee, Hapoqnro opraHcKe xpaHe no

rejcrpoxrajraM cBercKt4M eKonouJKl'rM craHAapArMa, Kao r ronnrQnraqr,rja Sorarraha, [JJa6qa, Ilosxuqe u

Cpervrcxe Mnrpoerqe yKrby.{y'Mr,r 14 cBa ceocKa Hacerba y Maler. Ocrana Hara3[ura reorepManHnx

BoAa HyDKfi reMneparypa ce Hana3e y flocaeo-TaMHaBr r y no,qpyvjy BalbeBcKo-Ml4oHuqKor HeoreHor

6acexa, raxofe y rprajacxnru KpeLrFbaqnMa. Haragnure je orxpraero y [e6pqy, rAe ce reorepManHa

exepnaja rc BoAe reMneparype 60 oC Kopr4cl4 sa rpejarse. Ycropo rpe6a Aa ca rt'oM 3anoqHe cyuebe

xrrapr4qa. V oronnxn Barueea r Muoxraqe reorepManHe BoAe reMneparype o4 25-31 oc ce roprcre 3a

cnoprcKo-peKpeaqhoHe, rypilcl4r.tKe n 6anneonouJKe cBpxe. l-lorexqrajan Hara3[ura o4 Barueaa 4oMnonrqe je raxaa Aa ce reorepManHoM eueprnjoru ta3 oBr,1x Ht4cKoreMneparypHnx BoAa Moxe rpejarr

4eo Barueea u MnoHnqa, nporcBo4r4rr noephe y craKneHrM 6aurrarraa npaseularu cnopr n ryprsau. Ha

noApyvjy lbrara rpe6a ga ce orrprajy BoAe reMneparype oro 70 oC ca xojnuahe 6wn rr,roryhe rpejarr,lqeO lbrar n 1A1BATA 4pyre O6nrare [HreH3hBHOr ropruherua reoTepManxe eHeprnje.

5. GEOTHERMAL RESOURCESby

Mihailo Milivojevid and Mica Martinovid

Abstact Geothermal resources are very variety and rich, but also as resources of underground drinkingwaters uneven dispose. Main o@urrence of geothermal resources, or thermal waters with low

mineralization are in Ma0va area. According to it's characteristics this geothermal resources has world

significance. The geothermal reservoir is in karstified Triassic limestone and dolomite. Maximal temperature

of thermal waters is approximately 1ff) oC, maximal measured temperature is 80 oC at the depth of 618 m

in Bogatid. Proved area of this occurrence is about 100 kmz. Present assessment shows that geothermal

energy from thermal waters, exploited near Bogati6, could utilized in intensive agri and aqua culturalproduction at whole Madva, especially organic food according to restricted world ecologic standards, as well

as toplification of Bogatii, Sabac, Loznica and Sremska Mitrovica including all villages in Madva. Othero6curences of geothermal waters with lower temperature are present in PosavoTamnava and in the areaof ValjevoMionica neogene basin, in triassic limestone. Occurrence of thermal water with temperature of

60 oC discovered in Debrc is utilized for space heating. In Valjevo and Mionica region geothermal waterswittr the temperature of 2$31 oC are utilized in sports, recreation, turistic and balneological purposes.

Potentiality of geothermal resour@ from Valjevo to Mionica could be utilized for toplification of Valjevo andMionica. In the area of Ljig thermal waters with tre temperature of 70 'C is expected which could be usebr toplification of Ljig and other kinds of utilization of geothermal energy

1 4p Mraxarano Mnnraojearah, PygapcKo-reonouxra $axynrer, Eeorpa4, T>ywnnaT2 fnnn. rxx. Mrha Mapruxoauh, Py4apcro-reonouKt4 Saxynrer, Eeorpa4, byunxa 7

i*

1 1 0

IIT

s.1. yBoA

flanaurua qnernnsaqnja ce cBe Btaue cyoqaBa ca eKonouKr4M npo6neurua HacrannM, npe cBera,caropeBaFbeu $ocnnnrx fop[Ba: yraru, xaSra, rac, HyKneapHa roprBa. Taj npo6neu cBaKr4M AaHoMnocraje cae aehn n aeh je Aocr[rao rno6anne pa3Mepe s6or sarafersa arr,locSepe n npoMeHa KnnMe,unjn je rnaBHh y3poK CO2 xacrao y npoqecnMa caropeBaba Sooannrax rophBa. V cyurnxr paAta ce onpoqecy y KoMe re)(|-ba 6orarnx 3a uro gehHr'/ npo$nrou, n re)(|-ba cnpoMauHnx 3a 6pxnM paeeojeu,rpaxr cBe Bnue exeprnje, raKo Aa HeMrHoBHo Aona3n 4o cyxo6a npo$nrxux n eKonouKt4x qrarueea. VraKBhM oAHOcl,tMa reorepMaflHn pecypcr4 cy BeoMa noAecHr 3aro ulro ce Mory BeoMa paqroHaJlHoKopvlcrrrn y MHorrM o6nacrnua r npoqec[Ma 6eg urerxnx eKonouKfi nocne4rqa.

l-eorepnaanna eHeprrja je ronnora 3eurue, flourro je py6run geo 3eururHe yHfrpauFbocrr,r BeoMa3arpejax, Lt AenrMl4qHo ,tcronrbeH, To 360r rora ronnora rer.re npeMa rsexoj noapu[, a reMneparypacreHa pacre ca noeehaeaFoen,t gy6uxe. Henocpe4noM onaxaby, l4crpaK[Ba]6y, eKcnnoaratryin nxopnuhersy AocrynaH je cauo penarrBHo Manr,r Aeo oA oBe MraHrcKe Kon[q[He ronfiore, ra ro oxajrojn je aKyMynrpaH y npBux HeKonnKo KhfloMerapa geMrbnHe Kope ucnoA FbeHe noBpult4.

Pacnpocrpabebe Anu npncycrBo reorepMaJrxe exepnaje y 3eunr, oAHocHo y AocrynHoM Aeny beHexope je yH[Bep3anHo. To gxavn Aa ce oHa Hanagn cByrAe, npaKTHqHo oAMa( rcnoA noBpul4 3eurue y:1) xenoposttnM Ann BeoMa Mano nopo3Hr4M, ycrBapr4 "cyBrlM" creHaMa; 2) exavajxo nopo3Ht4M creHaMavnje cy nope hcnybeHe BoAoM nn[ BoAeHoM napoM (no4serune repManHe eoge), n 3) ncronruennucreHaMa-MarMh (=ayn646cKoj naBh). V eegt4 ca oBrM cpeAnHaMa rAe ce Hana3[, reorepManHa exeprnjace "4enn" xa: 1) xn,qporeoTepMaJ'lHy (=reorepr.lanna exeprraja aKyMynr4paHa y noA3eMH[M repMaflH[MBoAaMa vraja je reMneparypa Beha oA oKo 15 "C); 2) nerporeorepManHy (=reorepM?Jlxa exepnajaa{yMynrpaHa y cyBr4M creHaMa ucnoA ,qr6raxe xa rojoj je rurxoaa reMneparypa 15 oC), t,t 3)MarMoreorepManHy eneprnjy (=reorepMaJ'lxa enepnaja aKyMynrpaHa y rvranvrn).

Koxqexrpaqrje nnn ca4pxajn reorepMal'rHe enepnaje y AocrynHoM Aeny seMrbr,tHe Kope HhcypaBHoMepHe y oAHocy ua reorpaScxr nonoxaj noje4uHnx no4pyn{a. Iloje4rana no4pyvja ca BncoKt4Mcarqpxajeu ronnore nocreneHo npena3e y no4pyvja ca HrcKt4M ca4pxajerra ra o6pnyro. Axo cyKoHqeHrpaqule nnn axyuynaqrje reorepMaflHe ronflore raKBe Aa c€ oHa t€ lbr'tx Mo)Ke paqnoHanHo(=eKoHoMl4t{XO) eXCnnOarACaTA n KOpr4CTr4Tr4 KaO eHeprercKl4 t43BOp KOMnapar!4BaH Ca ApyrnMKoHBeHqhoHanHuM t43BopnMa exeprnje y caAaurrueM 14 HeKoM 6y41freu BpeMeHy, oHAa raKBealqMynaqHje npe4craaruajy Hana:!'iuJTa reorepManHe eueprraje. flpeua roMe, y geMrbr4Hoj xopr nocrojeHafla3uuJra repManHHX BoAa r Bpene BoAeHe nape, Hana3[uJra Tonnnx n Bpenrx cyBrx creHa, rHana3],luTa MarMe.

3eurunxa yFrfrpauJFba ronflora finn reorepManxa enepnaja ce xajaehuM AenoM HenpeKnAHo crBapa nnnocno6afa y npoqecy pacna4aba nprpoAHr4x paAtaoa]crrBHrx eneMeHara, noqeB oA MoMeHra crBapat-ba3eurue Kao nnaHere na roKoM rbeHe qr,rraBe eeonyqraje gyre 4,7 unnnlapgn roAnHa. flprpognnp4AHOaKrnBHl4 eneMeHTll @ Hana3e y Behoj unn uaruOj Kon]${r,rHr4 y cBr,rM BpcTatvta creHa. Y cuncnynpoglilBoAbe ronfiore xajaaxHrjn paAnoaKrnBHl! eneMeHrlr, oAHocHo n3oronH cy ypaxrajyur, ropnjyu nrannjyu. 04 yxynxe KonnqrHe reorepManHe ronnore, xoja ce AaHac ng 3eurue n3Hoo4 ra ry6n xposFbeHy noBp[l y aTMocQepy h oKeaHe, npoceqHo, oxo, 65 To notuqe oA paA[oaKT[BHor pacnaAa]baHaBeAeHnx L€orona. Ocralr Aeo nornqe oA naraHor xnaferua 3eurue.

Ka4a ce roBoph o reorepManHoj eHepnrjr o6nqxo ce Mrcnr Ha xrAporeorepManHy eneprrjy, rj.noA3eMHe repMaJ'tHe BoAe r blrxoBe L€Bope Ha noBprur4 3eurue. To je s6or rora uro je voeer xaoronnoKpBHo 6rhe, xoue je sa oncraxax norpe6xa roMora, npaKThqHo oA cBor nocraHKa noqeo AaKopl,'tcrt4 6naro4ern reorepMMHe ronnore aKyMynrpaHe y noA3eMxoj ao4n, xoja ce nojaBnna Ha

1 1 1

noBplut4 3eurue y BrAy repManHnx rcBopa. Kacxraje je s6or Hapacnn norpe6a noqeo 4a racrpaxyjeHaJla3nura rrx BoAa y seurunxoj xopn. Excnnoaraqrja xhAporeorepMaJ'rHe eneprraje je 4o 4axacocaojena raKo Aa xe nocrojn raKBa repMarHa ao4a vraja ronnora ce ne 6n Morna ncxoprcrnrr 6eeo6supa xa ca4pxaj pacrBopeHrx MrHepaflHfi conn A racoBa. Ftpra rpajy je pasaoj rextonorrje saeKcnnoaraqrjy reorepuanHe eHeprraje cyarax Bpenu creHa, AoK ce xa paseojy ercnnoaraqrjereorepManHe exeprnje t€ MarMe y6psano pa4n.

5.2. ONUTE TEOTEPMAJIHE KAPAKTEPIACTVIKE TEPEHA

l-eorepuanHe KapaKrepacruKe Penaje Kony6apa, Mavaa, l-lo4prarue cy BeoMa uHrepecaHlre. To jenocneAhqa rora uro ce oHa Hana3n xa jpxnona o6ogy [.lanoxcxor 6acexa raKo Aa ce noBorbHereorepManHe KapaKreprcrhKe 3eMrbrHe Kope A[peKrHo o4paxaeajy J4 Ha reorepManHeKapaKrephcrrre pernje, Kao r g60r rora uro cy reonouKe h xhAporeonouKe KapaKrepncrt4Ke oBorrepeHa peruje noBorbHe y reorepManHoM norneAy.

fl@rurna lr cacraB 3eMJbrHe xope. ,Qe6rurHa n cacraB geMrbnHe Kope cy oA BenuKor sxavaja sareorepManHy nepcneKrrBHocr HeKor no4pyvja. To' nporsrnasl t,rt3 rora uro ce xajeehra 4eorepecrpt4llHor ronnorHor roKa, rojr 4ocneea BeoMa 6nney 3eMrbrHe noBpult4, crBapa y een,lruuxoj xopr.

Ha ocxoay "Crpyrrypne Kapre Moxopoanvnheaor 4rcrconrrnynrera" (flparau:eanh ra 4p. 1989), era4race Aa je xa reprropnjra oae perrje, Ae6rbnHa 3eMrbnHe rope yje4xaveHa n Aa t slocr o4 25-27 I<m.Baxxo je ncrahra Aa ce aHoMaflHo no4pyvje ca MaJ'roM 4e6rurarou xop, 24-25 km, roje je yje,qxo rno4pyvje MrHI4MafiHe 4e6ruuxe oBor napaMerpa xa qenoj repraroprajra 6neue COPJ, nppKa o4 EpvxorHa sanaAy, nenltefy 3eopurxa Hajyry r Jarse Ha ceBepy cBe Ao O6peroaqa, rj. y no4pyvjy O6penoaaq-Koqerueaa-flo3Ht4qa. Ceaepno oA oBe anoruaaraje Ae6rbrHa Kope nocreneHo pacre H rcnoA yurha fipraxey CaBy AocrtoKe 27 J<rn. Taxofe, ra jpxno o4 axouannje 4e6ruuxa 3eMrbHHe Kope pacre y noqerKycnopo a 3ar[M cae 6pxe uJro ce Btaue yna3[ y r[rnapu4e.

FeorepmanHo norbe. l-eorepuaano norbe je je4an o4 najaaxniyx napauerqa xqn KapaKreprueca,qpx{ r@TepuanHe eneprfie y HeKoM Tewfiy, oAHocHo y Aeny 3ewrbnHe Kope rAe ce Aarn repeHHana3n. l-bera caqnbaaajy ronnorHo norbe, rj. epe4nocrr rycrnHe repecrpr4qHor ronr'rorHor roKa, nTeMneparypHo norbe, rj. ape4nocrr reMneparype Ha pa3nrqtaTrM gy6nxaua y 3eMrbt4Hoj Kopr4. '

l-ycrrxa repecrpl4qHor ronnorHor roKa xa repuropnjn oae perrje He Moxe ce ne4eojeno nocMarparn,eeh y crnony FberoBnx BpeAHocl4 xa repnropnjr cyceAHhx no4pyvja Jyrocnaaraje u Peny6nnt<e Cpncxe,oAHocHo f-faxoncxor 6aceHa n frnnapnga, Kao n oBor Aena Eepone r EalxaHcxor nonyocrpBa.

Meperra BpeAHocrr4 rycr[He repecrpr4rrHor ronnorHor roKa y oBoM noApy.ri Hncy BpueHaopraHrcoBaHo, oAHocHo HaMeHcKl4, aeh cy BpeAHocl4 norpe6xnx napaMerapa 3a beroBo o4pefnearce,qo6njene y ro{f nsaoferua Apyrnx Hcrpal(taBatta r [cnrrnBaFba.

f'lpae no4arre o uoryhhM npoc€riHr4M BpeAHocrr4Ma rycrrHe repecrpr,rlrHor ronnorHor roKa Harepnropnjn oae perrje Aann cy Mnnraojeanh & fleprh (1982). Bpe4xocrra naonnnnla rycrnHeTepecrpr4LrHor ronnorHor roKa 3a oBo no4pyvje cy np[KagaHe npB]r fi11r Ha Kaprn rycrlrHe ronnorHorroxa COPJ (Mnnraojeavfn n Ap.,1987). Oea rapra je raspafexa Ha ocHoBy noAaraKa reMneparypHnMepehba y 6yuornnaua, Kao lr Ha ocHoBy ArpeKTHo n n n*Anpraxo ogpefeHrx BpeAHocl4 TonrorHenpoBo4lbr4Bocl4 c-reHa. Bpegxocrr ronnorHor roKa y Kony6apcxoflo4prarucro-Mavaaucxoj prnjn eyog 9O120 mWm2. One cy ga oKo 5&80 % aehe o4 npoceqHe BpeAHocrlr rycr'rHe repecrpl,teHorTonnorHor roKa 3a KoHr[HeHTaJ'rH[ Aeo Eapone, roja usxocr oro 60^mwm'. IAspaento aHoMarHono4pyvje je Ma..rBa rAe BpeAHocrr,r oBor napaMerpaAocndry > 200 mWm'.

112

TervrneparypHo norbe, oAHocHo BpeAHocr4 reMneparype y nnrhena Aeny seMtbt4He Kope HeonxoAHo je

no3HaBaru sa norpe6e oqeHe reorepManHor noreuqnjula vt nporHmy p€epBfi reorepMaJ'lHl4x

Hara3[ura, jep je ro je4aH o4 rflaBHnx napaMerapa ga raKBe cBpxe. V nnnrrrn,t AenoB[Ma 3eMtbnHeKope reMneparypHo norue je nopeA Apyrnx yrrqaja r noA BenuKru yrnqajeu reMneparypHor norba ta3

Ay1tbnxAenoBa 3eMtb[He Kope, na I ropFber oMoraqa,

flpoceqHe BpeAHocrt4 reMneparypHor norba Ha BenltKnM 4y6uxaua o4pefexe cy Ha ocHoBy MoAencK]lxnpopaqyHa reMneparype oA crpaHe Mrnnaojearaha (1989). flpeua rrM noAaqrMa reMneparypa y oBoj

Wrv\vt aa gy6nano4 5 km rpe6a Aa 6yAe oro 230 oC, Ha 4y6nnuo4 7 km oro 300 oC, u Ha 4y6raHn o4 10

km oKo 420 "C. Ha MoxopoanqrheeoM Ar4cKoHl4Hy[rery npoceqHa BpeAHocr reMneparype rpe6a 4a6y,qe 800-1000 oC.

fle6ruraHa nrrocQepe o4pefeHa npeKo reorepManHor MoAena r3Hoct4 o4 4S60 km(Mranraaojeanh, 1 992).

Crapocr x Bpcra MarMarcKnx npoqeca. Maruarcrn npoqech [Majy cacBnM cnrypHo yrrqaj Ha

reorepMarHo norbe y nnnhuu AenoBilMa 3eMrbnHe rope. Taj frhlpl je eehr uro je crapocr MarMarcKeaKruBHocrr4 MaFba. OHa gasncfi ,r oA Bpcre MarMarr3Ma. flosHaro je ga rracene rnrpysrje usasneajyBenilKe reorepManHe aHouanrje y nnilrKr4M AenoBilMa 3eMtrrilHe Kope, raKo Aa ce xajeehn 6poj

AaHauFbt4x Br4coKoreMneparypHLrx xl4AporeorepMarHnx cilcreMa Hana3il rcHaA 6nA Y rtnxoeoj

6nngnnn.

Ha repraropnjn Pernle Kony6apa, Maqea, flo4prrue Hafla3n ce HeKonnKo no4pyvja y rojnnaa je y

repqr,rjapy 6rna rnrex3hBHa MarMarcKa aKrrBHocr npaheHa yrncK!4Ba$eM rpaHnroltAHtax nxrpysnja.04 runx Hajnoenarnja cy no,qpyvja l-{epa, Soparse ra Spajxoar4a. V rbtrMa cy rpaHrrohAHe nxrpyenjeorKphBeHe Ha BennKr4M noBptuilHaMa ycneA eposrje r3a3BaHe nHreH3r4BHt4M l43Ar3aFbeM y HeoreHy nKBaprapy. 36or rora y ruraxoaoj 6nnsnlir' neua nojaaa repManHrx BoAa ca reMneparypou eehout o4 30"C. Me5yrr,ru, xajnoenje oruprhe rpaH[Tor,1AHfi creHa y Maqen yKa3yje Aa noKptaBeHh rpaH[Tot4AHI4nnyroHn ruajy uxoro aehr reorepManHil sxavaj oA orKprBeHnx. Harue, y Sorarrahy 6yurolaHou 53'2yulno ce y nnarnorpaHnre Ha gy6nan o4 1300 m r Kpo3 rurx je 6yulexo 4o 4y6rne o4 1500 m aBpeAHocl4 rycrnHe ronnorHor roKa cy eehe o4 120 mWm' (Mranraeojeanh, 1992). Moxe cenpernocraBurt Aa ce je4aH Aeo oBor rpaHrrorAHor nnfroHa npocrt4pe og Sorarnha npeMa tlepy u

Cer',/l6eprajra, oAHocHo Aa n oH ca noBl4ueHnM caApxajeM paAhoreHnx eneMeHara n bnxoBoMpaAHoreHoM ronnoroM AonprHocl4 nopacry rycTnHe repecrpnqHor ronnorHor ToKa Ha no4pyvjy Maqeer Ceu6eprje

Feorepmanne nojaee. Ha repraropnjr oBe pernje npncyrHo je Bhule nojaaa repMarHnx,repMoMlrHepanH[x t4 M[HepaJrHfi BoAa. Behraxa oA ttrlx je orxpraaexa ncrpaxHvttu 6yuerreu 4ox je

rvra|-bta 6pojy B!1Ay npnpoAHl4x nojaBa-rcBopa.

Tepnanne aoge y flydny.Y ceny [y6rue, oxo 6 km jpxno o,q Eorarnha, xhAporeonoulKl4M ncrpaKHnM6yulerueu 1981. ro4rane y HeoreHnM ceA[MeHr[Ma orKpr4Bena je Ao raga najeeha xnAporeorepMaJ'lHaaxorvranraja y Jyrocnaerjr. flocne nona foAl4He oA beHor orKpnha npr4crynhno ce l43paAn HoBencrpaKHe 6yuornne [5-1 paAn orKpr4ha yapora arouanxnje, Oeou 6yuor]4HoM orKpt4BeHn cycpe4rcorprajacKn Kpeqbaqn y noAnogr HeoreHfi ceAnMeHara, lrls4aurocr 6yu:ornne npfi caMon3nnByH3HocH 15 l/s, a reMneparypa BoAe 50,2

oC.

Tepnanne BoAe y Eorarnhy. Y Sorarr,rhy cy ras6yu.rera rpr aprepcKa 6yHapa y qr4rby o6ee6eferuaKBanrrerHnx BoAa ga nrhe, xao uro je ro rparqrqrja y Maveu, n orKprBeHe cy repMar'tHe BoAe.Hajeehy reMneparypy nuajy repraanHe BoAe xoje ncrnvy nit aprecKor 6yxapa rojn ce Hanasn y

ceBepHoM geny Sorarraha. l4s4au.rHocr caMorasnnBa je oxo 2 lls, a reMneparypa BoAe 27,2 "C.

Hajsxavajxraje nojaee repMaflHnx BoAa cy orKpnBeHe 1986. ro4raxe 6yuorraxorvr 56-1 (T=75 oC, Q=37

l/s), xoja ce Hana3h y Hacerby, r 6yuornrou 65-2 1989. ro4rne, roja ce Hara3n oKo 1,5 km ceeepno o4rpaAa (T=80 oC, Q=60l/s).

I

1 1 3

Tepuanna BoAa y Ma,taancxom flpntunoauhy. Y qeHrpy cena rs6yuteu je "aptecrr 6ynap" y

HeoreHrM rn[HoBrn4M-necKoBl4l4M ceArMeHrilMa. fly6rana 6ynapa je 190 m. [z1s4au:Hocr 6ynapa npr

c:worcnnBy r43Hoct4 oro 0,5l/s, a reuneparypa BoAe 18,9 oC.

Tepmanna BoAa y Eenouhy. Aprecxr 6yHap y oBoM ceny ras6yueu je 1975. roAnHe' Ha ocuoay

Kaporaxa n:4aojex je cnoj necKoBa r urbyHKoBa xa 4y6nnra oA 195-200 m r Kanrnpau. l4s4aurocr

6yxapa renocrna je nocne 6yu:ersa 0,5 l/s,a reMneparypa 23 "C. Hasnavajnraja nojaaa repMarHe eo4e je

orKpilBeHa 6yuornHout 5e6-1 (T=35 oC, Q=15 l/s), .laja ce norcaqurja Hala3n y qeHrpy cena.

Tepnanna BoAa y Merxoanhy. V qenrpy Merxoanha r,repafeHa je 6yurorrana xojotvt je orrpraena

repManHa BoAa reMneparype 65 oC re4au:arcru7lls npr caMorcnrBy'

Tepmanna BoAa y Knet;y.,[y6raxa aprecKor 6yxapa y Kner-sy t43HocLl 170 m. lzls6yuex je 1965. roArHe

y epnjn HeoreHhx rnrHoBt4To-necKoBt4l4x ceArMeHara. lzlsgaunocr caMorcn[Ba h3Hoct4 oro 0,2 l/s, a

reMneparypa BoAe 17,8 oC.

Tepnanne BoAe y llla6qy. V rpagy je 4oca4 rcBeAeHo HeKonrKo AecerrHa 6ylorrna, rj. raxosaaxrx"aprecKnx 6ynapa". Haj4y6rura oA Fbl4x ce Hana3r Ha 4ecnoj o6ann pere Caee. Fberoea 4y6nxa r3Hocl4

230 m. Tenaneparypa BoAe r3Hoct4 24,5 oC npr caMorcnrBy oA oxo 5 l/s. V canu ocrannM aprecK[M

6yxaprarvra r4e je 6rano rexHnqKr ruoryhe rsBecrn repuoruerprajcKa Mepeba oHa cy n3BeAeHa u gfnlena

je npocevna BpeAHocr reorepManHor creneHa xa no4pyvjy rpaAa oA 17,5 mfc.

Tepnanna BoAa y Hohajy. flpe orxpraha nojaee repManHilx BoAa y Ay6ruy nojaaa y ceny Hohaj rvanaje xajeehy reMneparypy. OHa je rsuepeHa Ha caMon3nvly r s aprecKor 6yHapa 5-3. Fberoea 4y6nHa63Hocr4 300 m. fiy6rna KanrrpaHor cnoja o4 necKoBa r3Hoct4 253'257 m. l4s4auxocr caMon3nnea je 1 ,7Us a reuneparypa 29 oC,

Tepnanna BoAa y Pufiaxaua. Y 6nnsn4n Bna.qrarvrrapaqa (Prafare) y noApy.{jy yuha peunqe Mnarae y

peKy Ao6paey nocrojra BeflnKo pas6rjeno rcBopl4ure repManHnx BoAa ca nsBopnMa n 3oHaMa

4rasyer-ror rcrrqaFba. Cee oee nojaee ce Hara3e y anyarajannoj paenn. klseopn cy aprecKn'

iajnosxarrajn oA t-bt4x 3BaHr "OKHo" rMa reMneparypy BoAe 18,0 oC. l4crrqarue repManHilx BoAa ce

Bprur4 r43 rprajacxnx r roprboKpeAH[x Kpeqrbara xojra cy Bt44rbt4Bu y Kophry Mnaree. Vxynxa rcAauHocr

qenor rcBoptlulra n3Hocl4 Bt4ue Og 200 l/S.

Tepnanua n MuHepanHa BoAa y 6enoj Peqn. V oeoM cefly Ha ceBepHoM o6ogy l-lepa xanase ce ABeBeoMa nHrepecanrne nojaee. l-1paa o4 r-urax je nojaea yrboKncenhx eoga.. Ona ce Hanasr y caMoM ceny

y HaHocy 6ene Pexe, lzlcrnqarue xnje ar4rurao, arr Ha rnaaxoj nojaan nocrojr KonaHn 6yxap, oAHocHopy.{Ha nyMna ca rojor"r ce np[Mt4Tr4BHO BpuM "eKcnnoataqnja' rncene aoAe. fipyra nojaBa y oBoM ceny

Ha;;agn ce y 6nnsrann KoHTaKra uKpr4rbaqa n rpaHnra t-lepa. Hapo,qHr HaShB oae nojaae je "CnaHava".

Teuneparypa BoAe n3Hoct4 2O,2oC a rcAauHocr oxo 2lls.

Tepnanne aoge Earue Koauhaee. Oae nojaae cy najnosxarrje y qenoru pa3MarpaHou no4pyvjy'

Earsa je crapraja o4 120 roArHa, jep je craerueHa noA 3aurrrry ApxaBe jour 1 876. roArHe. flpan o6jexar

3a eKcnnoaraqrajy repl,toMltHepanHfi eo4a rasrpafex je 1900. roArHe ra4a je hcKonaH 6ynap "Byr

Kapagnh". fiecer roAnHa racxrje rcKonaH je jour je,qaH 6yHap ca nMeHoM "Kparb flerap 1", xojn je

noBe3aH ca 6yHapon "Byx Kapaqrh" raKo Aa ce rc Fbtax Ao 1990. ro4nHe Lpnena BoAa reMneparype

29,6 oC. Ocni, oae 4ae nojaae nocrojane cy jonr ABe: cyMnopoBt4rl4 hsBop y napKy ca reMneparypoM

2B,g oC h r4!|Bop Ha Mecry crapor Kynarrna, xoje 4arac xe Synrqraoxuue. f'lopeA oBl4x nojaaa

nocrojane cy, rj. nocroje n "xnagHt r43Bopr4" ca reMneparypoM oA 17-20,4 oC ca xa3naou "Jop4ax","Bojeo4a AHTe", "Kxexee[h" h "l-yteBo".

l4crpaxnaarca nojaea n n3Boprlrxra repManHrx BoAa y Sarur Koantbaqh noqena cy 1954. roA[He n

Bpu.reHa cy ca npeKnAAMa 4o 1986. roArHe. l-bnua je yrapfexo Aa ce repMaJ'tHe BoAe Hana3e y

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rprjacxrnr r ropFboKpeAHilM KpeL{FbaqnMa. flpornosue eKcnnoaraqroHe p€epBe repManHe BoAer3Hoce MnHnMarHo 60 l/s ca reMneparyporr,l 30 oC,

Tepmanne eoge Pa,qancxe 6ame. V o6rarr,ty 3ana4Hor Aena rpaHnrorAHor MacnBa Eoparse nopeAcaMor Koprra peqnqe Maan Pa4aru y ceny l-oprsra Pagaru nocrojur r3Bop repManHe BoAe reMneparype2'f ,6

oc. I-lo M. flery u gp. (9nl reMneparypa BoAe Ha !€Bopy je raeuocrana 24oc. hs4aurocr rcBopan3Hocvt oxo 0,5 l/s. V uajy 1978. ro4rane rs6yu.rena je y xenocpe4noj 6nnsraHr r3Bopa ucrpa(Ha6yuorrna 6-2 go,qy6raHe o,q 200 m. Ha Ay6nan o4 120 m npeceqeHa je urapora nyKorlrHa ras xoje je4o6njen caMoh3nhB repManHe BoAe reMneparype 28,4 oc y ronrvrnra o4 oxo 12 l/s.

Tepmanne aoge Earce Eagarce (florca Eagarca). Y ceny florsa 6a4aFba HeAaneKo o4 3aanaxe yanyerjannoj paBHtl pel{rqe Crnyrue, xoja je AecHa nprroKa pexe Ja4pa, nocrojr rcBop "xragHe"

cyMnopoBl4re BoAe. Ha uecry rcBopa rcKonaH je 6yHap 4y6raxe oxo 3 m rs Kora ce MilHepanHa BoAaqpnh pyt{HoM nyMnoM. Tervrneparypa BoAe Ha rcBopy je 14,7 oC, a Koflr4enHa oKo 1 l/s. Oea nojaaa 4o1980. ro4rne nnle 6rna rcrpaxnBaHa. Ta4a cy Hajnpe il3BeAeHa reoSreravra hcnrrnBahba a 3arrM cenphcrynno 6yu:eruy npBe ncrpa;(He 6yuornne 6yu:orrHe py6nne 195 m, roja je npoulna Kpo3 peqHuHaHoc 14 aa gy6nnu o4 15 m yurna y rprajacxe KpeqFbaKe. V1s ftnx je ,qo6rjexa repManHa BoAacaMota3nrBoM y KonrqtaHil oA oKo 2 l/s reuneparype 18 oC.

Tepuanna EoAa y Yeoann4u. V ceny VeoeHnqa, xoje ce Hanase y 6nnennn Jby6oeraje, y KopnryVgoaFlr'{xe peKe Hana3h ce rcBop repMarHe BoAe gBaHh "EaFba" reMneparype 18,1 oC. t4sanparslBoAe ce Bput4 143 rprjacxrax KpeqbaKa. Konr.{HHa eo4e xoja ncr[qe je HenosHara c o6slrpou Aa ce14c14qat-be Bpull4 y peqHoM Kopnry.

Yrnoxnene BoAe y l-lpnw>eay u OrnafieHoa4y.l-lojaaa Krcene BoAe y l-oprueur l-lpnrarueay je yHeoreHhM ceArMeHTrMa xqu nexe npeKo noMore oA neuqapcKt4x creHa naneosojcre crapocrt4.l4seopnr.ure je rcrpaxr,rBaHo raKo Aa carqauFba ,,BAauHocr rcrpaxHhx 6yu:ornHa tagHocl4 oxo 2 l/sBeoMa KBan[rerHe K[cene BoAe reMneparype 19 "C,

l-lojaea y OrnafexoBqy je y BLtAy l43Bopa Mane rcAauruocrr (0,1 l/s) reuneparype 13 oC, rojn ce Hana3ry naneosojcKhM Knacrur[Ma.

Tepmanna BoAa y llernn4u xog Baneaa. Barueey aallnnxa nojacea repManHhx BoAa reMneparypereMneparype 23,8 oC nana3r ce y ceny flernnqa, y anyarajaanoj paexra peLtrqe "Earba". Oau repuanxrl43Bopl4 ce Hara3e oxo 0,5 km xusao4xo oA MqAHor KapcrHor flerxrqror Bpefla, oAHocHo no3Hareflerxrqre nehune. VxynHa rcAauHocr qene 3oHe tacrtaqaFba repManHrx BoAa r3Hoct4 oxo 1O l/s.

flojaaa repManHrx ao4a nr,rje hcrpaxnBaHa 4o 1979. ro4rHe. Ta4a je raspafexa je4Ha nnhrKa r4crpaKHa6yuornxa flr-1 4y6raxe 170 m roja je npouna Kpo3 HeoreHe nanopqe h yuna y 3arnfiFbeHn KoHraKTHr,l4eo rpnjacrhx Kpeqt-baKa. lzlg ruux je 4o6rajena repManHa BoAa ca caMoh3nllBoM y Konr4qrHn o4 oxo 0,5lls n ca reMneparypor.a o4 23 oC.

4ae roArHe xacxrje re6yuexa je xoaa 6yulornxa lir-2 na pacrojarsyoxo 0,5 km xnsao,qno o4 6yurornxe l-lr-1. Oxa je ras6yuexa 4o 4y6raxe o4 500 m npr vervry je npou1naKpo3 HeoreHe ceAnMeHre 4e6rurne 230 m r 3ar[M yuJna y rprajacxe Kpeltt-baKe. Syu.rorraxa je cacaMo[3ffBoM repMaflHe BoAe oA oxo 10 l/s reLlneparype 30,8 oC.

flaxac ce oBe BoAe Kophcre ycnopTcKGpeKpeaqhoHe cBpxe.

Tepnanna BoAa y eny llayne xog Baneea. lz1cro.{xo oxo 2 km oA repManH[x t43Bopa y cenyf'lerxnqa, y ceny flayue Hanagl ce cnrqHa nojaaa repManHnx wga.lA oea nojaaa je ynfrap HeoreHrxceA[MeHara, ann ce y rsexoj xenocpegxoj 6nnguxn Hara3n rcAaHaK rprajacxrx KpeltFbaKa. l4g rseravcrnL+y xJIaAHe rcAaHcKe BoAe ca reMneparypou op,14,7 oC y ronrvrH[ oKo 2 l/s. Ha pacrojarsy o4 10m oA oBor rcBopa Hara3n ce rcBop repManHnx BoAa rc HeoreHrx ceA[MeHara vrja reuneparypaAg+ocn 21 ,8

oC a n3AauJHocr oxo 0,5 Vs.

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Tepuanna eoga "MnaKBa" y fpafioauqu xog Batueaa. Hutasu ce y ceBepHotvt o6o4y Batr'eBcKoMt4oHr4L{Kor HeoreHor 6aceHa, t-lo urecry nojaaruraarca n Haq[Hy ttcr[qa]ba ao4a, oHa je cnrqHa nojaer y

ceny l-'layxe, je4rHa pa3nrKa je y reuneparyU. lrlcrnqarse BoAe ce Bpult4 143 rprjacrnx KpeqbaKa.l-lojaaa ce cacrojn rc ABa rcBopa. Bo4e npsor "xna4Hrjer" ncrnqy n3 Mafle KaBepHe y KpeqFbaqnMa y

Koflr,1qnHr oA oKo 1 l/s renaneparype 15,0 oC. Bo4e Apyror rcBopa hcrt4tty na pacrojaruy og oro 15 rnoA npBor rcBopa. Tervrneparypa BoAe oBor rcBopa r3Hocl4 17,0 oC. Vr<ynna rcAauHocr qenoKynHe 3oHeje oro 10 Vs ra oBe BoAe qhHe cranHn noBplul4HcKl4 ToK "MnaKBy".

fepmanne BoAe KoA Muonnqe. Ha sana4xoj nepra$eprajra Mnoxnqe (Parapn) nprnnKoM neeoferuaperroHanHlrx xl4AporeonouKr4x ncrpaxnBaFba 3ana4ne Cp6nje 1973. ro4rue ns6yueHa je ncrpaxxa6yuorrHa Mra-1 gy6rane 180 rn. [o ,qy6raHe og 130 m 6yuloruHa je npouna Kpo3 BoAoHenponycHenanopoB[Te HeoreHe ceAnMeHTe, 3aT[M KpO3 KpeqFbaKe HeoreHe cTapocTl4, a nocne |.bhx y

AonoMnrlrlfHe KpeqFbaKe r AonoMnre cpe4rserprajacKe crapocrn. Vs tpnlacKfi Kpeqrbara 4o6njen je

caMon3flrB repManHe BoAe reMneparype 27,6o}y Konlqnlvt oro 5 Us. Octatvt osor BeuraqKn crBopeHorcaMon3nhBa nMa r npupoAxnx nojaaa y Kophry fleneHnqe oro 2 km y3BoAHo o4 6yuolaxe Mra-1. Oxe ceHara3e y 6nusnnnvtaAHfix KapcrHlrx Bpena flenenrqe y ceny Kruyv. Je4ax oA l-bfi ce Hana3h oxo 0,5km y3BoAHo y Koprry y noApy.{jy yKrbeureHor MeaHApa flenexnqe. Ter.aneparypa BoAe h3Hoc14 20 oc.

Apyra nojaea ce Hana3n oxo 0,5 km Hneao4Ho oA xflaAHfi Bpena flenennqe, raxofe y Kopnry peKe'

Tepnanne eoge Earue Bpyiqu. V ceny l-oprua Tonnnqa, rj. y no4pyvjy Bpyjqn, xoje je najaepoearxrje

4o6wo rue g6or KapaKrepncrrqHor rcBnparba repManHnx BoAa, nocroje nojaae rcBopa repManHnxBoAa y peqHoM Kopnry Tonnraqe, Bo4e oerx rcBopa BennKe rcAauHocrt4, roja ce Melba oA 2@600 |/s(uepexo y nepno4y Mapr-anphn 1977) xopracre ce y HapoAnoj rrle4rqnnn. l-lpea rcrpaKlrBalba naj6nrxeoKonnHe oBt4x r43Bopa rcBeAeHa ry 1960. roA[He. Tou nprnurou rasae4eno je Brue nflrrKrx 6ytuorrna,xoje cy npoune Kp€ peqHn HaHoc r,r yurne y ropFboKpeAHra Snnur r KpeqbaKe. OerM pa4oaraua je

yrepfeno Aa repManHe BoAe ncrvqy rc ropboKpeAHlrx KpeqhuKa y noApy.{jy r4e je peqHa epoanjaoAHena $nrauxra noKpuBaq. Hexonuxo roAHHa xacxuje no npojer,ry t4 noA pyKoBoAcrBout J. flepnha(1962) H3BeAeHa je je4xa gy6oxa 6yu:orrxa 4y6raxe 450 m roja je HaKoH 320 m 6ylerua rposropFboKpeAHe Kp€qt-MKe yuna y rprjacre KpeqbaKe n saBpueHa y bnMa. Lleuerraqrjou 6yurornne 4o70 m xneo ce noArrao ga 28 crn a ca rnMe je nopacna r rcAauJHocr caMonsnnBa ga 60 l/s. Boga ns oee6yuorrne AaHac npeAcraBtba rnaBHr pecypc Earue Bpyjqn'

fianac ce repMal'lHe BoAe y Saruu Bpyjqr'l Kopr4cre He caMo 3a neqebe, eeh irHoro B]lue, 3a peKpeat+4iyy o,rcreMy orBopeHrx r 3arBopeHnx 6ageHa.

Tepnanna BoAa y lbury. Ha noApfliy Hac€rba Jbnr Hucy nocrojaJre npnpoAHe nojaae rc8opaTepManH[x ao4a. One cy orKpnBeHe Ha ocHoBy r4crpaxhBaqKe xunore3e l-leprh & Mnnraojeanh (1979)

xoja je AennMrqHo AoKa3aHa r:'paAoM 41r6ore ncrpaxHe 6ylornxe 146-1 4y6nxe 950 m. TepuaruleBoAe ce Hana3e y ropFboKpeAHrM KpeqFbaqnMa Ha ffinnn og 80G900 m n ruajy reMneparypy'18 "C.

Oeon 6yurorrHoM Te BoAe ce eKcnnoarnuJy aa norpe6e HoBoorBopexor 6arucxor fleqrflnura nrinhBaqKor 6ageua. V rorcy je saepu:na $asa nspa4e Apyre 6ylornxe xojoru ce ovexyje orxpnherpnjacrnx Kpevruaxa Ao gSr6nxe 1500 m ca repManHoM BoAoM reMneparype oro 70 oC.

5.3. TEOTEPMA'IHA HAJIA3]4IUTA

Ha repra:ropnjn ow pernje npncyrHa cy Haflasrura xnAporeorepManHe euepruje, rj. repuannnx BoAa, l,t

Hana3taura nerporeorepMaflHe eneprnje, rj. xanasnura ron tore y "cyB]4M" rpaH[Tot4AHt4M creHcKl,lM

MacaMa(Cn. 1).

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1 1 6

Kapra reorepMaJrHr4x HanagtauJra (l-xanaerure reMarnHnx BoAa y HeoreHnM ce4nuenrnua; 2-Hana3rure repManHfi BoAa y xapcrn$nroBanrM rap6onarxnM creHcKMM MacaMa uesosojcxecrapocrn; 3-nanagnure repManH,rx BoAa y nHTerctaBHo rcnylp r4M MarMarcKt4M nuerauopQx[M creHcKnM Macarra; 4-xanagnura reorepManHe exeprnje y "cyBr4M rpaH[Tor4AHt4McTeHcKr,rM uacaua)

C. Mrrpoerqao

EEOTPM

l6Jl '|fl ,7;,TA sf7>3 qlr

i"sjb:'q#

<j,i,1'\-;

C n . 1 ,

117

5.4.1. XttgporeorepManHa Hana3llura

Xra4poreorepManHa Hana3hulra, rj. xanasru:Ta repManH[x ta TepMoM[HepaJ]Hfi BOAa Ha pasuarpaxoj

repra-roprajra hMa HeKonrKo Bpcra n oHa c€ Hana3e y oKBl4py pa3nilLll4Tl4x XtlAporeoTepMaflHl4x ct4cTeMa'

OA rsrax xajsxavajxrajn cy xt4AporeorepManHh cl4creMn ca p$epBoaphMa o4 rpnjacxrax (n xpegxnx)

KpeqFbaKa y naJ'teoperbeQy xeorexnx ceAnMeHara.

XttgporeoteppanHo Hanasuwre Maqee. V Ma.{ail reorepManHa ncrpaKltBatta sanoqena cy 1981.

,o,qr*e (fleprah & Mnnreojearah, 1982). lzlcrpaxxra paAoBl4 cy raeaofexn y oKonhHn Sorarnha raKo Aa je

ry ra xajaeha rbhxoBa rycrnHa. Spoj rasee4eHnx ncrpaKnnx 6yuornxa je ce4ar',r, ann o6snpou xa

reonouKr4 cacraB repeHa !l beroBe reoTepManHe KapaJfiepncThKe, MOxe ce pehn 4a je He4Oaoruax'

noulro ce paAr o noKpnBeHoM TepeHy. fio6rajexra pesynrarr y Mauer ce Mory cMarparr Kao BeoMa

Ao6pr4, ann n nopeA rora jou Hr,rje 4ourno 4o roprau:heba reOrepMaJ'lHe exeprnje, HtATn cy

ncrpan(rBatba 3aBpueHa.

XngporeorepManHn cncreM, oAHocHo xr4AporeorepMarHo Hana3[ure Ma'lee je orrpreeHo 1981.

roAr4He xa4a je orKpnBeHa BennKa KoHAyKTr4BHa reorepManxa axouannja y HeoreHrM ceA]4MeF{TnMa y

A'6^v (Mrnnaojearah n Ap., 1982). Pesynral,r r4crpaKnBaba noraeyjy 4a je nncxoreMneparypHn

KoHBeKTuBHt4 xlrAporeorepManHu o4creM "Ma.{Ba" Aeo BenrKor peruoHaflHor, hcror raKBor cncreMa'

xojra ce npocl4pe He caMo hcnoA Mavae, aeh n ncno4 Ceu6epraje r Cpeua, najaepoaarxraje na oKo 6000

km2.

Orxpreexa aHo1aannja y qeHrpanHoM Aeny MasBe, rj. y noRpy.{jy fiy6rue-Sorarnh je xajnrrexenaxnja

KoHAyKr!4BHa reorepManxa axouanrja y jyxxorvr 4eny flaxoxcror 6acexa, jep je y noAtlo3l4 HeoreHl4x

ceAr4MeHaray 6yrlorrnr 55-1 na gy6nnnog475 m orKpnBeHa repManHa BoAa ca reMneparypoM oA

ZS 6C llvtranraeojeant ra 4p., 1987). 36or rora Maqaa npeAcraBtba jyrocnoeencKn n cpncKr "Pe,q Cnor"

xao uro je ro [laroncru 6acex y Eaponr.

pesynrarn npennMnHapHe oqeHe eHeprercKlrx norexqrajala n p€epBh reorepMafiHe exeprrje y

p€epBoapy reorepManHnx BoAa y rpr,rjacxrau Kper{baqnMa, norasyjy Aa je KOA Sorarrha uoryha

excnnoaraqnja reorepManne exepnaje ca repMaflHoM cHaroM o4 xajuarse 250 MW.

peeepaoap y xt4AporeorepMaJ'tHoM o4creMy Maqee npe4craaruajy BeoMa xapcla$raroeaxu rpnjacrr

Kpeqlbaqn. To je yrapfeno y 6yuorrHarda A6-1, E5-1 n 6E.-2. l-beroaa ra."lHa 4e6runxa xnje noexara.

flpe4nocraerua ce rqa je MnHrMaflHo oKo 500 m a MaKchManHa oKo 1000 m (Mranraaojearh n Ap', 1987).

l-loanarxlr t€onarop npeKo p€epBoapa cy HeoreH[ ceA]4MeHT]l. lrlstuepeua reMneparypa Ha Bpxy

peepBoapa je o4 35-80 oC. npeua xr,rAporeorepMoMeTpilMa MaKcrMaflHa BpeAHocr reMneparype y

p€epBoapy rpe6a 4a 6y4e oxo 100 oC (Mrnraeojeenh, 1989)'

Brcore reMneparype Ha Bpxy p€epBoapa o4 rpnjacrnx KpeqfMKa cy y3poK BeoMa BrcoKt4x BpeAHocrl'l

rycTrHe KoHAyKl,tBHor TonnoTHor ToKa t4 TeMneparype y HeoreHl4M ceAnMeHruua. l-ycrnHa TonnoTHOr

ToKa y lbnMa n3Hocn og 14U270 mWm2. 36or rora je n reuneparypa BoAe y anyanjanxrant

@AnMeHTytMa aHoManHo Bt4@Ka lt n3Hoq4 1S1 6 oC. Apyrnrur peqnMa, xoxaerqnja y p€epBoapy je yspox

BennKe KOHAyKTI4BHe reoTepManxe axOuanuje y HeOreHl,rM CeAl,rMeHTnMa Ma'{Be'

flpraxparsraarse p€epBoapa xlrAporeorepMarHor cllcreMa "Ma,.lBa" ca BoAoM ce Bpull4 Ha BHUO

HaqnHa: 1) 4rapemxou uxsnnrpaqrajoM naAaB[Ha no ceBepHou o6opy nnaHrHe l-lep rge cy orKpl'lBeH]r

nepMcKt4, rprajacxr r KpeAHn Kper{}baqn,2) nx,quperrHo Kpo3 TaHaK noMarHn noKpnBaq oA necKoBa I

lutrbyHKoBa r4e ie beroBa 4e6ruraxa nana, 3) AtapeKrHtaM noHrparbeM per{Hfi BoAa peKe fipnxe xoA

Koe!4rbaqe lr peKe TaeHe y rprajacxe KpeqlbaKe y lbt4xoBt4M peeHnM Kopl,lrnMa n 4) 4oroxoM TepManHHx

BoAa L€ 66oxrax AenoBa cltcreMa ca no4pyvja Ceu6epraje ra Cpeua. Oee xnnorege cy AenoM AoKa3aHe[3oroncKnM r4cnnr]tBa]bltua. Harue, repMaJrHe BoAe ]l:t 6yuornna 66-1 ra Ee6-1 (6enornh) ne caApxe

1 1 8

rprrnjyu, tluajy je4xax cagpxaj 4eyreprajyrvra a paenraryjy ce caMo no ca4pxajy rraceoxraxa (lsO)carnacHo l'bl4xoBhM reMneparypaua. TepuanHa BoAa ns 6yuorrne fl5-1 ([y6rue) ]4Ma MHorocrpouauxrju n3oroncKr cacraB oA BoAa us 6yuornna 55-1 ra 5e5-1 ra caApxr4 13,5 T.y. lAcrn tonnrcncarqpxaj rprrnjyr.aa t'lMa n BoAa rc paceAHe 3oHe y 6ynrorrHu 53-2 (Sorarnh) y r,rreraaneBpon]rrhMa Hagy6nnn op' 763-767 m. Oar noAaqh yKasyi 4a je 4eo repManHrx BoAa y jprcror.,r Aeny p6epBoapaunafr oA 30 roAhHa I Aa nol4qe oA ArpeKTHo nH$ranrpnpaHrx na4aBnHa r peqHfi ao4a. Bo4e yceBepHoM Aeny p$epBoapa, rj. Mavae norrt{y oA repManHrx BoAa craprjrax o4 50 roAr4Ha xoje cy ycrcreM "Maqea"

Aocnene ca no4pyvja Cer,,t6epraje r Cpeua, oAHocHo repMaJ'rHe BoAe y p$epBoapyxt4AporeorepMaJ'lHor chcreMa "Ma.tBa" cy MeulaBrHa Mna4t4x H craprx BoAa rc pa3n[L{t4rt4x no4pyvjanp!4xpal-bhBaba. Cer oBr noAaqn eaje,qxo ca noAaqrMa xeunjcxor cacraBa yKa3yjy Ha aKruBaH nporoKBoAe Kpo3 p$epBoap.

Vrynna rcAauHocr cBlrx u3BeAeHrx [crpaxxnx 6yuornna y Mavan npr caJi,tor4glr4By l43Hocr4 oxo 165Us. Tepuanne BoAe rnaajy rvrany yKynHy MhHepanrcaryjy (M < 1 gr) ra nprana4ajy Na-HCOs rnny. l-brxoaxeannrerje npr6nnxnojeAHaK KBanrrery ao4e sa nnhe.

XngporeorepnanHo Hanasuute flocaeo-Tamnaae. Oeo Hana3raure ce npocr!4pe jyrorcrovxo o4I'lJa6qa rcnoA HeoreHhx ceAnMeHara. Fberoea rcroqHa rpaHng je xajaepoaarHr,rje AD( npaBqaflasapeeaq-O6pexoaaq a jpr<xa rpaHrqa ce Hara3h Ha npaBqy Koqerueaa-Ila3apeBaq. CeeepxarpaHnqa c€ Hana3r y CpeMy na ffixott o6opy Opyurxe l-ope. Hanasnulre je orKpnBeHo rcpaAoMreorepMaJ'lHe 6yuorrne y Ae6pry gy6nne 1006 u. PesepaoapcKe creHe npe,qcraaruajy rprajacxraKpeqrbaqr, rojn ce y Ae6pqy, Kao r y ra KynraxoBy Hafla3e na gy6nnn oA oKo 500 m. Oxr cyKoHcraroBaHr xa 416rHu op,2@ m oKo 10 km jpxxo o4 Ae6pqa. floenarHr rsonarop npe4craaruajyHeoreH[ ceA[MeHTn vrja 4e6rurxa BepoBarHo AocnDKe ra 4o 1 000 m Ha [croqHoM Aeny xala3rulra, rj.y oKonvHn O6pexoeqa.

Teuneparypa repManHnx BoAa y Hana3nurry, oAHocHo y p@epBoapy o4 rprajacrrax KpeLtFbaKa Kpehe ceo4 20 na 4o 70 oC. Maxcnuanna BpeAHocr reMneparype rcMepeHa je y 6yu.rolanra EQq-1 y fie6prry nagy6nnn 850 m rAe h3Hoclr 57 oc. Xerurajcru cacraB TepManHnx eo4a je BeoMa no"or"a", saro uro ceoHa rrocne oAy3uMaba ronnore Moxe Kopt4crrru ga nrhe.

Xnqpotwrepuanno Hanaauwre y no+nogn BatbeBcK@Mnonnqxo-&naHoBaqKor Heorelor6aeua. Oeo Hana3rure ce HanaSn yFrfrap xnAporeorepManHor c"creMa xojr ce npocrrpe o4 Baneea4o Jbrra. Vcreapra beroBo npocrpaHcrBo je npr6nraxxo je4xaro npocrpaHcrBy xeorexr,rx ceArMeHaraBdrb€BCKlMnoxrqxo'6enaHoBnt{Kor 6acexa 4o lbrara. flocrojarue oBor xnAporeorepMarHor crlcreMa hFberoBor p€epBoapa o4 rprjacrnx KpeqFbaKa t,r AentaMuqHo oA ropFboKpeAH[x KpeLt]baKa ,qoxasaxo jeHa Blrure noxaquja (Barseao, Mnoxrqa, Earra Bpyjqra, Jbnr).

floanarx!4 t€onarop y cucreMy npe4craeruajy HeoreHr ceAnMeHrH a rcrortHo o4 Earue Bpyjqr npeMaJbrry jou r ropFboKpeAHn "tbl4t!K14"

Snrulxr ceArMeHTh.

l-naeHn p€epBoap y KoMe je Qopurrapano Hana3rurre repManHnx BoAa npeAcraaruajy cpe4rmrprajacxraKp€r{Fbal4x. Oxr cy KoHcraroBaHn 6yuerseru y flernraqra Ha ABe noxaqrje, y Mnonraqn Ha qernp}rnoraqnje n y Sarsra Bpyjqn. l-brxoeo npocrpaHcrBo ce orer<yje n y lbnry. Apyrra p6epBoapnpegcraaruajy ropboKpeAHn Kpeqbqn, Kotucy 6yuerseru orKprBeHh y Earsn Bpyjqr ny Ibnry.

Maxcnuanxe reMneparype repManHfi BoAa ce orexyjy y oHr4M AenoBnMa Ha.na3huJra, oAHocHocncreMa r4e je xajeeha 4e6ruraxa noBnarHor tai]onaropa, oAHocHo HeoreHfi n ropFboKpeAH[xKnacrnt{HHx c€AHMeHara. [o ca4a xajaela reMneparypa repManHrx BoAa y rprajacxru Kper+mqraMaL|(lMepeHa je xoA Mroxnqe r HsHoct4 36 oC, a y ropFboKpeAHHM KpeqFbat-$4Ma y ,br4ry 4g oC. flpeuaxl'lApor^eorepMoMerprMa y rprjacxnu Kpeqba44Ma noryhe je nphcycrBo repManHnx BoAa reMneparype4o 80 oc, a y ropFboKpeAHHM Kp€f{}Mqr4na na no4pp{y lbrara 4o 6ti "c.

1 1 9

l-lpraxparsraBarue chcreMa ce Bpur4 y o6rauy orKprBeHor Aena ,lenrhKor Kapcra ncro..tHo o4 Barueaaxajaehnu AenoM oA MereopcKfi BoAa, flouro je pesepeoap o4 rprjacKyrx t4 KpeAHytx KpeqrbaKaorKpr4BeH xa aenraxoj noBplur4Hr4 ta BeoMa xapcrra$rxoBaH, ro je y rueuy $opunpaxa BenrKa KapcrHa[3AaH. V ceaepnou Aeny oBe ngAaHn rcnoA HeoreHrx r QnnurHr4x ceAnMeHara Hafla3e ce repManHeBOAe a y ocranoM jpr<xor',l rbeHoM Aeny y noApy.{i orBopeHor Kapcra Hana3r ce xnaAHa eo4a. v aoxnMeuaba rnx BoAa jaeruajy ce cneqra$raqHn I BeoMa rHTepecaxrxu $exoueHil KoHBeKqrje, uro je

AoKa3aHo 6yu:ornnaua na nogpyvjy fierxnqe n Saroe Bpyjqr.

Xngporwrepnanno Hana3uute Eat* Koenhaqe. Oeo Hana3rure nprnaAa xrAporeorepManHoMcncreMy Cervr6epraje r Maqee. Saba Koenrbaqa ce Hanacln xa xpajrueu jpt<xotvt Aeny oBor BenrKorcllcreMa, a noA HaJ'ta3HUreM Sarse Koeffbaqe rpe6a noApa3yMeBarn caMo beroB Aeo Ha noApy.{jySalua Kosnrbava-I'losHrqa-fl eunrqa.

Pesepeoap ca repMaJ'tHoM BoAoM qltHe cpeAberprajacxn Kpeqruar{ra. hua nn4nxaqnla Aa ro Mory 6vnn nroprboKpeAH[ Kper{Fbaq],r. fie6ruraxa p$epBoapa npeMa pe3ynrar[Ma rcpaAe ilcrpa>KHrx 6yuornna je

Mr4HnMarHo oxo 5@ m.

floenarxh rconarop npe4craaruajy Snruronnxr ropFboKpeAHn ceAlrMeHru, naneoreHn (eoqeucxu)

Qnnu h HeoreHr ceAnMeHrn.

Pesepaoap xojra ce npasHr npeKo H3Bopr,rurra y Sarun KoBnruavn, npocrt4pe c€ npeMa floennqr n

Jlogxh.{xou norby, raKo n Aa y roM noApy.{iy rpe6a o{eKrBaril nprcycrBo repManHnx BoAa y rprjacxnuxpe.+saqraua. Axo ce ro AoKaKe, raAa 6n ce runxoBa eKcnnoaraqnja norna BpuJt4Tt4 r ga norpe6eroprau:herua reorepManHe exeprr,rje y flosxnqr,r. Marcruaana reMneparypa y Hara:lruJry ce ove4yje oxo50 0c.

Xugpoteorepuanno Hanasuure Pagancxe 6arue. Hanasu ce y oKBnpy rpaHnro[AHor MacHBaEoparue, oAHocHo y rceroeoj nepra$epxoj sonn xojaje nHreHsnBHo ncnyqana. 36or rora raj 4eo MacrBanpeAcraBrba peeepBoap. l-beroeo npnxpaFbnBalbe ce Bpul4 uH$nnrpaqnjoM MereopcKl4x BoAa y

AenoBnMa Mac[Ba ca HaAMopcKoM Br4cl4HoM aehoi, oA HaAMopcKe BtacnHe goHe ncrrqarua y Parqarucxoj6arur. MaxcnuanHa BpeAHocr reMneparype repManHnx BoAa y Hana3nury npeMaxrAporeorepMoMerpuMaje oro 60 "C.

Xnqpoteorcpuanlo Harra3nrate Eattc Eagat*. Tepraanra BoAa ce Hana3n y p€epBoapy oArprajacxnx KpeqFMKa. floanarHl,r r€onarop y xr4AporprepManHoM crcreMy cy HeoreHn ceArMeHrll.flpocrpaxcrBo Hana3rura ce npoqersyje xa oro 20 km'. MaxcnuanHa reMneparypa repMaJ'tHt4x BoAa y

beMy c€ npeMa xnAporeorepMoMerprarvra npoqeruyje na oxo 30 oc.

5.4.2. XrgporeorepmanHo Hana3rutre y HeoreHxm oeAnMeHTrMa Maqee

Oeo xana3lrulre ce jaerba y p€epBoaplrMa oA necKoBa lr urbyHKoBa xajaehnna AenoM HeoreHe nKBaprapHe crapocrl,t. [4gpaAou "aprecKfi" 6yxapa ga norpe6e ao4ocxa64eB8tbo, Kao r reorepManHnMncrpaxlrBabhMa, KoHcraroBaHo je araure aprecKnx 'xopn3oxara'

4o gy6rxe oA oKo 350 m. t4cnog reg16nxe, na Ao naneoperue$a, HaJra3n @ rnnHoBvnenanopoBl,rrr,r @AHMeHTut. Xn4poreorepManHlrcncreM HeoreHllx c€AhMeHara je ca xon4yl<rrBHlrM npeHo@M Tontrore 3a pasn!4{f oA KoHBeKTnBHor yrueroeoj nogno3r4 oA, yrnaBHou, rpnjacxn< KpeqrbaKa !r AonoMrra. Tepuanxe BoAe y HeoreHnM taKnaprapHhM ceArMeHrltMa ro xeur,rjcKoM cacraay o4roaapajy nrjahoj eo4n. Teuneparypa repManHl,D(BoAa ce xpehe o4 2S65 oC r orn je najaehrau AenoM nocneArqa yKynHe 4e6runxe HeoreHnx Hacnara n

4e6ruraxe rlfioBor rnhHoBt4ror Aena Koir4 nexr nsuefy naneoperue$a n Aena ca necKoBttrt4MaprecKhM "xopl43orrrua".

fipyrnu pe{[Ma, rpeja.r repManHnx BoAA y HeoreHnM necKoBnMa cyrepMaflHe BoAe y HrxoBoM naneoperue$y. Tepuanxe BoAe oBor Hana3nura KoHcraroBaHe cy y cKopocBl4M Ha@rbnuay Mavan.

120

5.s. HAflA3LT1UTA yrrbOKl4CErIl4X BOAA

Ha repn'ropnjn Peruje Kony6apa, Mavaea, ['lo4prarse nocroje 4se nojaee yrrboKrceflnx eo4a l-.f-{prorrueeo n Ornafenoeaq. llojaea y l-. l-lprsnrueay je r4crpaKr4BaHa ann beHo Hana3rau:re nr{e4e$rxncano. ExcnnoaraqnoHe p$epBe Kncene BoAe cy 1-2 Vs. l-brxoa xeunjcrn cacraB je aeouanoBotbaH jep ca4pxe Bhue oA 1,5 gI cno6o4nor CO2-Gcd raKo Aa ce Mory ycneuHo $naulaparr,r.[lpnxparsrea]be Hafla3nura BoAoM je cna6raje nero CO2-racoM, oAHocHo rac Aona3[ ca sehe 4y6rane nxa ,q16nxn o4 15S200 m ce Meua ca BoAoM y 6asanxoj ceprajra HeoreHnx ceAt4MeHara, xcfanpeAcTaBrb€r p€epBoap yrrboKhcene BoAe.

5.6. NETPOTEOTEPMA'IHA HMA3I,IIUTA

flerporeorepManHa Hal'ragtaurra npe4craaruajy ar<yrraynaqraje reorepManHe ronnore y cyBr4M creHamao4peferor n[ronouKor cacraBa ns xojrax ce oHa cneqrasravnrM rexHnqKuM nocrynq[Ma, xojn cy y cBeryroroBo nornyHo ocaojeur, Moxe paqhoHanHo eKcnnoarncarra. Hajnoro4nnja raxea Hanagltura c€Hana3e yHfrap rpaH[Tot4AHnx rxrpysrja, roje ce xa repraroprajn Koay6apcxo-Flo4prarscro-Ma.teaxcreperrje Hafla3e y noApyqjy Soparue, !epa, Eorarraha n sana4xo o4 Epajxoaqa.

Texronorrja eKcnnoaraqraje reorepuanHe ronnore rc rpaHnrorAxr,rx ranrpyeraja novena je 4a ce paserajaoA npe B!4uIe oA 20 rognna y qntby nporcBoAFbe eneKrpr4qHe eneprraje. l-bex paeaoj je npannvno3aBpueH, raKo Aa he saxaaruyjyht4 roMe reorepManHa exepnaja nocrarn snavajna y cneAeher',1urnexnjyuy. flouro cy a{yMynaqrje reorepManHe ronnore y qBpcruM creHcKnM cyBr4M MacaMaorpoMHe, ro rpaHrrohAHe [HTpysuje Eoparue, Llepa r Sorarnha, c o6srpou Ha ]bnxoBo uoryhenoA3eMHo npocrpaHcrBo, npeAcraaruajy orpoMaH eHeprercKr4 norexqrajan. V rou norneAy Kao BeoManepcneKrnBHa cpeAhHa 3a rcrpaAFby raKo3BaHrx HDR ('Hot Dry Rock"=cyBa Bpena crena) cncreMa 3aexcnnoaraqujy reorepManHe romore us4eaja ce rpaH"rohAna rarrpysraja xa no4pyvjy Eorarnha garouro je noKprBeHa rconaropcKt4M creHaMa HeoreHe r crapocrr4 14 ruro je rycrrana rep€crprLtHorronnorHor roKa y ruoj aeha og 1 00 mWm2 (Munnaojeenh, 1 gg1).

5.7. MONMHOCT]4 KOPHUJNE}bA TEOTEPMAJIHE EHEPTNJE

O6anpou Ha pacnonoxnBe pecypce, uoryhxocrn ropuuheba reorepManHe eHepuje y PerujuKorqdapa, Mavea, l-lo4pnrue cy BeoMa rioBorbHe. y ToM norneAy ncrnr{e c€ no4pyvjexl,lAporeorepMauHor Hana3rulTa Masae, xoje je yjegxo r naj6orue ncrpaKeHo. Ha 6asyr p€ynraranpenrMhHapHe oqeHe rberoB./tx p€epBr4 nocroje pearHLt npeAycnoBn 4a Mavaa nocraHe "reoTepuanxa

P€r!1jd", rj. no4py.{e ca }tHreH3nBHoM eKcnnoaraqrajou ra xopruherueM r@repMaJlne exepnaje, KaKB}txje mano y cBery, l4g xapcrxor p$epBoapa rprajacxlx KpeqrbaKa n AonoMrra rvroryha je excnnoarar4ajareorepManHrx BoAa reMneparype 80-100 oC ca xojrua 6n e rcBpulrna ronnnsrxaqraja Eorarrha,llla6qa, Cper,,tcxe Mnrpoanqe r llosxnqe, Kao r cBtax ceocKnx Hacerbay Maqan. Vje4xo 6r ce ncra ao4aKopl,lcr}tna y arpnKynrypn n aKBaqynrypn, Tj. y craKneHnu (srucxnu) 6aurral,ra n ronnoBoAH[Mpdruaqrua 3a npoltttaoAmy aoha, noepha, KoH{ryMHe pn6e n pn6rbe unafn, gartaM 3a cyuerte 6wanxnpoK}(lBoAa nerv, 3a pa3nnq]4Te 6norexHonowie, n xa xpajy ga cnoprcKGpeKpeaqnoHe, ryprcrltqKe ]t6arucxe cBpxe (Mranraeojearah n 4p., 1995).

V l-locaeeTamHaB,t reorepManxe BoAe ce Kopr4cre y Ae6ptry y arponHAycrpnjcxe cBpxe. 14 y oeoruro4pytiy uoryhxocrn xopnuherua reorepManHe exepnaje cy, npe cBera, sa nporcBoAlby xpaHe Iryprcar$, eaje4no ca axaaroprajyuou pexe Caae.

l-eorepuannn pecypctt y l-logpraruy o4 Koarruave 4o Jleunytqe cy nepcneKrllBHta 3a nHreH3[BHoxopnufierue. fioxaeaxe p€epBe repMoM]rHepanHnx BoAa rcBopr4ura Sarte Koerrbaqe orrloryhyjy

121

npouu,tpelbe 6arucxnx Kanaqnrera ra rpejarue qenor Hacetba Koe[tbaqa. 3anoqera reorepMaflHa

ilcrpaxnBatta y Jlosnraqr u fleu:xrqn yKasyjy Aa ce reorepManHa exeprrja Mo)Ke Kopl4crl,lTlr nopeA

cnoprcKo-peKpeaqnoH[x, ]4 3a rorurnQraraqraone cBpxe, Kao n eBeFrryanHo y arpnKynrypr y noApy'{iy

flogxn.{xor notrra.

y noApyqjy HaJta3t4ulra HrcKoreMneparypHlrx reorepMaflHfi BoAa neuefy Barueea n Ibura,

reorepManHa eneprraja ce MOKe B@Ma ycneuJHo Kopr4crlrrn He caMo 3a peKpeaqnoHe, ryp[crnqKe h

6ancxe cBpxe, KaKo c€ ro AaHac quHta Ha noje,qraHnu noKan[rer[ua, seh r sa ronnn$rxaqnjy 4enaBaruega, qene Mraoxnqe, u xajaepoearnrje qenor Jbrra. Excnnoaraqnoxe uoryhHocrn KapcrHor

p$epBoapa o4 rpnjacrnx KpeqbaKa cy noBorbHe, raKo Aa ce reorepMaflra exeprnja Moxe Kopi4crl,lrt4 y

arpn u aKBa4ynryph, Hapoqnro y noAp1l.-tiy Mroxnqe, oAHocHo y Aon}rHaMa Kony6ape, Pr6nnqe r

Tonnnqe.

V ocralnu no4pyvjraMa rAe HeMa HnKaKBfi np[poAHt4x Hana3nura reoTepManHnx BoAa, OHa ce Moxe

Kopr4crnr4, Hapoqnro y ceocKt4M gouahrxcranMa, 3a cBe beroBe Bpcre rAe je norpe6xa ronnora Ha

reMneparypHoM Ht4Boy 4o 70 oC nouohy ronnorH!4x nyMnt4. Ha raj HaquH cBfio 4ouahrxcreo uoxe

nqarn eKoHoMnqHo, noy3AaHo r nornyHo eKoflouJKvr vncro rpejarse crau6eror npocropa y 3taMcKoM'

rpejnoru nephoAy 14 ronny caHrrapHy BoAy npeKo qene roALtHe. ,ler[ ca hcrl,lM cl4creMoM ce Moxe

Bptulfrr xnaferue, rj. ronnorxa nyMna orvroryhyje nornyHy rnrruarneaqrajy crau6ennx o6jexara. flopeA

Tora, Moxe ce Bputr4Tr4 t4HTeH3nBhpatte arpffrynrypHe npouSBoArue, jep ce Mory earpeaarn craje,

xr4BnHapHnq[, nnacreHhql4 t4 craKneHtaqn 3a pacaA r rajerue qBeha, noapfia n nbnBa Ha BeoMa

paqnoHanaH HaLtr4H. Moryhe Bpcre Kopr,luherua reorepManHlo( BoAa cy npnKa3aHe nacnwln2.

5.8. OCHOBHT nPABql4 CTPATETnJE nCTPAXl4BAlbA,E KCnn OATAqI4J E 14 KO P14 llJt EFbA rEOTE PMAJI H l4XPECYPCA

Ha repraropvin Perqe Kony6a, MaqBa, f'lo4prrue nprqfrHo je aru:e runoBa reorepManHnx Hanalnura.flpan rrn ie ynfrap Spearcxrax rcAaHn nrajahnx ao4a. l-eorepManHh pecypc y FbnMa npeAcraBrbarorurora nrajahrax ao4a, xoja je reorepManHor nopeKna'

,Qpyna rran ce Harasta yFrfrap @Ar4MeHTHr4x creHcKnx Maca HeoreHe, KpeAHe r naneosojcKe crapocrt4.l-eorepuanxr4 pecypc npeAcraBrba rorinora creHcKfi Maca ca Synxqnjorit xl4AporeonouKux L€onaropan TOnnoTa TepManHfi BoAa yFrrrap necKoBr,{rfi 14 KpeqrbaqKnx Hacnara y}frrap noMeFryrnx cTeHcKt4xMaca.

Tpehn rnn @ Ha'lasn y rprajacxrarl,r t4 KpeAHhM KpeqbaqhMa. l-eorepuanHyl pecypc npeAcraBrba TonnoraTepManHnx BoAay tbl4Ma.

Llereprr rrn reorepManHnx HanasnuJTa npeAqraBtuiy rpaHlnoltAHe creHcKe uace 6e.s snavajxnxKonrqnHa cno6o4xnx noA3eMHnx sogg. l-bro<oB reorepManHn pecypc npeAcraBrba ronnora y raKBnMcyBr,rM cTeHaMa.

flrjahe BoAe y Qpearcxrar',r [3AaHnMa, naKo cy uvra4He' caApxe oApebeHy, penar]rBHo MaJrycner4a$ravxy KonlrqlrHy reorepManHe exeprnje, xoja ce ya nouoh TonnorHlo( flyMnr Moxe paqnoHanHo

eKcnnoarlrc€lrl,t H Kopr4cn4Tn. OBaj pecypc rpaxlt xajuarse cpeAcraBa 3a ynaralbe r $nxaxcnparueheroBe excnnoarar4,rje n xopruherba. EKcnnoaraqnja n xopnufierse oBor pecypca nMa unpoK on@ruoffixocrr,r xopnuhersa y t,tltAt4Br4AyaJrnraj noruonpraap4exc{ npoxr BoAtbl,l n rpejaby. KopruhereureorepManHe enepnaje yl:l oBor pecypca cuaruyje ce norpourba eneKrpt4qHe exepruje. l-eorepmanxnpecypc Qpearcxrax tneguu je no nnarexxeQuxaxcnjcxnu ycnoBnMa FberoBnx noreNqajarnx Kopt4cHnKa

AocrynaH sa xopnuherue.

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l-lnjahe BoAe y KoneKropcKHM HacnaraMa HeoreHe crapocl4 14 creHcKe Mace x[AporeonoulKl4rconaropt4 HeoreHe, KpeAHe r naneosojcKe crapocn4 ca4pxe gHarHo aehe cneqraS[qHe ]4 npocropHeKonrqhHe reorepMaflHe eHeprrje u nuayy npocrpaHcrBo Ha rephroprajra qene perraje.

Tepuanne BoAe ta Tonnora caApxaHa y xrAporeonouKr4M teonaropr4Ma, rj. rurxoBa reorepMarHaexeprrja ce Moxe paqhoHanHo eKcnfloarhcarv n Kopr4crrrl4 Ha vcrr HaL{hH Kao h reorepManHaexeprrja y BoAr,'t $pearcxe ilsAaHh, rj. ronnorHrM nyMnaMa.

Tepuanxe BoAe y rpujacrrar',t r KpeAHLTM KpeqFbaqrMa carqa npe4crasruajy rflaBHil reorepManHr pecypcy perfin. llpocrpancrBo Fbt4xoBr4x Hanasrura je oro 30-40 % o4 noepurne perrje.

l-naeHo Hara3hure je Ha no4pyvjy Mavae r4e cy yje4Ho ra xajaehe uoryhHocrr eKcnnoaraqraje. flocneruera je Hara3[ure y flocaeo-TaMHaBn a 3arhM y no4pyvjy Barueao-Jb]ar.

Tonnorna cxara noje4nHar{Hvrx cr4creMa 3a eKcnnoaraqrjy je BennKa, oAHocHo najaeha y oAHocy HanperxoAHe pecypce. Bennxn chcreMn 3a eKcnnoaraqrajy oruoryhyjy senr,rry rycrilHy Kopl4cHnKareorepManHe exeprrje.

Tonnora rpaHnro,tAHrax nnrpysraja y noApyqjy l-lepa, Eoparue, Sorarnha r,r Spajxoeqa je orpovna raKo Aacy MoryhHocrtt xopnuherua oBe reorepMaflHe eneprnje Bent4Ka. Texnonornja nperBapaba re ronnore yreorepManHy eueprrjy je y caery npaKrilqHo saBpueHa, raKo Aa he ce ycKopo nnacrparr Haxonaepqnjannoj ocnoar. Ona je npe cBera HaMeFbeHa npohsBoArbr,t eneKrpl4L{He enepnaje.

Ha ocHoBy nperxoAHlrx xoxcraraqnja Mory ce cameAarn ocHoBHti eneMeHrr crparenaje AeKcnnoararlnje u xopru:herua reorepManHrx pecypca y pernjn.

3a norpe6e noje4nnavnnx, penarhBHo Maflnx, aar uHoro6pojnr,rx norpoulalra, Kao uJTo cy ceocKa nBehnHa rpaAcKtrx ,qouahnxcraBa, eKcnroaraqrja reorepManHe eneprraje rpe6a Aa ce Bput4 r43reorepMafiHe ronnore xojy ca4pxe "xfla4He" eo4e QpearcK[xngAaHn nouohy ronflorHl4x nyMn4, n n3"cyBl4x" creHa 1,| MflaK[x BoAa y HeoreH[M creHcKr4M MacaMa 4o 4y6raxe oA oKo 300 m MaKcrM€rnHo,TaKobe ca ronnorHr4M nyMnaMa,

Ca ronnorxrM nyMnaMa Mox(e ce BpuJr4Tr4 paq[oHaJ'rHo, noy3AaHo !4 eKonouKr Ltncro Kopr4uherseHaBeAeHt4x pecypca 3a cBe rberoBe apcre (Cn. 2) rge je norpe6na ronnora Ha reMneparypHoM Hl4Boy4o 70 oC. Ha raj HaqrH cBaKo 4ol,rahrxcreo Moxe rMarr4 eKoHoMr4LtHo, noy3AaHo la nornyHo eKonouKr4vncro rpejarce crau6enor npocropa, r ronny caHrrapHy BoAy roKoM qene ro4rHe.

Ceocxa 4ouahnxcrea Mory hHrercnBnparn arpnKynrypHy neorcBoAHry, jep ce Mory garpeBarr craje,xlfBnHapHhqn, nnacreHnq[ ta craKneHfiq[ 3a paca4 n rajerue nospha, eoha, qeeha A fIbABa.

3a norpe6e BerrKrx norpoulat{a, Kao uJTo cy ronnr,r$raraqraja Hacerba n nngyupnja, oAHocHo ganorpe6e KoMnneKcHor ta KacKaAHor caMocranHor tanr y rorvr6raxaquju ca HeKIM Apyr[M KnacnvHt4MeHepreHroM, eKcnnoaraqrje reorepMaJ'rHr,rx p€cypca rpe6a Aa ce Bpur t4HrerpanHo ta3 Hanagtaura yrprjacrnu n KpeAHnM KpeqlbaqrMa. l-lorpouravn r@TepManHnx BoAa h3 oBt4x p€epBoapa rpe6a 4a6y,qy uro aehn xaKo 6r ce nperaopnnr y qeHrpe eKoHoMcKor paeaoja noje4raxrax onur[Ha n perhoHa.To je aeh AoKa3aHo y cBery.

Apyrnu peqnMa, peruoHaflHn paseoj je raoffie y6pgarra na 6agn ropruherua reorepMaJ'tHe enepnaje,Kacxa4ro xopnuherse rpe6a 4a 6y4e ocHoBa cBrx reorepMaJlHfi npojexara t€ oBt4x pecypca. Taxofie,oro rpe6a Aa ce Bpur,1 roKoM qefle roAuHe.

flou:ro ncrpa{<rBal-b? Ht4cy 3aBpureHa, Kao Hh oqeHa peepB!4 reorepManHe eHeprraje y HaBeAeHnMHana3rurhMa, ro eKcnnoaraqnla n xopruherue rpe6a Aa noeHe xa noxaqnjanaa nocrojehnx

124

AtAnlnqyulxrx eehnx norpoualta rAe t,tMa uoryhnocrn Aa ce ttnxoB 6poj npounpr, oAHocHo rpe6anoqerr ca AeMoHcrpaqroHr4M npojerrrua. Tex xa4a ce 3aBpuJe ncrpaxrBaba I oqeHa pegepBn 3aqeno no4pyvje per[oHa, rpe6a 3anoqeru [HreH3nBHy ercnnoaraqrjy ga norpe6e BennKfi norpouaqaxao xpajrser qt4rba, xoja rpe6a Aa npyxr4 r-rajaehe @erre n ouoryhra y6psan pasaoj qene pernje,

flpeua ca4au*uoj cnryaylu xajeehe noje4rxavne norpouaqe y pernoHy rpe6a Aa npeAcraaruajyronnr$uraqnoHr crcreMta LlJa6qa, I1o3Hrqe, Barueaa, Sorarrha, Mraoxnqe u Ibura. OHn rpe6a ganocraHy sarvrajqra paeaoja reorepMaflHux pecypca. l-naeHa crpareuKa oprjeHraqrja xopruhersareorepManHe exeprraje rpe6a 4a 6yge rHreH3nBHa nporcBoAba xpaHe, rj. arpn aKBaKynrypHanpolr3BoAbay Mavar.

5.9. 3AKrbyLlAK

Ha repraropqnPernje Kony6apa, MavBa, l-lo4purue Harrase ce najsxavajHrja jyrocnoBeHcKa Hana3[ulrareorepManHnx pecypca. OHa saje4xo ca ocran!4M Hana3[urrl4Ma ce Mory ycneuHo eKcnnoar[carr, TaKo

Aa ttnxoBo KoMruleKcHo h KacKaAHo rcopuuherue Moxe npeAcraBtbarn snavajxy ocHoBy npnBpeAHorpasaoja. fipyurraexoeKoHoMcKe, TexHnqKorexHonouKe r eKonouKe Kop]rcrr oA t-bt4xoBor xopnulheruacy sHavajne y nopefersy ca ApyrnM rcBopnMa exeprnje n Mory n Bnure ga g6n1y Ha BpeAHocrl4 yKonnKosa6pr,tryrocr ga noaehalte CO. y arrvrocsepn AoBeAe Ao eKoHoMclsx Mepa xoje he o6ecxpa6pn'rnropnuheroe Socrnxnx ropnBa.

l-eorepuanHa eneprraja y WI4A Moxe Aa oArrpa snavajxy ynory, KaKo y noeehaaaruy cna64eearsaperra6nnxou exeprnjou, roja je npfiBarrbr4Ba ca craHoBr4ulra oqyBarba x(nBorHe cpeAt4He, TaKo n ynouohn KoMyHanH[M cnyx6aura 3a rbfixoBo r4HTerpaJlHo nnaHhpaFbe pecypca rrMe uro he ruo6ee6e4rrn eQnracxo cpeAcrBo sa lnpaBrbarbe norpolurboM, oAHocHo HenocpeAHnM reorepManH[Mxoprurherueu. ,Qa 6r c€ ro nocrnrno reorepManHa exeprnja Mopa Aa ce yBpcrt4 y npnMapHe eHeprercKepecypc€, rj. r'iropa,qa 4o6raje paBHonpaBaH craryc ca ynbeM, xa$rou n ApyMM socnnnru r3BopnMaexeprnje. l-bexo rcrpaxnBarbe, ercnnoaraqnja n xopnurhebe ce He cMe cnfraBarn, KaKo ce ro qnHn careorepManHnM pecypo4Ma Mavae, nororoBo saro urro na repraropnju peruje Heua exavajHnx pe3epBn

Socnnxnx eHeprercKr4x pecypca, Hfin4 xetApoexeprrje.

Excnnoraqnja r ropruherbe reorepMaJrHe ereprnje Mopa Aa nocraHe uMneparnB, jep ce paAn onajape4xrajoj nprapogHoj enepnajra aa vrje xopruherce xraje norpe6Ha HrKaKBa roxaepraaja. Oxa xenoeehaBa np!4poAHr4 e$exar craKneHe 6aure, He AoBoAr4 Ao npoMeHa KntaMe, He pa3apa o3oHcKt4oMora'{ r He AoBoAlr 40 nojaee Kncenrx K14ua.

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125

IIHTEPATYPA

Draga5evi6, T., Andri6, B. & Joksovi6, P., 1990: Struktural Map of Mohorovidid Diskontinuity of Yugoslar,:Scale 1:50O,000. Fed. Geol. Inst., Belgrade

Mnnraojearh, M., & fleprh, J., 1981: l-eoreprrrarna norexqnjarHocr no4pyvja Asafia-KocMaj-Syxyrua-Py4Hr,rx. 36opHrar pa4oBa Pl-O (noce6xa ns4arsa), ca. 6, 6eorpa,q, 155"

Mrnreojearh, M. & fleprh, J., 1982: l-eorepuanna norenqrajanHocr rpaHoAropt4rcKor nnfroHa Soparrer uoryhuocrr eKcnnoaraqnje reorepuanne eueprraje, 36opnrar paAoBa 10. jy6ranapHor KoHrpecareonora Jyrocnaarje, KFb. 3, 6eorpa4, 203-?20.

Mnnnaojeenh, M. & fleprh, J., 1982: floreHqr,rjannocr reorepMuHt4x pecypca Jyrocnaeraje r uoryhnocrrfbl4xoBor ropruherua. V: "Py4apcreo Jyrocnaarje", Eeorpa4, 78-90,

Mnnnaojeerh, M. & MhnoeaHoeilh, 5., 1982: l-eorepuanna noreHqrajanHocr reprropraje CP Cfin1e nAalbh npaBqh rcrpiloBaba fi xopnuherua reorepManHe eneprnje. 36opHnr peSepara 7.jyrocnoaeHcxor crunoenjyMa o xhAporeonorrjn r [DKeFbepcxoj reonorrajr, Hoan Carq 1982, xrs.3/2 reoreprraanna eneprraja, Eeorpa4.

Mrnreojearh, M., flepuh, J. & bajrah, H., 1982: O rr,toryhnocrhMa rcrpaAFbe BhueHaMeHcKe KapcrHenoA3eMHe arynaynaqrje y nogpyvjy rpaga LJJa6qa. 36opxrar peSepara 7. jyrocnoeeHcKorcnunosnjyua o xhAporeonornln r rrxeruepcroj reonorrjr, Hoer Ca4 1982, KFb. 1,Xr,r4poreonorraja, Eeorpa4, 1 47 -1 M.

Mnnraojeanh, M., ['lepnh, J. & f]asnoBhh, fl., 1982: HoeoorKptaBeHa reorepManHa axorraanrja y ,[y6ruy-Maqsa h beHa eHeprercKa noreHqrjanxocr. 36opxrar pe$epara 7. jyrocnoeencxorcnunosnjyua o xn4poreonornjr r nrxeroepcroj reonornjn, Hoeh Ca4 1982, KFb. 1,Xr4poreonorrja, Eeorpa4, 1 93-206.

Mnnreojeenh, M., fleprh, J. & bajnh, H., 1982: florenqrajanxocr r paqhoHafiHfi HaLthHt4 ropnuhersareorepMarHe eueprnje gpx jpxuor o6o4a BaJbeBcKo-Mr4oHt4qKor 6acesa. 36opxrax peQepara 7.jyrocnoaencxor crnanosrjyMa o xnAporeonornjn 14 rmKebepcxoj reonorrjr, HoBn Ca4 1982, xru.1, Xr4poreonornja, EeorpaA, 221 -234.

Mnnneojearah, M. & fleprh, J., 1984: Pesynrarn rcrpaxrBaba reorepManxe axorraannje y fl1r6ruy ratbl,lxoB sxavaj 3a npoqeHy xHAporeorepMaJ'rHe noreHqnjanxocril Maqae il nocaao-TaMHaBe.36opnnr peSepara B. jyrocnoaeHcKor crunosrjyua o xn4poreonorrjn r rHxeruepcrojreonornjn, Sygaa 1984, xru. 4, Xra4poreonorraja, EeorpaA,239-252.

Mnnneojeanh, M., [1eprh, J., flapafaHnx, Jb. & 6ajrh, H., 1984: l-eorepnaanua exeprnja, uoryhxocrr rnpaBq[ Aajrrux t4crpaxrBat-ba n KoprluJherua. l-eonou:xa ncrpax[Barba y nprBpeAHoM ]4npocropHoM pasaojy 6eorpa4a, xn. 2, Eeorpap,, 447-477.

Mrnnaojeeuh, M. & flepnh, J., 1984: Vcnoar r uoryhxocrr xopr,ruhersa conapHe h reorepManHeeneprrje y noA3eMH[M BoAaMa y o6rar',ty peqH[x HaHoca. V: "Pasaoj onpeMe n rexHonorrjexoptttllherua cyHqeBe n Apyrhx o6xoerbnarx rcBopa eneprrje, CO'IAP 84". Eeorparq,205-212.

Mnnnaojearh, M. & f'lepnh, J., 1985: flpenrarvrraxapHn pe3ynrarr reorepManHnx rcrpaxhBaba y tlJa6qy.V: "l-eorepuanna exepruja y eHeprerrqr n MeAnqhHr", HayeHo ApyuJrBo Cp6raje, Eeorparq.

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Mnnraojearh, M, & l-lepnh, J., 1985: Pesynrarn AocaAaulbr4x reorepManHrx rcrpaxnBatta y Jbrary. V:"l-eotepuaflxa eneprraja y eHeprer[+4 H MeArqt4Hil", Hayvxo ApyrxrBo Cp6raje, Eeorpa4, 49-44.

Mnnnaojeerah, M, & fleprh, J., 1985: EHeprercxa norenqrjannocr xr4AporeorepMarHux pecypca Maqee.Y: "l-eorepuanxa eHeprrja y eHeprernqr n MeAilqtaHh", Hay..t-to ApyuJrBo Cp6rje, EeorpaA.

Munraojearh, M., 9rraxoarh, C., fleprh, J. & LlJexoBo{, H., 1985: flpenrMrHapH}t pesynrar}rxhAporeorepManH[x t4crpaxilBaFba y Barueay. V: "l-eorepMal'lHa eneprnja y eHeprernqn nMeArqnHr", Hayvno ApyulrBo Cp6raje, Eeorpa4, 4T-49.

Mnnreojearh, M. & flepnh, J., 1985: l-eorepuaana noreHqrajanHocr "Bap4apcxe 3oHe" Ha repraroprajraCP Cp6rje eax CAfl. V: "l-eorepuanxa enepnaja y eHeprerlrqu I MeArqnHh", HayvHo ApyrurBoCp6nje, 6eorpag, 51 -52.

Mrnuraojeerah, M. & floapuh, A., 1985: Crapocr crexa repqrajapHor MarMarrcMa y noApyqjy "Bap4apcre3OHe" nprMenorra lvAp MeroAe I FbeH reorepMaJ'tHra eHavaj. v: l-eorepr"ranna enepnaja yeHeprer!4qu u MeAnLlnHA", Hayvno ApyuJrBo Cp6raje, Eeorpag, 52_53.

Mnnraojearah, M. & fleprh, J., 1986: l-eorepuanna noreHqrjanHocr Maqee, Ceu6epraje ra Cpeua.36opnrax peSepara Xl KoHrpeca reonora Jyrocnaeraje, xtt. 1, Tapa, Eeorpa,q, 201-216.

Milivctjevi6, M., PeriC,J., Simi6, M. & Eaji6, N., 1988: Potenciality of karstgeothermal resources in Madvaregion and heat energy storage feasibility. JIGSTOCK 88, Volume 2, Versailles, France, g71AZg.

Mrnreojeanh, M., 1989: Oqexa reorepManHnx pecypca repnropraje CP Cp6nje BaH replrropraja CAI-1.fiorcropcxa,qracepraqraja o46parsexa xa pl-O y 6eorpa4y. 6eorpag, 459.

MilivojeviC, M., 1990: Assessment of Geothermal Resources of Serbia. Geothermal Resources CouncilTransactions, Vol. 14, Part ll, Geothennal Resources Council (USA), Davis, 933-936.

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Mrnraojearah, M., 1992: l-eorepuanxr MoAen 3eMrbnHe Kope n nnrocsepe xa reprropnjra Jyrocnaanje.l-eonourxr Axanr Sanxancrora nonyocrpBa, rru.56/B, Eeorpag, 345-364.

Milivcjevi6, M., 1992: Age of rertiary lr/agrnatisrn Rocks in the ,'Vardar Zone" onlvAr lulethod and its Geoftermal lmportance. In: Affiacts vol. 3ts,Congress, Keirin Assoc, Kyoto, Japan, g44A4S.

Se*ian Tenitory using29th lntem. Gedogical

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Mrnnaojearh, M., 1995: EneprercKa noreHqrjanHocr reorepManH'lx pecypca Jyrocnaaraje (nayvxo-crpyqHa uxSopuaqmja sa f-yaepxepa HEJ). Marepnjan npe3eHrilpax xa Pa.qxoj rpynr 3ann$pacrpyrrypHe o6jercre n eHeprernKy Axa4eunxa ,Q. Aapauoerha, Pl-O l4Hcrrryr saxrAporeonorrjy, Eeorpa4, 1 -35.

Mnjaroenh, E., 1975: l4seeuraj o racrpaxnoj 6yuornnn Mn-1 xo4 Mroxrqe. l-eoeaao4, Eeorpag(xeny6nraroaaHo).

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