Geopolitics: Imperial Geopolitics: Imperial Ages of China & JapanAges of China & Japan

Chapter 11, Section 4Chapter 11, Section 4

For HW (due Thursday)For HW (due Thursday)

Reading and notes pgs 491-499.Reading and notes pgs 491-499.Remember the qualities of good Remember the qualities of good

notesnotesComplete thoughtsComplete thoughtsWell-organizedWell-organizedMain ideas in complete sentencesMain ideas in complete sentencesHistorical details to supportHistorical details to supportAnalysisAnalysis

China: Powerful DynastiesChina: Powerful Dynasties Dynastic ruleDynastic rule

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven Son of HeavenSon of Heaven

Confucian based Confucian based bureaucracybureaucracy

IsolationIsolation Middle KingdomMiddle Kingdom Influence over Korea & Influence over Korea &

JapanJapan Nomads are a constant Nomads are a constant

threatthreat Favorable trade Favorable trade

balancebalance Silk RoadSilk Road

Emperor Qian Long: Emperor Qian Long: Letter to George III, 1793Letter to George III, 1793

As your Ambassador can see for As your Ambassador can see for himself, we possess all things. I himself, we possess all things. I set no value on objects strange or set no value on objects strange or ingenious, and have no use for ingenious, and have no use for your country's manufactures. This your country's manufactures. This then is my answer to your request then is my answer to your request to appoint a representative at my to appoint a representative at my Court, a request contrary to our Court, a request contrary to our dynastic usage, which would only dynastic usage, which would only result in inconvenience to result in inconvenience to yourself. It behoves you, O King, yourself. It behoves you, O King, to respect my sentiments and to to respect my sentiments and to display even greater devotion and display even greater devotion and loyalty in future, so that, by loyalty in future, so that, by perpetual submission to our perpetual submission to our Throne, you may secure peace Throne, you may secure peace and prosperity for your country and prosperity for your country hereafter. hereafter.

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/qianlong.html

The Opium Wars (1839-1860)The Opium Wars (1839-1860) Europe looking to shift Europe looking to shift

the balance of tradethe balance of trade Opium used to shift trade Opium used to shift trade

deficitdeficit 1821: 4,500 chests (150 lbs 1821: 4,500 chests (150 lbs

of extract in each) of extract in each) smuggled into Chinasmuggled into China

1830:30,000 chests 1830:30,000 chests 1838: 40,000 chests1838: 40,000 chests

1842: 2 million of 400 1842: 2 million of 400 million Chinese use million Chinese use opiumopium

1881: 130 million of 370 1881: 130 million of 370 million use opiummillion use opium

British easily defeated British easily defeated China, creating an China, creating an internal breakdown.internal breakdown.

Lin Zexu: Letter to Queen Lin Zexu: Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839Victoria, 1839

The products that originate from China are all useful items. The products that originate from China are all useful items. They are good for food and other purposes and are easy to They are good for food and other purposes and are easy to sell. Has China produced one item that is harmful to foreign sell. Has China produced one item that is harmful to foreign countries? I have heard that you are a kind, compassionate countries? I have heard that you are a kind, compassionate monarch. I am sure that you will not do to others what you monarch. I am sure that you will not do to others what you yourself do not desire. The present law calls for the yourself do not desire. The present law calls for the imposition of the death sentence on any Chinese who has imposition of the death sentence on any Chinese who has peddled or smoked opium. Since a Chinese could not peddle peddled or smoked opium. Since a Chinese could not peddle or smoke opium if foreigners had not brought it to China, it or smoke opium if foreigners had not brought it to China, it is clear that the true culprits of a Chinese's death as a result is clear that the true culprits of a Chinese's death as a result of an opium conviction are the opium traders from foreign of an opium conviction are the opium traders from foreign countries. If the merchants of your honorable country wish countries. If the merchants of your honorable country wish to enjoy trade with us on a permanent basis, they must to enjoy trade with us on a permanent basis, they must fearfully observe our law by cutting off, once and for all, the fearfully observe our law by cutting off, once and for all, the supply of opium. Under no circumstance should they test supply of opium. Under no circumstance should they test our intention to enforce the law by deliberately violating it. our intention to enforce the law by deliberately violating it. You, as the ruler of your honorable country, should do your You, as the ruler of your honorable country, should do your part to uncover the hidden and unmask the wicked. part to uncover the hidden and unmask the wicked.

Treaty of Nanjing (1842)Treaty of Nanjing (1842)China separated into Spheres of China separated into Spheres of

InfluenceInfluence

JAPANJAPAN1600-18681600-1868

Tokugawa ShogunateTokugawa Shogunate

Isolation, Isolation, NOT NOT stagnationstagnation

Military rule Military rule under under shogunshogun

No/very No/very limited limited foreign foreign presencepresence

1868-18891868-1889Meiji RestorationMeiji Restoration

Restored emperorRestored emperor Shogun, daimyo and Shogun, daimyo and

samurai disappearsamurai disappear Industrialized JapanIndustrialized Japan

Needs raw materialsNeeds raw materials Copied western Copied western

stylesstyles Wants to be seen as Wants to be seen as

powerful as western powerful as western powerspowers

19051905Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War

1931-19451931-1945Militarism, Militarism,

Expansion and Expansion and WWIIWWII

Post WWII Post WWII JapanJapan

U.S. OccupationU.S. Occupation DemocratizationDemocratization Japanese Economic MiracleJapanese Economic Miracle

The Cold War (1945-1990s)The Cold War (1945-1990s)

JAPANJAPAN Post-war recoveryPost-war recovery Ally to the U.S.Ally to the U.S. Democratic and Democratic and

capitalistcapitalist CHINACHINA

Civil war (Nationalists Civil war (Nationalists vs. Communists)vs. Communists)

Becomes a Becomes a communist nation in communist nation in 19491949

KOREAKOREA Divided by the USSR Divided by the USSR

and U.S.and U.S. 1950-1953 Korean 1950-1953 Korean

WarWarNorth Korea: isolated, North Korea: isolated, dictatorship, poverty, dictatorship, poverty, nuclear threatsnuclear threats

South Korea: growth, South Korea: growth, wealthy trade nationwealthy trade nation

For HW (due Thursday)For HW (due Thursday)

Reading and notes pgs 491-499.Reading and notes pgs 491-499.Remember the qualities of good Remember the qualities of good

notesnotesComplete thoughtsComplete thoughtsWell-organizedWell-organizedMain ideas in complete sentencesMain ideas in complete sentencesHistorical details to supportHistorical details to supportAnalysisAnalysis