Geology Chapter 10

Study Guide

Complete the Worksheets

10.1 After You Read

• Stress builds up at fault 1. plates shift/earthquake occurs

Body waves 2. S waves; 3. P wavesSurface waves 4. Love waves; 5.

Rayleigh waves

10.1 After You Read

2. In the graphic organizer above, circle the names of the waves that cause particles of material to move at right angles to the direction of the waves.

Circle S waves and Love waves

10.2 After You Read

The instrument Used to

detect

earthquakes

The record sheet;

Indicates arrival time

Of each type of wave

Consists of weight,

Pen, and rotating

drum

10.2 After You ReadWhy is it essential to have seismograms

from more than one station to locate an earthquake’s epicenter?

A seismogram indicates only the distance from a station to the epicenter; therefore, the epicenter could be any point on a circle with the distance as a radius. By picking three stations, the epicenter may be found.

10.3 After You ReadType of earthquake damage:

Liquefaction more common on bogs and soft landfill; liquefaction can lead to foundation failure; there can be up to 1000 aftershocks a day after major earthquakes; aftershocks can lead to ruptures gas lines and fire; tsunamis can cause massive destruction

10.3 After You Read2. Preventing earthquake damage:

Determining what factors make structures resist earthquake damage; revising building codes as in Japan.

10.3 After You Read3. Areas of earthquake risk:

Regions lying at plate boundaries (California, Alaska); places where many faults are buried beneath rock (New Madrid, Mississippi)

10.3 After You ReadPredicting earthquakes:

Predicting when, where, and what magnitude; plotting earthquake activity along faults; identifying seismic gaps.

10.4 While You Read

1.Mantle

2.Inner core

3.Moho

4.Lower mantle

5. Outer core

6. Inner core

10.4 After You Read

1. What significant difference is there between the movement of S waves and P waves? Which part of the Earth can S waves not travel through?

S waves cannot travel through liquid. Since S waves cannot pass through the outer core, scientists infer that the outer core is liquid.

10.4 After You Read2. The shadow zone exists because

P waves are refracted; S waves cannot pass through the liquid outer core.