Geology307Spring2017

IgneousandMetamorphicPetrology

Above:Askjacaldera,Iceland.Below,dikesandsillsexposedatPicodoArieiro,Madeira

Instructor:

Dr.TamaraCarleyEmail:carleyt@lafayette.eduPhone:610-330-5199Office:VanWickle101cResearchLab:VanWickle1cOfficeHours:Wednesday(9:30-noon,1:30-4:00)or

casualdrop-inorscheduledappointment:PlaceandTime: VanWickleHall,Room15 Lecture:Tuesday-Thursday,11:00-12:15 Lab1:Tuesday1:15-4:00 CourseObjectives:Petrology is the study of rocks: their origins and evolution. In this course, you will thoroughly investigate the lifecycle of igneous and metamorphic rocks using many converging lines of evidence. You will ask, and learn to answer, questions like: What type of rock is this? What is its composition? What minerals are present and in what relative abundances? What textures are visible in the rock? What are its macro- and microscopic characteristics? How did it form? HOW DID IT FORM?! Where did this rock originally form and where was it ultimately found? How has the rock changed since its formation? Where else on earth do we find rocks with similar characteristics? Throughout it all, ask “why, Why, WHY?!” and “how do we know?” and “could there be another explanation?” Learningoutcomes:

• Describe,explain,anddifferentiatethecompositionalandphysicallayersoftheEarth• Identifybasicminerals;understandrelationshipsbetweentheirchemistryandoccurrence• Knowbasicigneous,metamorphicandsedimentaryrockprocessesandtypes• Relaterockprocessestoplatetectonicsorotherbroad-scaleearthprocesses• Explainwhere,whyandhowspecificigneousandmetamorphicrocktypesareproduced• Skillfullyacquire,interpretandaccesssoundscientificdataandinformationabouttheEarth

2 Geology307syllabus

Textbook:PrinciplesofIgneousandMetamorphicPetrology(2ndEdition)byJohnD.Winter(Prentice-Hall).WatchforWallaWallareferences!Photo:ColumbiaRiverBasaltatPalouseFalls,WATalkin’rocks:I’mveryhappytodiscussthecourse,assignments,grades,yourclassroomexperience,andthiscrazyplanetofours.Visitmyofficeorresearchlabforcasualdrop-inmeetings,orcontactmeinadvancetoscheduleanappointment(Wednesdaysarepreferred).I’malsohappytocommunicateviaemail.I’mnotbigonformality,butIdoaskforasalutation,asign-off,andaresponseinallofouremailexchanges.Iwillstrivetorespondtoyouremailspromptly,butpleaseknowthatImaywaituntilmorning(orMonday)torespondtoemailsreceivedafterIleaveVanWicklefortheevening.Planahead!ThewayIteach:Iamastrongproponentof“activelearning,”and“challenge-basedlearning.”Things“stick”bestwhenyoulearnbydoing.Therewillbefrequentopportunitiestoexerciseagencyandidentifysubtopicsandexamplesthatyoufindtobeparticularlyinterestingandrelevant.Thisapproachtoteachingandlearninghashugebenefits,butitrequiresagreatdealofparticipation,cooperation,enthusiasm,andpreparationonyourpart.Ithankyouinadvance.Atypicalweek:

• TuesdayLecture:o CompletetheMoodlequizbefore10:00amonTuesdaymorning.Wewilltypically

begintheweekwithadiscussionofthequiz.o Interactivelecture,oftenaccompaniedbyin-classproblemsetsoractivities

• TuesdayLabo Previousweek’slabdue(typicallyviaMoodleSubmissionPortal)by1:15pmo Labtasksandtheirgradebookcategory(e.g.,GeneralLab,IgneousWorldTour,etc.)

summarizedatthebeginningoflabandatthetopofyourweeklylabhandout.• ThursdayLecture

o Typical:interactivelecture,oftenaccompaniedbyin-classproblemsetsoractivitieso Occasional:continuationordiscussionoflabactivity.

Attendance:Cometoclass.Cometolab.Attendfieldtrips.Iwillgladlyacceptdean-approvedabsences.Otherwise,youmustbepresent(andparticipating!)inclassandlab.Violationofthispolicywillresultinanegativeimpactonyour“GeneralLabandRelatedTasks”grade.Timeliness:Wewillspendalotofclasstimethinkingaboutanddiscussinggeologictime.Inpractice,though,wemustoperateonsocialcontracttime.Bepunctualforclass,lab,andfieldtrips.WorkwilltypicallybecollectedviaMoodlesubmissionportalsthathaveexplicitsubmissiondeadlines.Occasionallyyouwillneedtosubmitphysicalcopiesofworkatthebeginningofthedesignatedclassperiod.Lateworkwillbeaccepteduntilgradedworkisreturnedtoyourclassmates,buttherewillbepenaltiesfortardiness:5%iflateondeadlineday,10%everydaythereafter.Classcancelation:ItisthepolicyofLafayetteCollegeandGeologyandEnvironmentalGeosciencestoholdclasseseverydaytheyarescheduled(nosnowdays!).If a rare circumstance emerges that makes class cancelation unavoidable (dangerous conditions, extreme illness, required research travel), the missed class time will be made up with an alternative arrangement on a case-by-case basis (e.g., rescheduled class, mandatory attendance at a relevant campus event, etc.).

Geology307syllabus 3

Technologyduringlab:It’snottheStoneAgeanymore.Weliveinanamazingtechnologicalera,andwewillmakefrequentuseofmanyelectronicresources(e.g.,Omeka,GoogleEarth,MELTS,Excel,Moodle,etc.)duringourtimetogether.Plantohavealaptopandyourtextbookwithyouforeachlabsession.Pleasecontactmeifthisisaproblemandwewillfindasolution(noproblem!).Technologyduringlecture:Thereisatimeandaplaceforeverything.Asageneralrule,pleaseconsiderourclassroomtobeascreenfreezoneduringourlectureperiods.Iwillbeveryclearabouttimeswhenlaptopsandphones(orsimilar)maybeused.Otherwise,Iaskthatyoucometoclassreadytoparticipateindiscussionsandactivitiesandcriticalthinkingexerciseswithoutthecrutchordistractionofatoolwithapowerbutton.Violationofthispolicywillresultinanegativeimpactonyour“GeneralLabandRelatedTasks”grade.Moodle:WewilluseMoodlefrequently—forcommunication,dailyreadingassignments,resourcedistribution,surveysandpolls,assignmentsubmissions,gradereporting,etc.PleasefamiliarizeyourselfwithMoodle,andpleaseletmeknowifyouhaveanyquestionsorconcerns.MoodleDisclaimer:MoodlecontainsstudentinformationthatisprotectedbytheFamilyEducationalRighttoPrivacyAct(FERPA).Disclosuretounauthorizedpartiesviolatesfederalprivacylaws.CoursesusingMoodlewillmakestudentinformationvisibletootherstudentsinthisclass.Pleaserememberthatthisinformationisprotectedbythesefederalprivacylawsandmustnotbesharedwithanyoneoutsidetheclass.AcademicHonesty:Integrityisofparamountimportance,andIholditinthehighestregard.It’sokay(evenencouraged,andoftenrequired!)tostruggleasyougrapplewithnewconcepts.It’snotokay(never,ever)tocompromiseyouracademicintegrity.Anyworkyousubmitmustbeyourowncreation.Theideasyouputforthindiscussionandtheanswersyouprovideonhomeworkorexamsmustbeyouroriginalthoughts;otherwise,creditmustbegivenwherecreditisdue(citingpublishedwork,oracknowledgingyourpeersfortheirintellectualcontributions).AnyperceivedbreachofacademicintegritywillbereportedtothechairofGeologyandEnvironmentalGeosciencesandtotheDeanofStudents.ConsulttheStudentHandbookforfurtherinformation.AcademicAccommodation:Iamhappytodiscusappropriateaccommodationsthatyoumayrequiretobesuccessfulinthiscourse.IaskthatyoucontacttheATTIC(attic@lafayette.edu,610-330-5098)andinvolvetheminindeterminingandfacilitatinganactionplanassoonaspossible.WorkSubmission:

• Moodlequizzesmustbecompletedby10:00amonTuesdaymorning• Physicallabassignmentsmustbehandedinatthebeginningofthelabperiod• DigitallabassignmentsmustbesubmittedviaMoodleby1:15pmonTuesdays• Extracreditwriteupsaredueoneweekafterseminarsat1:00pmonMoodle• Anyotherassignments(rare)willbecollectedatthestartoflectureontheduedate.• Lateworkwillbeaccepteduntilgradedworkisreturnedtoyourclassmates:5%penaltyif

lateondeadlineday,10%everydaythereafter.Examscannotberescheduled.ProtectedPrivacy:Youwillbeassignedarandom4digitIDnumbertouseonallpapersubmissionsofwork(exams,printedlabs,etc.).Respecttheanonymityofthenumber.WorkReturn:Youmaypickupgradedwork(labrubrics,examandquizscores,etc.)fromthehangingfilesoutsidemyofficedoor,inafolderlabeledwithyouranonymousIDnumber.Youcanviewyourgradedexamsinofficehours(typicallyavailableoneweekafteryoutaketheexam).

4 Geology307syllabus

GradeCommunication:Youareresponsibleforkeepingtrackofyourgradesthroughoutthecourseofthesemester.Thevalueofeachassignmentisavailableinthe“AssignmentOverviewandGradeDistribution”sectionofthissyllabus.Youmayinquireaboutyourgradeinofficehoursatanypointinthesemester.Gradesarenotnegotiable—takeadvantageofextracreditopportunities!Gradingpolicyandabreakdownofthenumbers:Aboveandbeyond

expectations

Good,high-qualitywork

Sufficient;baselineexpectationsmet Roomforimprovement

A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D D-94% 90% 87% 84% 80% 77% 74% 70% 67% 64% 60%Thesenumbersindicatetheminimumscorethatmustbeearnedforeachcorrespondinglettergrade.Gradesarefirm(no

rounding!)andnon-negotiable.Takeadvantageofextracreditandopportunitiestoredoworkforpartialcredit.ExtraCredit:Youmayaddamaximumof5%extracredittowardsyourfinalgrade(thisissignificant—takeadvantage!).Allextracreditwillbeassessedandfactoredintoyourfinalgradeattheendofthesemester.

• BrownBagSeminars(orsimilar):YoucanearnextracreditbyattendingBrownBagseminarsandothercampusevents(onacase-by-casebasis).Attendanceandappropriateparticipationwilladd0.25%extracredittoyourfinalgrade.Ashortwriteup(2pages,1inchmargins,1.5spacing,size11font)canbesubmittedforamaximumof0.75%extracredittowardsyourfinalgrade.Thewriteupmustcontain:(1)asummaryofthelecture;(2)anoverviewofissuesyoufoundparticularlyinteresting;and(3)questionsyouhaverelatedtothecontentofthelecture.Write-upsaredueviaMoodleonorbeforeMay5th.

• IgneousWorldTour:YourfinalWordPressprojectwillincludeindividualpagesforamid-oceanridge,oceanisland,subductionzone,andcomparisonpage.Youmayearnupto4%extracredittowardsyourfinalgradebyaddingacontinentalriftorhotspottoyourproject.

• OmekaDigitalMuseum:Youmayearnupto4%extracredittowardsyourfinalgradebycontributingOmekaentriesforourofficialrockandmineralcollections.AconsultationwithDr.Carleyisnecessarytodefineyourtasksandtoagreeontheamountofcreditearned.

Courseschedule:Thiscourseschedule,likeourdynamicplanet,issubjecttochange.Changemaybeslowandsteady(uniformitarianism!),orcomeinfitsofdrasticupheaval(catastrophism!).PleasecheckMoodlefrequentlytostayuptodatewithreadingsandacurrenttimelineofevents.Week Generaltopic01/23 IntroductiontoPetrology,rockbuildingminerals,andmaficvs.felsicrocks01/30 TheMantle02/06 Volcaniclandforms,eruptiveproducts,andtheroomproblem02/13 MagmaticevolutionExam1willincludematerialthruthisweek02/20 Mid-OceanRidgesLegoLabdue(2/21);Exam1(2/23)02/27 OceanIslands03/06 Continentalriftsandhotspots03/13 SpringBreak03/20 Convergentmargins(subduction)03/27 Igneouswrap-upweekExam2willincludematerialthruthisweek04/03 IgneoustometamorphictransitionWorldtourdue(4/4);Exam2(4/6)04/10 Equilibriummineralassemblages04/17 Metamorphicfacies,metamorphismofmaficrocks04/25 Metamorphiczones,metamorphismofpeliticrocks05/01 Wrap-upandreflectionsMetamorphicadopt-a-rockdue(5/05)Finals Examdatedeterminedbyregistrar

GradeDistributionandAssignmentOverviewCategory SpecificAssignments % Description

Exams

Exam1 12

Thisexamwillbewrittenfora75-minuteclassperiod.Itmayincludeshortanswerresponses,labelingoffiguresandgraphs,calculations,phasediagramandgeochemicalplotinterpretation,andspecimenwork(identification,interpretation).Ifyouwish,youmaycompletetheexamtothebestofyourabilityusingpencilbeforeswitchingtopenandmakingcorrectionsforpartialcreditusing

yourhandmademineralIDguide.Exam1willincludecontentthroughthe“magmaticevolution”week(LegoLabconcepts).Exam2 13 Exam2willfollowtheformatandguidelinesspecifiedabove,andwillinclude~30%conceptsfrombeforeExam1,~70%newcontent.

FinalExam 15ThefinalexamwillfollowthesameformatandguidelinesasExams1and2.Itwillbewrittenfora150minuteexamperiod,butyoumaytake180minutestocompleteandcheckyourwork.Thefinalwillbecumulative,andwillconsistof~40%igneousconceptsand

~60%metamorphicconcepts.

Quizzes

Moodlequizzes 5 ShortquizzesrelatedtolecturematerialandnewreadingswillbeadministeredonMoodleeachweek(note:noquizzestheweeksofexams).Thesequizzesareindependentexercises(notcollaborative),butyoumayconsultyournotesandtextbook.

Specimenquizzes 5Specimenquizzesmayincludeidentificationandinterpretationofrocksandmineralsinthinsectionandhandsample.Note:mineralformulasandwholerockgeochemistryareimportanttobothidentificationandinterpretation.Quizzeswillbeannouncedoneweekinadvance,andmaybeheldduringeitherlectureorlab.Thesequizzeswillbepeergraded,andwillbeusedtofacilitatediscussion.

GeneralLabandLectureActivities

Generallabandlectureactivities 10

Standardlabtasks(weekly)andin-classactivitieswithatake-homecomponent(rare)willbefactoredintothisgradebookcategory.Unlessexplicitlystatedotherwiseonanassignmenthandout,everythinginthiscategorywillbeaveragedtogetherandweighted

equally.Note:twospecificlabs(theLegoLabandMetamorphicAdopt-a-Rock)andcomponentsoflabstailoredtokeepyouontrackwithyourIgneousWorldTour(seebelow)willnotbefactoredintothisgradebookcategory.

SpecificLabs

LegoLab 8

YouwillexplorechemicaldifferentiationviafractionalcrystallizationusingLegostosimulateacrystallizingmagmabody.Thisweek-longexercisewillhelpyoubuildtheskillsnecessarytobesuccessfulinyour“igneousworldtour”project.Youwill:classifyrocksandmagmausingbulkrockchemistryandmineralassemblages;useExceltocalculatechangingchemistryandtogenerategeochemicalgraphsandplots;analyzeandinterpretgeochemicalgraphs;findrocksandmineralsintheteachingcollectionthatcorrespondtotherocksandmineralsinyoursimulation.Youwillsummarizeyourresultsinaconcisebutwell-illustratedreport,tobesubmitted

electronicallyviaMoodleat1:15onFebruary21st.

MetamorphicAdopt-a-Rock 10

Whenwetransitionfromigneoustometamorphicrocks,youwillfindarockto“adopt.”Youwilldescribetherockinhandsample,makeandcharacterizeathinsection,andmakeyourbestattempttotellthefulllife-storyoftherock,fromtheformationofitsprotolithtoitscurrentstate(usingevidenceliketexture,mineralassemblages).Youwillpresentyourworkandyourinterpretationsinaconcisebut

well-illustratedreport,tobesubmittedelectronicallyviaMoodleat1:15onthelastdayofclass(May5).

IgneousWorldTour

Landformlabcontribution 2

Severallabshavetasksdesignedtoassistinthesuccessfulcompletionofyour"IgneousWorldTour"project.Thesetaskswillbeclearlydelineatedonassignmenthandouts,andwilleachbeworth2%ofyourtotalgrade.TasksexplicitlyassociatedwithyourIgneousWorld

Tourwillnotbeaveragedintoyour"GeneralLab"gradebookcategory.

MELTSlabcontribution 2

MORBlabcontribution 2

OIBlabcontribution 2

Subductionlabcontribution 2

Rocklabcontribution 2

FinalReport 10

Together,asaclass,wewillexploremid-oceanridgesfromtheperspectiveofanigneouspetrologist.Youwillthentakepersonalresponsibilityforuniquevolcanicsystemsin(1)anoceanislandsetting,and(2)asubductionzone.Youandapartnerwillcompareyourfindingsforyouruniquesettings.Thisprojectwillbetheculminationofseverallabsandlecturesintheigenouspetrologyunitofthe

class.Youwillcompileyourresultsandinterpretationsinawell-illustratedWordPresswebsite,dueApril4th.

ExtraCredit ExtraCredit ≤5%Commonoptionsincludebrownbagseminarattendanceandreflection(seesyllabusdescription),supplementalOmekaentriesfortheDigitalMuseumproject(seesyllabusdescription),orexploringacontinentalhotspotorriftinyourIgneousWorldTourWordPress

website.Otherextracreditopportunitieswillbeofferedastheypresentthemselves,orconsideredonacase-by-casebasis.