George Washington Benjamin Franklin Abraham Lincoln George Washington Carver.
George Washington
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Transcript of George Washington
George Washington
Challenges and Solutions
Economic Problems
• War Debt– Owed to foreign countries
• Netherlands• France• Spain
– Owed to merchants and citizens
• Image
Hamilton’s Financial Plan• Pay off all war debts
– Some states had already paid their portion– Compromised with move of Capital
• Raise government revenue– Tariffs of imported goods
• Money for national government• Encourage growth of American businesses
• Create a national bank– Safe place for nation’s money– Issue one currency– Loans to businesses and government
• Strengthen national governm,ent
Different Interpretations of Constitution
• Strict or flexible?• Is the national bank constitutional?• Anti-feds
– Strict interpretation– Unconstitutional as power not spelled out
• Feds– Loose interpretation– “Necessary and Proper” clause
• Need powers not specifically stated to carry out job
Securing NW Territory
• Competition for land Trans-Appalachian West– Britain– Spain– Native Americans
• Mississippi River vital for trade• Washington sends troops
Battle of Fallen Timbers• Ohio River Valley• Washington sends troops to fight Natives• 1790• Little Turtle (Miami Tribe)
– Shawnee– Ottawa– Chippewa
• Natives think Brits will aid, but don’t• Treaty of Greenville (1795)
– Twelve tribes– Surrender to U.S. government
• Ohio• Indiana
Whiskey Rebellion Western Pennsylvania
• Grain and Whiskey important products• Farmers make whiskey from grain
– Cheaper and easier to ship whiskey– Can ship more whiskey than grain
• Tax on whiskey cuts into profits• Farmers resisted tax by rebelling
– Beat up and tar and feather tax collector– Armed themselves
• Washington sends troops (Oct. 1794)– Image– Won’t let rebels weaken authority of fed. Gov’t.
French Revolution
• 1789
• Caused by financial crisis
• Inspired by American Revolution– French demand
• Liberty• Equality
– Overthrow King Louis XVI
French Revolution - cont• European monarchs in fear• France declares war
– Britain– Holland– Spain
• Who, if anyone, should the U.S. support?– French helped us– Just finished war with Britain
• Washington– Neutral– “Friendly and impartial”– Congress passes law forbidding help to either side
Jay’s Treaty• Britain seizes American cargo ships
– French West Indies– Challenge neutrality
• John Jay, Chief Justice, negotiates with British– Stop seizure of ships – Give up forts on NW frontier– 1794-1796
• Treaty– British leave Ohio River valley– British pay for damages to American ships– Trade with British West Indies fails
Pinckney’s Treaty
• Thomas Pinckney• 1795• Treaty with Spain
– Americans travel freely along Mississippi River– Americans could store goods
• Port of New Orleans• Free of customs duties
– Northern boundary of Florida at 31st parallel– Southern boundary of U.S. at 31st parallel
Court System
• Congress creates• Supreme Court
– How many justices?– How much power?– How to divide authority
• Federal government• State government
• Federal Judiciary Act of 1789– Supreme Court
• One chief justice (John Jay)• Five associate justices (eventually nine)
– Lower Federal courts with less power