Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology, and Oceanography 1. The branches of Earth Science are: 2. Atmosphere layer of gases that surround Earth Lithosphere solid rock layer around Earth Hydrosphere layer of liquid water that surround Earth Biosphere life part of Earth 3. Mass, (volume), length, time 4. Observation descriptions about the environment using the 5 senses. Example: The book is red. 5. Qualitative observation describes the condition or physical attributes of something. Ex. red book Quantitative observations describes the amount of something in the environment (using includes a number). Ex. 4 red books 6. Inference an educated guess. Example: It will rain tomorrow. 7. Equilibrium a balance between opposing forces. Example: Tug of war game 8. Interface the boundary between 2 different materials. Example: Air and Water (pond) and weather fronts 9. Solid L x W x H = V Liquid measured using a graduated cylinder in mL. x 10^5 km 11. As x increase, y increases (vice versa). 12. As x increase, y decreases (vice versa). 13. As x increase, y increases and decreases. 14. As x increase, y stays the same (vice versa). 15. Example: 30F increases to 48F in 6 hours Rate of Change = change in field value/time Rate of Change = (48F - 30F) / 6 hours Rate of Change = 3F/hr 16. Percent error = (difference between your value and accepted value / accepted value) x 100% 17. Density amount of matter per unit volume; how tightly packed matter is. D = m / v * m = D x v * v = m / D 18. Densest solid Least dense gas *Except for water densest as liquid! 19. As temperature increases, density decreases (indirect). 20. As pressure increases, density increases (direct). 21. 4C 22. Stays the same! (Mass and Volume will also be halved so the ratio stays the same.) 23. They do NOT affect density! 24. D = 45g / 9 mL D = 5.0 g/mL 25. m = v x D m = 6 x 3 = 18.0g 26. v = m / D v = 20 / 10 = 2.0 cm^3 27. a) D = m / v b) D = 348.6g / mL c) D = 2.8 g/mL d) Quartz 2.65 g/mL e) Percent error = (difference between your value and accepted value / accepted value) x 100% f) % error = (( ) / 2.65) x 100 g) % error = 5.7 %