CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 1129 West Governor Road P.O. Box 797 Hershey, PA 17033-0797 Phone: (717) 533-8600

BRANCH OFFICES State College, PA

Pittsburgh, PA Wilkes-Barre, PA

Columbia, MD

www.armgroup.net

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS & DESIGN

Technical competence, engineering experience and judgment, and an appreciation for cost and risk issues are critical components of geotechnical engineering. ARM's engineering staff has both the technical training and the practical experience to provide our clients with cost-effective solutions to their engineering needs. Our areas of expertise include: Evaluation of allowable bearing capacity for shallow foundation

systems Deep foundation design, including drilled and driven piles, and

drilled shafts Risk assessment with respect to shallow foundations in karst

conditions Evaluation and design of ground improvement measures, including compaction grouting, slab jacking, deep soil mixing, and stone columns Settlement analysis Pavement analysis, design, and condition surveys Slope stability analysis and rehabilitation Geosynthetic analysis and application Retaining wall analysis and design, including segmental and grid-

reinforced walls Sinkhole evaluation, mitigation, and repair Analysis and design of excavation support systems Evaluation and specification of tunneling systems Evaluation and mitigation of mine subsidence Seepage analysis and mitigation measures Determination of infiltration rates for design of stormwater management facilities Analysis and design of post-tensioned anchors Evaluation and design of structural underpinning measures Design of erosion control measures

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 1129 West Governor Road P.O. Box 797 Hershey, PA 17033-0797 Phone: (717) 533-8600

BRANCH OFFICES State College, PA

Pittsburgh, PA Wilkes-Barre, PA

Columbia, MD

www.armgroup.net

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS & DESIGN

Karst Experience ARM Group Inc. (ARM) has considerable experience and expertise in the evaluation and mitigation of the limestone-related problems that impact many sites in south-central Pennsylvania, as well as portions of Maryland and surrounding states. ARM routinely assesses subsurface conditions at sites underlain by limestone with regard to the extent of past or ongoing soil transport and associated sinkhole activity. ARM personnel have investigated and repaired hundreds of sinkholes, ranging in size from shallow sinkholes only several feet in diameter to sinkholes more than a hundred feet in diameter and 30 feet deep. A wide variety of sinkhole repair methods and materials are currently available, and the measures recommended by ARM reflect our consideration of site-specific soil and rock conditions, the likely cause of the sinkhole, and the proximity of the sinkhole to critical structures or utilities. Foundation Design Philosophy ARM works with clients and other design team members to identify foundation options, and to identify the cost and risk issues associated with each. Project stakeholders have become increasingly willing in recent years to consider foundation systems that may once have been considered inadvisable due to perceived risk. This is particularly true in limestone areas, where costly deep foundation systems were routinely recommended in the past for many large structures, both as a matter of conventional practice and due to concern over the potential for sinkhole-related problems. Similar concerns exist at sites where historic fill materials are encountered. Subsurface conditions vary significantly from site to site, however, and evaluating the severity of past or ongoing solution activity within site bedrock, and the extent of associated soil disturbance, is an important aspect of each project. The character and stability of existing historic fill also depends upon several factors, such as its composition, age, and depth. ARM evaluates these conditions and the risks associated with shallow foundations at each site, and works with the project team to identify the most suitable foundation system. ARM has worked with many clients and designers to explain the risks associated with relying upon shallow foundations at limestone sites, and to describe the measures that can be incorporated into project design and construction to minimize the potential for limestone-related problems over the life of the proposed facilities. This project approach ensures that project stakeholders are making the most informed decisions possible.